- Source: PED
PED, Ped-, or ped may refer to:
Abbreviations
Parliamentary estates directorate, the body responsible for the buildings and estate of the Palace of Westminster
Performance-enhancing drugs, substances designed to enhance the metabolism of the human body in certain medical situations
Personal emergency device, a one-way text paging device used in the mining industry
Pipeline embolization device, a braided stent used for the treatment of brain aneurysms
Platform edge door, another term for a platform screen door
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea
Pressure Equipment Directive, a set of standards for the design and manufacture of pressure equipment in the European Union
Price elasticity of demand, in economics
(S)-1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase, an enzyme
Phazon Enhancement Device, a fictional apparatus in the science fiction video game Metroid Prime 3: Corruption
PIN entry device (see PIN pad)
Codes
PED, IATA code for Pardubice Airport
PED, ISO 639 code for the Mala language
= Other uses
=
An English prefix of Greek origin, meaning "child"
An English prefix of Latin origin, meaning "foot"
Ped, a unit of soil structure such as an aggregate, crumb, prism, block, or granule, formed by natural processes
, a musical symbol indicating use of the sustain pedal on a piano or other instrument so equipped
Programmer's EDitor, a screen-oriented text editor from Norsk Data
See also
Pedestal (disambiguation)
Pedestrian (disambiguation)
Pedo (disambiguation), various meanings, most prominently as a prefix
All pages with titles beginning with PED
All pages with titles containing ped
Pes (disambiguation)- Source: Ped-
The word root ped- (usually in the combining forms peda-, pedi-, and pedo-) in English and various other Western languages has multiple Latin and Ancient Greek roots, and multiple meanings. Ped- (sometimes spelled paed-, pæd-, or rarely paid-, depending on the word and the language or dialect) is a root in English and many other Western languages, often with divergent spellings, such as pet-, pie-, pei-, etc.
Meanings
Ped- conveys multiple meanings, from different Latin and Ancient Greek root words:
'Relating to feet', in words (e.g. pedestrian, pedicure) derived from Latin pes, genitive pedis, 'foot', from the Proto-Indo-European stem *ped- with the same meaning. Romance languages' words from this Latin root often take pie- spellings, as in medieval French and Italian piedmont 'foothill' (modern French piémont, Occitan piemont, Italian piemonte or pedemontano), and Spanish pie, pies 'foot, feet'. Many words in English and other Western languages relating to feet instead use the Greek-derived cognate pod- (e.g. podiatrist), and the Greek-derived -pus may also be used (as in octopus).
'Relating to children', from Greek pais (παῖς), meaning 'child', which derived from the Proto-Indo-European stem *peu-, meaning 'small', 'young', or 'few'. It is usually spelled ped- in North American English (as in pediatrics and pedophilia), and pronounced or depending on the word. In Commonwealth English it is more often paed- (e.g. paediatrics, paedophilia), sometimes with a ligature as pæd-, and almost always pronounced . Rarely in English, words from this root may take an initial paid- (e.g. paidology), or take only a ped- not paed- spelling (pedagogy).
'Relating to soil', from the Ancient Greek word for 'soil, the ground', pédon or pēdón (πέδον, πηδόν), and 'a plain or field' pedíon (πεδίον)
'Relating to flatulence', from Latin pēdō (infinitive pēdere, 'to fart'), the root for words relating to flatulation in several Indo-European languages;
In meanings 2, 3, and 4, the spelling remains ped- in Commonwealth English words that begin with these letters. Not all derived words do; e.g., petard (a small bomb) is from meaning 4, and entered English from Middle French pétard for the same thing (originally literally meaning 'fart', it remains an uncommon Modern French word for 'firecracker').
Relating to children
Commonly in English, it is from the Greek pais (παῖς), originally meaning 'boy'. as well as 'child'. Contemporarily, it is more associated with the word 'child'. Words derived from this particular root are spelled paed- most cases in Commonwealth English varieties (formerly with a ligature, pæd-).
Pederasty (paederasty), a relationship between an older man and an adolescent boy
Pediatrics (paediatrics), the branch of medicine devoted to the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents
Pedology (paedology, also rarely paidology), scientific study of children's behavior and development
Pedophilia (paedophilia), a paraphilia involving sexual attraction to pre-pubescent children
"Pedo" or "paedo", slang for "p[a]edophile"
Pedophile Group, a Danish organization active from 1985 to 2004
Pedobear, an Internet meme
Relating to feet
Meanings related to feet are from Latin pes (pedis, 'foot'):
Pedestal
Pedestrian
Pedicab
Pedicure
Pedometer
Pedal
Podiatrist
A Greek-derived equivalent, pod-, is often employed instead, as in "podiatry". The Greek-based -pus conveys the same meaning, as in "octopus".
Relating to soil or plains
Ped- can also refer to soil. This root is from Greek pédon (πέδον, 'soil', 'the ground')
Ped, a unit of soil
Pedon, the smallest unit of soil that exemplifies its character
Pedalfer, a type of soil containing aluminum and iron oxides
Pedion, a single-faced crystal; also (capitalized) a brand name of tablet computer; both via analogy with a flat plain or field
Pedocal, a subdivision of the zonal soil order
Pedodiversity, variation in soil properties
Pedogenesis, the process by which soil is formed
Pedology, scientific study of soils
Pedometrics, the study of soil formation
Pedometric mapping, creation of maps based on soil properties
Pedosphere, the outermost layer of the Earth, composed of soil
Pedotope, total soil component of the abiotic matrix present in an ecotope
Pedotransfer function, predictive functions of certain soil properties from more easily measured properties
The derived Greek word and pedíon (πεδίον, 'field or plain')
Relating to flatulence
Another meaning, relating to flatulence, is from Latin pēdō (infinitive pēdere, 'to fart'). It does not appear in English except in loan words but is the root for words referring to flatulation in several Western languages, often in modified form such as pet-
Petard, an obsolete type of bomb used for breaching walls and gates
Spanish pedo and many other words in Romance languages that more literally pertain to passing gas
Other uses
It may also be used at the end of a word, as with encyclopedia (encyclopaedia), and orthopedics (orthopaedics).
Some common English words with this derivation include:
Pedagogy, the study of teaching and approaches to it; the theory and practice of education.
References
- Source: Ped
In soil science, peds are aggregates of soil particles formed as a result of pedogenic processes; this natural organization of particles forms discrete units separated by pores or voids. The term is generally used for macroscopic (visible; i.e. greater than 1 mm in size) structural units when observing soils in the field. Soil peds should be described when the soil is dry or slightly moist, as they can be difficult to distinguish when wet.
There are five major classes of macrostructure seen in soils: platy, prismatic, columnar, granular, and blocky. There are also structureless conditions. Some soils have simple structure, each unit being an entity without component smaller units. Others have compound structure, in which large units are composed of smaller units separated by persistent planes of weakness.
Types of soil structures
= Platy
=
In platy structure, the units are flat and platelike. They are generally oriented horizontally. A special form, lenticular platy structure, is recognized for plates that are thickest in the middle and thin toward the edges. Platy structure is usually found in subsurface soils that have been subject to leaching or compaction by animals or machinery. The plates can be separated with a little effort by prying the horizontal layers with a pen knife. Platy structure tends to impede the downward movement of water and plant roots through the soil.
They are found most frequently in the C, E, Bs and K horizons as well as in sesquioxides (very old soils that are rich in iron and magnesium).
= Prismatic
=
In the prismatic structure, the individual units are bounded by flat to rounded vertical faces. Units are distinctly longer vertically, and the faces are typically casts or molds of adjoining units. Vertices are angular or subrounded; the tops of the prisms are somewhat indistinct and normally flat. Prismatic structures are characteristic of the B horizons or subsoils. The vertical cracks result from freezing and thawing and wetting and drying as well as the downward movement of water and roots.
= Columnar
=
In the columnar structure, the units are similar to prisms and are bounded by flat or slightly rounded vertical faces. The tops of columns, in contrast to those of prisms, are very distinct and normally rounded. Columnar structure is common in the subsoil of sodium affected soils and soils rich in swelling clays such as the smectites and the kandite Halloysite. Columnar structure is very dense and it is very difficult for plant roots to penetrate these layers. Techniques such as deep plowing have helped to restore some degree of fertility to these soils.
= Blocky
=
In blocky structure, the structural units are blocklike or polyhedral. They are bounded by flat or slightly rounded surfaces that are casts of the faces of surrounding peds. Typically, blocky structural units are nearly equidimensional but grade to prisms and to plates. The structure is described as angular blocky if the faces intersect at relatively sharp angles; as subangular blocky if the faces are a mixture of rounded and plane faces and the corners are mostly rounded. Blocky structures are common in subsoil but also occur in surface soils that have a high clay content. The strongest blocky structure is formed as a result of swelling and shrinking of the clay minerals which produce cracks. Sometimes the surface of dried-up sloughs and ponds shows characteristic cracking and peeling due to clays.
= Granular
=
In the granular structure, the structural units are approximately spherical or polyhedral and are bounded by curved or very irregular faces that are not casts of adjoining peds. In other words, they look like cookie crumbs. Granular structure is common in the surface soils of rich grasslands and highly amended garden soils with high organic matter content. Soil mineral particles are both separated and bridged by organic matter breakdown products, and soil biota exudates, making the soil easy to work. Cultivation, earthworms, frost action and rodents mix the soil and decrease the size of the peds. This structure allows for good porosity and easy movement of air and water. This combination of ease in tillage, good moisture and air handling capabilities, and good structure for planting and germination, are definitive of the phrase good tilth.
See also
Soil structure
Soil type
Soil horizon
References
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