• Source: Pemberontakan Katolik terhadap Jerman Nazi

Pemberontakan Katolik terhadap Nazisme adalah sebuah komponen dari pemberontakan Jerman terhadap Nazisme dan Pemberontakan pada Perang Dunia II. Gereja di Jerman melawan Kenaikan Nazisme, namun berupaya berkompromi saat Hitler memenangkan kekuasaan. Dari pencanangan kekuasaan Nazi pada 1933, isu-isu yang memuatkan Gereja berkonflik dengan rezim tersebut dan penindasan Gereja membuat Paus Pius XI mengecam kebijakan-kebijakan Pemerintah Nazi dalam ensiklik kepausan tahun 1937 Mit brennender Sorge. Penerusnya Pius XII menghadapi tahun-tahun perang dan menyediakan bantuan kepada Sekutu. Meskipun umat Katolik bertarung di kedua belah pihak dan baik gereja-gereja Katolik maupun Protestan sebagai lembaga dipersiapkan untuk secara terbuka melawan Negara Nazi, gereja-gereja tersebut menyediakan pusat-pusat terawal dan paling mendorong perlawanan sistematis terhadpa kebijakan-kebijakan Nazi, dan moralitas Kristen dan kebijakan-kebijakan anti-Gereja Nazi memotivasi beberapa pemberontak Jerman dan menyediakan penanaman moral bagi orang-orang dalam upaya mereka untuk melengserkan Hitler.




Referensi


Berben, Paul (1975). Dachau, 1933-1945: the official history. Norfolk Press. ISBN 978-0-85211-009-6.
Blett, Pierre (1997). Pie XII et la Seconde Guerre mondiale [Pius XII and the Second World War] (dalam bahasa French). Tempus. ISBN 978-2-262-02362-1. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
Bonney, Richard (2009). Confronting the Nazi War on Christianity: The Kulturkampf Newsletters, 1936-1939. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-03911-904-2.
Bullock, Alan (1991). Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-092020-3.
Conway, John S. (2001) [1968]. The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933-1945. Regent College Publishing. ISBN 978-1-57383-080-5.
Davies, Norman (2003). Rising '44: The Battle for Warsaw. Viking. ISBN 978-0-330-48863-1.
Evans, Richard J. (2009). The Third Reich at War. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-206-3.
Fest, Joachim C. (1997). Plotting Hitler's Death: The German Resistance to Hitler, 1933-1945. Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-0040-9.
Fulbrook, Mary (1991). Fontana History of Germany, 1918-1990: The Divided Nation. Fontana Press. ISBN 978-0-00-686111-9.
Gilbert, Martin (1986). The Holocaust: the Jewish tragedy. Collins. ISBN 0-00-216305-5.
Gilbert, Martin (2004). The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-4299-0036-2.
Gilbert, Martin (2006). Kristallnacht: Prelude to Destruction. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-112135-7.
Gill, Anton (1994). An Honourable Defeat: A History of German Resistance to Hitler, 1933-1945. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0-8050-3515-5.
Graml, Hermann; Mommsen, Hans; Reichhardt, Hans-Joachim; Wolf, Ernst (1970). The German Resistance to Hitler. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-01662-0.
Hamerow, Theodore S. (1997). On the Road to the Wolf's Lair: German Resistance to Hitler. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-63680-4.
Hebblethwaite, Peter (1993). Paul VI: The First Modern Pope. Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-0461-1.
Hitler's Table Talk: His Private Conversations. Diterjemahkan oleh Cameron, Norman; Stevens, R.H. Enigma. 2000. ISBN 1-929631-05-7.
Hoffmann, Peter (1977). The History of the German Resistance 1933–1945 (edisi ke-Third, First English). London: McDonald & Jane's.
Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-07562-5.
Kershaw, Ian (2015). The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4742-4094-9.
Lapide, Pinchas (1967). Three Popes and the Jews. Hawthorn Books.
Lewy, Guenter (2000) [1964]. The Catholic Church And Nazi Germany. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-7867-5161-7.
O'Shea, Paul Damian (2008). A Cross Too Heavy: Eugenio Pacelli : Politics and the Jews of Europe, 1917-1943. Rosenberg. ISBN 978-1-877058-71-4.
Phayer, Michael (2000). The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21471-8.
Pius XI (14 March 1937). "Mit brennender Sorge: Encyclical of Pop Pius XI on the Church and the German Reich". Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
Pius XII (20 October 1939). "Summi Pontificatus: Encyclical of Pope Pius XII on the Unity of Human Society". Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
Shirer, William L. (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. London: Secker & Warburg.




Further reading


Thomas, Gordon (2013). The Pope's Jews: The Vatican 's Secret Plan to Save Jews from the Nazis. Robson. ISBN 978-1-84954-506-8.
Levai, Jenő (1968). Hungarian Jewry and the Papacy. Pope Pius XII Did Not Remain Silent. Reports, Documents and Records from Church and State Archives. Diterjemahkan oleh Foster, J.R. London: Sands.
DiGiovanni, Stephen M., Msgr (2001). "Pius XII and the Jews: The War Years as Reported by the New York Times" (PDF). Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion. 3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-09-15. Diakses tanggal 2017-10-25.
Frain, John (2009). The Cross and the Third Reich: Catholic Resistance in the Nazi Era. Family Education Trust. ISBN 978-1-871217-95-7.
Boeselager, Philipp Frieherr von (2009). Valkyrie: The Story of the Plot to Kill Hitler by its Last Member. Diterjemahkan oleh Rendall, Steven. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-27075-7.
Fleming, Brian (2008). The Vatican Pimpernel: The World War II Exploits of the Monsignor Who Saved Over 6,500 Lives. Skyhorse. ISBN 978-1-62087-756-2.
Dalin, David G., Rabbi (2012) [2005]. The Myth of Hitler's Pope: Pope Pius XII And His Secret War Against Nazi Germany. Regnery Publishing, Incorporated, An Eagle Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-59698-185-0.
Hastings, Derek (2010). Catholicism and the Roots of Nazism: Religious Identity and National Socialism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-988924-2.




Pranala luar


Resisting on the Basis of Catholic Beliefs; The German Resistance Memorial Centre.
Encyclopedia Britannica – Reflections on the Holocaust: Pius XII
The Record of Pius XII's Opposition to Hitler; published by CatholicCulture.Org
"They Must Never Be Forgotten: Priests and Nuns Who Rescued People From the Holocaust" Diarsipkan 2018-09-04 di Wayback Machine. published by Catholic Education Resource Centre.
Catholic Martyrs of the Holocaust Diarsipkan 2013-07-12 di Wayback Machine. published by Catholic Education Resource Centre
The Record of Pius XII's Opposition to Hitler; published by CatholicCulture.org
Mit brennender Sorge on the Vatican Website.
Summi Pontificatus on the Vatican Website.
Mystici corporis Christi on the Vatican Website.
The Myth of Hitler's Pope: How Pope Pius XII Rescued Jews from the Nazis; a talk by Rabbi David Dalin on YouTube.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Jerman Nazi
• Pemberontakan Katolik terhadap Jerman Nazi
• Holokaus
• Giuseppe Girotti
• Adolf Hitler
• Swiss
• Sidang Nürnberg
• Yugoslavia
• Perang Dunia I
• Anschluss