- Source: Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis
Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) is an anomaly of the human immune system characterized by mildly elevated levels of white blood cells (called leukocytosis), chronic, stable absolute polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, elevated polyclonal IgM and binucleated cells.
Although cases of non-smoking women or men have been reported, patients are predominantly young smoking women.
Signs and symptoms
Ten percent of patients present with splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Some patients report a varying degree of fatigue, consistent with a chronic fatigue syndrome, or postviral fatigue as seen in EBV infections while others remain asymptomatic.
Genetics
Genetically, PPBL has been associated with a few unusual genetic characteristics. Among them, it is associated with a particular genetic variant of the human leukocyte antigen called HLA-DR7. This variant is normally present in 26% in the Caucasian population. Chromosome analysis has detected an isochromosome +i(3q), with or without premature chromosome condensation. Also, a t(14;18)(q22;21) bcl-2/IgH rearrangement has been described, as usually seen in follicular lymphoma. Immunologically, peripheral B-cells show more functional IgD+ positive CD27 cells than usual.
Prognosis
In the followup of 111 patients, most remained stable and event free. However, two patients developed IgM gammopathy 2 lung cancer; one developed cervical cancer and three developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The possibility of developing a clonal proliferation, malignant lymphoma or secondary solid cancer led the authors to conclude not to classify PPBL as a benign pathology, as has been previously postulated but rather to recommend a careful and continued clinical and biological longterm follow-up.
References
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- 1
- 2
117 min
Up (2009)
Adventure, Animation, Bioskop Online, BioskopKeren, Cinemaindo, Comedy, Dewanonton, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Family, Ganool, gudangmovie, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, USA
Bob Peterson, Lorien McKenna
Caged (2011)
Bioskop Online, BioskopKeren, Cinemaindo, Dewanonton, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, Drama, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Ganool, gudangmovie, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, Thriller, Netherlands
Stephan Brenninkmeijer
The Mill (2023)
Bioskop Online, BioskopKeren, Cinemaindo, Dewanonton, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Ganool, gudangmovie, Horror, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, Science Fiction, USA
Sean King O'Grady
The Conjuring (2013)
Bioskop Online, BioskopKeren, Cinemaindo, Dewanonton, Documentary, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Ganool, gudangmovie, Horror, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, Thriller, USA
James Wan, Jeff Bilger
The Prestige (2006)
Bioskop Online, bioskop21, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, Drama, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Ganool, gudangmovie, gudangmovie21, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Mystery, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Science Fiction, United Kingdom, USA
Steve Gehrke
Crank (2006)
Action, Bioskop Online, bioskop21, BioskopKeren, Cinemaindo, Crime, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Ganool, gudangmovie, gudangmovie21, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, Thriller, USA
Brian Taylor
No More Posts Available.
No more pages to load.
