• Source: Phrynocephalus

Phrynocephalus is a genus which includes 33 species of small and medium-sized agamid lizards, commonly called toadhead agamas or toad-headed agamas, that inhabit open arid and semiarid environments of Asia and Eastern Europe. The systematics of this genus are very complicated with many controversial points of view about the unclear phylogeny of this group. All representatives of this genus have adopted the so-called "sit and wait" hunting strategy and they actively use visual orientation when watching for food. In general, the ecological niche and role of Phrynocephalus species in lizard communities of arid environments of Asia are poorly studied, but seem to be similar to that of Phrynosoma, Cophosaurus, Holbrookia, Uta, and Sceloporus in the New World, as well as Moloch in Australia.




Species


The following 36 species are recognized as being valid.

Phrynocephalus ananjevae Melnikov et al., 2013 – Natalie's toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus arabicus J. Anderson, 1894 – Arabian toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus axillaris Blanford, 1875 – Yarkand toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus clarkorum S.C. Anderson & Leviton, 1967 – Afghan toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus erythrurus Zugmayer, 1909 – Sagus Kul lizard
Phrynocephalus euptilopus Alcock & Finn, 1897 – Alcock's toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus forsythii J. Anderson, 1872 – Forsyth's toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus frontalis Strauch, 1876 – Shansi toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus golubewii Shenbrot & Semyonov, 1990
Phrynocephalus guttatus (Gmelin, 1789) – spotted toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus helioscopus (Pallas, 1771) – sunwatcher toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus hispidus Bedriaga, 1909 – Dzhungar variegated toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus horvathi Méhely, 1909 – Horvath's toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus interscapularis Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856 – Lichtenstein's toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus kulagini Bedriaga, 1909 – Kulagin's variegated toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus lutensis Kamali & S.C. Anderson, 2015 – Lut Desert toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus luteoguttatus Boulenger, 1887 – yellow-speckled toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus maculatus J. Anderson, 1872 – blacktail toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus meridionalis (Dunayev, Solovyeva, & Poyarkov, 2012) – sunwatcher toadhead agama; Fergana toad-headed agama
Phrynocephalus mystaceus (Pallas, 1776) – secret toadhead agama

Phrynocephalus ornatus Boulenger, 1887
Phrynocephalus persicus De Filippi, 1863 – Persian toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus przewalskii Strauch, 1876 – Przewalski's toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus putjatai Bedriaga, 1909
Phrynocephalus raddei Boettger, 1888
Phrynocephalus reticulatus Eichwald, 1831 – reticulated toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus roborowskii Bedriaga, 1906 – Roborowski's toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus rossikowi Nikolsky, 1898 – Uzbekistan toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus saidalievi (Sattorov, 1981) – Fergana toad-headed agama
Phrynocephalus sakoi Melnikov et al., 2015
Phrynocephalus scutellatus (Olivier, 1807) – gray toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus strauchi Nikolsky, 1899 – Strauch's toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus theobaldi Blyth, 1963 – Theobald's toadhead agama, toad-headed lizard, or snow lizard
Phrynocephalus versicolor Strauch, 1876 – Tuvan toadhead agama
Phrynocephalus vindumi Golubev, 1998
Phrynocephalus vlangalii Strauch, 1876 – Ching Hai toadhead agama
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Phrynocephalus.




References






Further reading


"Caup [= Kaup JJ]" (1825). "Einige Bemerkungen zu Merrems Handbuch [= Some Remarks on Merrem's Handbook]". Isis von Oken 16: 589–593. (Phrynocephalus, new genus, p. 591). (in German).

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Phrynocephalus roborowskii
• Phrynocephalus putjatai
• Phrynocephalus ornatus
• Phrynocephalus interscapularis
• Phrynocephalus axillaris
• Phrynocephalus sakoi
• Phrynocephalus rossikowi
• Phrynocephalus przewalskii
• Phrynocephalus maculatus
• Phrynocephalus lutensis
• Phrynocephalus
• Phrynocephalus mystaceus
• Thorny devil
• Phrynocephalus arabicus
• Phrynocephalus lutensis
• Phrynocephalus saidalievi
• Phrynocephalus theobaldi
• Phrynocephalus vlangalii
• Phrynocephalus rossikowi
• Phrynocephalus guttatus