- Source: Picuris language
Picuris (also Picurís) is a language of the Northern Tiwa branch of Tanoan spoken in Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico.
Genealogical relations
Picuris is partially mutually intelligible with Taos dialect, spoken at Taos Pueblo. It is slightly more distantly related to Southern Tiwa (spoken at Isleta Pueblo and Sandia Pueblo).
Phonology
The consonants /b, d, ɡ, ɾ/ are only found in recent Spanish loanwords.
G. Trager (1942, 1943) analyzed Picuris as also having aspirated stops /pʰ, tʰ/, ejective stops /pʼ, tʼ, tʃʼ, kʼ/, and labialized /kʷ, kʼʷ, xʷ/. These are considered by F. Trager (1971) to be sequences of /ph, th/, /pʔ, tʔ, tʃʔ, kʔ/, and /kw, kʔw, xw/.
Velar /x/ has strong frication.
Stops /p, t, ʔ/ are unaspirated while /k/ may be slightly aspirated.
The affricate /tʃ/ freely varies with a more forward articulation [tʃ~ts]: for example, F. Trager recorded the word /ˈtʃāˈxʌ̀nē/ "witch" with an initial [tʃ] but the related word /ˈtʃāˈxʌ́ˈɬāwēnē/ "witch chief" with initial [tsʲ].
The sequence /kʔw/ is only found in a single word /kʔwìatʃéne/.
Alveolar /n/ has an assimilated velar variant [ŋ] when it precedes labio-velar /w/.
Nasal /m/ in a low-toned syllable is partially devoiced and denasalized [mp] before a glottal stop /ʔ/, as in /ˈʔʌ̀mʔēnē/ "chokecherry" which is phonetically [ˈʌ̀mpʔɛ̄nɛ̄].
Fricative /ɬ/ freely varies between a lateral fricative and a central-lateral fricative sequence [ɬ~sɬ]
Lateral /l/ is palatalized [lʲ] before the high front vowel /i/.
Only the sonorants /m, n, l, w, j/ can occur in syllable coda position.
= Vowels
=Picuris has 6 vowels. Picuris also has nasalized counterparts for each vowel.
Picuris has three degrees of stress: primary, secondary, and unstressed. Stress affects the phonetic length of syllable rimes (lengthening the vowel or the syllable-final sonorant consonant).
Additionally, there are three tones: high, mid, and low — the mid tone being the most frequent.
Text
Two sentences with interlinear glosses:
See also
Picuris Pueblo
Tiwa languages
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Stress, length, and moraic trochees in Northern Tiwa Picurís
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Bahasa di Amerika Serikat
- Picuris language
- Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico
- Taos language
- Tiwa languages
- Southern Tiwa language
- Tanoan languages
- Languages of the United States
- American Sign Language
- Massachusett language
- List of endangered languages in the United States
