• Source: Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which is by far the largest branch (by current speakers) of the Austronesian language family. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian is ancestral to all Austronesian languages spoken outside Taiwan, as well as the Yami language on Taiwan's Orchid Island. The first systematic reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian ("Uraustronesisch") by Otto Dempwolff was based on evidence from languages outside of Taiwan, and was therefore actually the first reconstruction of what is now known as Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.




Phonology






= Consonants

=
The following consonants can be reconstructed for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (Blust 2009):

The phonetic value of the reconstructed sounds *p, *b, *w, *m, *t, *d, *n, *s, *l, *r, *k, *g, *ŋ, *q, *h was as indicated by the spelling. The symbols *ñ, *y, *z, *D, *j, *R are orthographic conventions first introduced by Dyen (1947). The assumed phonetic values are given in the table.
This consonant system is quite similar to the ancestral Proto-Austronesian (PAN) system, but is characterized by three mergers:

PAN *t/*C > PMP *t
PAN *l/*N > PMP *l
PAN *h/*S > PMP *h




= Vowels

=
The Proto-Austronesian vowels *a, *i, *u, *e (*e representing /ə/) and final diphthongs *ay, *aw, *uy, *iw remained unchanged.




Alternative views


In a study from 2016, Roger Blench has raised doubts that there was actually a single unitary Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language. Rather, Malayo-Polynesian expansion across the Luzon Strait consisted of multi-ethnic crews rapidly settling across various locations in maritime Southeast Asia, as suggested by both archaeological and linguistic evidence. There was also a Malayo-Polynesian migration to Hainan; Blench (2016) notes that both Hlai and Austronesian peoples use the foot-braced backstrap loom as well.




Lexicon


Below are selected animal and plant names in Proto-Malayo-Polynesian from the Austronesian Comparative Dictionary.




= Animal names

=




= Plant names

=




See also


Proto-Austronesian language
Proto-Philippine language
Proto-Oceanic language
Proto-Polynesian language




Notes






References






Further reading






External links


ABVD: Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
A Comparison of Austronesian Languages-WebCite query result

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Rumpun bahasa Melayu-Polinesia
• Bahasa Proto-Austronesia
• Bahasa Lampung
• Bahasa Proto-Melayu-Polinesia
• Bahasa Rejang
• Isidore Dyen
• Rumpun bahasa Sumatra Barat Laut–Kepulauan Penghalang
• Rumpun bahasa Oseanik
• Rumpun bahasa Sulawesi Selatan
• Rumpun bahasa Batanik
• Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language
• Malayo-Polynesian languages
• Proto-Polynesian language
• Proto-Austronesian language
• Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
• Western Malayo-Polynesian languages
• History of the Malay language
• Proto-Oceanic language
• Palauan language
• List of proto-languages