• Source: Rishama

A rishama (rišama; riš-ama), rishamma, or rishema (Classical Mandaic: ࡓࡉࡔࡀࡌࡀ, lit. ''head/leader of the people''; Modern Mandaic: rišammā; Arabic: ريش امّة; Persian: ریشا اد اما) is a religious patriarch in Mandaeism. It is the highest rank out of all the Mandaean clergical ranks. The next ranks are the ganzibra and tarmida priests (see Mandaean priest).
In Iraq, the current rishama is Sattar Jabbar Hilo. In Australia, Rishamas are Brikha Nasoraia and Salah Choheili




Etymology


The Mandaic term rišama is derived from the words riš 'head' and ama 'people'. Although the term for the Mandaean daily minor ablution is also spelled the same in written Classical Mandaic (rišama), the word for 'minor ablution' is pronounced in Modern Mandaic as rešāmā, while 'head priest' is pronounced rišammā.




Notable rishama or patriarchs






= Pre-20th century

=
Zazai d-Gawazta bar Hawa, patriarch datable to around the year 270 CE and earliest known copyist of Alma Rišaia Zuṭa, Qulasta, The Thousand and Twelve Questions, The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa, Scroll of Exalted Kingship, and The Wedding of the Great Šišlam. The Ginza Rabba, however, predates Zazai's time.: 157 
Anush bar Danqa, the leader of the Mandaeans, who appeared before Muslim authorities at the beginning of the Muslim conquest of Persia
Yahya Bihram, who revived the entire Mandaean priesthood during the 1830s
Ram Zihrun, who revived the Mandaean priesthood during the 1830s together with his younger cousin Yahya Bihram




= 20th century

=
Dakhil Aidan, patriarch from 1917 to 1964 in Iraq
Abdullah bar Negm (d. 2009; son of Negm bar Zahroon), patriarch in Baghdad who later emigrated to the United Kingdom
Jabbar Choheili (d. 2014), rishama in Iran




= 21st century

=
Sattar Jabbar Hilow, the current Mandaean patriarch in Iraq
Salah Choheili, an Iranian-Australian rishama
Brikha Nasoraia, an Iraqi-Australian rishama




See also


Chief Rabbi
Kohanim
Nasoraeans
Samaritan High Priest
Archbishop




References






External links


The Worlds of Mandaean Priests

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Rishama
• Rishama (ablution)
• Sattar Jabbar Hilow
• Ablution
• Rafid al-Sabti
• Salah Choheili
• Mandaeans
• Shumhata
• Mandaeism
• Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi