• Source: Santee, South Carolina

Santee is a town in Orangeburg County along the Santee River Valley in central South Carolina, United States. It has become a resort town of note located centrally north-south along the Atlantic Seaboard of South Carolina. The region has been rural, with a primarily agricultural economy typical of Orangeburg County, but is now known primarily for its several golf courses in proximity to Lake Marion, Santee State Park and other Lake Marion attractions. Interstate 95 connects its attractions easily with tourists traveling by automobile. I-95 crosses a narrow arm of the lake into the town lands, along a causeway. Lake Marion is a man-made hydroelectric reservoir, which at 110,000 acres (450 km2, 173 sq mi) is one of the fifty largest lakes in the country.
The population was 797 at the 2020 census. The town has been undergoing economic and population growth, and development as rural niches are supplanted by bedroom communities.
Construction of the Santee Cooper Regional Water System can provide millions of gallons of potable water per day to the surrounding five counties centered about Santee. The system was coordinated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and funded by the Army Corps of Engineers, USEPA, and the South Carolina Department of Commerce. The plant was completed and operational as of June 1, 2008. Work to connect the plant to the five counties (Berkeley, Orangeburg, Dorchester, Calhoun, and Sumter) is underway and being overseen and funded by the same parties. Currently, the RWS serves the town of Santee, with pipeline rapidly being installed to other locations. Incoming businesses from this project are projected to bring thousands of jobs to the area.
The Lake Marion High School & Technology Center is located in the town.




Geography


Santee is located at 33°29′N 80°29′W (33.4784, -80.4846).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.3 km2), of which 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2) is land and 0.49% is water.




Main roads


I-95
US 301
US 15
SC 6




Demographics






= 2020 census

=

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 797 people, 394 households, and 241 families residing in the town.




= 2000 census

=
As of the census of 2000, there were 740 people, 310 households, and 221 families residing in the town. The population density was 367.4 inhabitants per square mile (141.9/km2). There were 394 housing units at an average density of 195.6 per square mile (75.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 28.11% White, 70.68% African American, 0.14% Asian, 0.54% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.81% of the population.
There were 310 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.0% were married couples living together, 26.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 25.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 73.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 66.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $22,292, and the median income for a family was $28,393. Males had a median income of $27,083 versus $16,650 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,353. About 27.5% of families and 32.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 46.1% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over.




Education


Santee has a public library, a branch of the Orangeburg County Library.




Notable person


Robert Blake, Medal of Honor recipient.
James Clyburn, US representative




References






External links



Information about Santee from Orangeburg County
• Source: Santee (South Carolina)

The Santee were a historic tribe of Native Americans that once lived in South Carolina within the counties of Clarendon and Orangeburg, along the Santee River. The Santee were a small tribe even during the early eighteenth century and were primarily centered in the area of the present-day town of Santee, South Carolina. Their settlement along the Santee River has since been dammed and is now called Lake Marion. The Santee Indian Organization, a state-recognized tribe within South Carolina claim descent from the historic Santee people but are not presently federally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.




Etymology


While few words of the Santee language have been preserved, scholars like John R. Swanton, have historically maintained that there is little doubt that the tribe once spoke a Siouan-Catawban language. Frank Speck, a prominent anthropologist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania during the early twentieth century, suggested that the name Santee derived from iswan'ti, Catawban for 'the river' or 'the river is there'.
The tribe has sometimes been confused with the Santee, another Siouan speaking people primarily situated within the Dakotas, Minnesota, and Manitoba, Canada, due to the similarity of their names.




History


The Santee people's earliest documented presence with a high degree of certainty can be traced back to the early seventeenth century, specifically through the accounts of Captain Francisco Fernandez de Eçija. Eçija, a Spaniard dispatched from St. Augustine, Florida, on two separate occasions in 1605 and 1609 searched for an English colony rumored to be in the Carolinas but failed in both instances to find any evidence of English settlement. During his missions, Eçija did, however, document the presence of the Santee people living along the modern-day Santee River, providing the earliest known documentation on the tribe's geographic location.
On June 20, 1672, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, wrote to the prominent Englishman, Captain Maurice Mathews, acknowledging that the Santee people had recently chosen Mathews as their cassique and approved his decision to first seek approval from the Governor and Council before accepting the position. On January 15, 1675, Mathews submitted a report to the Council, indicating that the Santee people had approached him with a request for guidance in selecting a location to establish a town. Mathews subsequently directed them to establish their settlement on the banks of Wadboo Creek, situated directly across the Cooper River. Mathews served as the overseer of Mepkin Plantation, a substantial estate spanning 3,000 acres situated along the Western Branch of the Cooper River, directly opposite the present-day location of Moncks Corner, South Carolina. This plantation is thought to have either encompassed or was in immediate proximity to the location of the Santee town.
In 1700, the Santee were visited by English explorer, John Lawson who found their towns, which he referred to as plantations, extending for many miles along the Santee River. At the time of Lawson's visit their warriors were at war with the Winyaw near the coast. Lawson describe the tribe's main settlement as being near several burial mounds, including the Fort Watson Mound. Lawson described encountering King of the Santee as well as the chief doctor of the tribe, in addition to other tribal members, including a hunter and his wife. Later, he and his party spent the night in three cabins at the village of Hickerau, or Black House, near modern Summerton, South Carolina. The following day the party traveled to a temporary hunting encampment located between this village and the High Hills of Santee, where they met and hired a guide referred to as Santee Jack. Jack and his wife escorted Lawson and his party to a town of Congaree people, thought to be located near present-day Camden, South Carolina.
During the Tuscarora War the Santee furnished Anglo-Irish soldier, John Barnwell with a contingent of their warriors for his Tuscarora campaign between 1711 and 1712, but just a few years later during the Yamasee War fought against the colonists. In late 1716, the English along with the Etiwan and Cusabo, tribes that had remained allied with colonists, captured the entirety of the Santee tribe, lodging them in jail within the city of Charleston, South Carolina. It was discovered that some among them were Congaree and that three were Etiwan wives of Santee men with children who were considered to be Etiwan by matriarchal descent. Eventually, the Santee men captured at two Santee villages on Santee River were shipped to the West Indies to be sold as slaves, with the women and children of the village being delivered to the Etiwan tribe as slaves.
In 1715, just prior to hostilities, a census recorded the Santee population as consisting of two villages with forty-three men. Traditionally, it was widely believed that the tribe had been completely annihilated as a result of the Yamasee War, influenced by a statement from the British Public Record Office suggesting their extinction before 1716. However, 20th-century historians, notably Chapman J. Milling, provided evidence that some Santee individuals had indeed survived the war. This evidence was corroborated by a December 10, 1716 record documenting a violent encounter in which a few Santee were involved in the murder of colonists, leading to their capture and subsequent confession to the additional murder of two Catawba individuals, indicating the survival of at least small Santee population. Some historians have speculated that there may have been families of mixed Santee heritage still living during the mid eighteenth century. This speculation is based on an October 26, 1766 notice in the South Carolina Gazette. A notice describes a man named Simon Flowers as an American Indian or Mustee, aged thirty-six, born at Santee River. He had distinctive facial tattoos, which he mentioned were also applied to his siblings by their father during their childhood. Flowers indicated that he was a free person of color and that his family still resided along the Santee River.




Governance and culture


Explorer John Lawson noted a distinct governance system among the Santee, setting them apart from neighboring tribes. Their nation was characterized by a form of despotism, where the chief held absolute authority, including the power of life and death over his people. This authoritative practice was inherited hereditarily from the previous chief. Distinguished members of the Santee adorned themselves with robes crafted from feathers, while other garments and sashes were often woven from animal hair. The tribe utilized provision houses, raised on posts and coated with clay, for storing their corn, a practice shared with several other Southeastern tribes.




= Burial customs

=
Notably, Santee rulers were interred atop mounds constructed in accordance with their status within the tribe, with a roof supported by poles sheltering their graves from the elements.

Upon the death of other tribe members, a different tradition was observed. Their remains were left exposed on a platform for several days, during which a close relative with a blackened face would recite a eulogy. Eventually, the bones of these individuals were wrapped in possum fur cloth and annually cleaned and oiled. Some Santee families retained the bones of their ancestors for multiple generations, a practice also common among the Choctaw, Nanticoke, and several other indigenous tribes.
The Santee Indian Mound near Summerton, South Carolina was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.




= Religion

=
Thomas Ashe, who published a report on South Carolina in 1682 under commission of the King of England, described the religious beliefs of the Santee as centering on the adoration of the sun and moon, noting that at the appearance of the new moon he witnessed tribal members "with open extended arms, then folded, with inclined bodies, to make their adoration with much ardency and passion".




Legacy


It has been traditionally thought that the remainder of the Santee people incorporated with the Catawba Nation following the Yamasee War; however, in 1981, between 750 and 1,000 individuals claimed Santee heritage within the White Oak Indian Community, about a mile and half north of Holly Hill, South Carolina. This community is state-recognized as the Santee Indian Organization by the South Carolina Commission of Minority Affairs but is not presently recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Namesakes of the tribe include:

High Hills of Santee
Santee Cooper
Santee Indian Mound and Fort Watson
Santee River
Santee, South Carolina




References






External links


South Carolina - Indians, Native Americans - Santee

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