• Source: Satureja

Satureja is a genus of aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae, related to rosemary and thyme. It is native to North Africa, southern and southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia. A few New World species were formerly included in Satureja, but they have all been moved to other genera. Several species are cultivated as culinary herbs called savory, and they have become established in the wild in a few places.




Description


Satureja species may be annual or perennial. They are low-growing herbs and subshrubs, reaching heights of 15–50 cm (5.9–19.7 in).
The leaves are 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) long, with flowers forming in whorls on the stem, white to pale pink-violet.




Ecology and cultivation


Satureja species are food plants for the larva of some Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). Caterpillars of the moth Coleophora bifrondella feed exclusively on winter savory (S. montana).
Savory may be grown purely for ornamental purposes; members of the genus need sun and well-drained soil.




Uses



Both summer savory (Satureja hortensis) and winter savory (Satureja montana) are used to flavor food. The former is preferred by cooks but as an annual is only available in summer; winter savory is an evergreen perennial.
Savory plays an important part in Persian, Armenian, Georgian, Bulgarian and Italian cuisine, particularly when cooking beans. It is also used to season the traditional Acadian stew known as fricot. The modern spice mixture Herbes de Provence has savory as one of the principal ingredients.
In Azerbaijan, savory is often incorporated as a flavoring in black tea.




Species



Source:

Satureja adamovicii Šilic – Balkans
Satureja aintabensis P.H.Davis – Turkey
Satureja amani P.H.Davis – Turkey
Satureja atropatana Bunge – Iran
Satureja avromanica Maroofi – Iran
Satureja bachtiarica Bunge – Iran
Satureja boissieri Hausskn. ex Boiss. – Turkey, Iran
Satureja bzybica Woronow – Caucasus
Satureja × caroli-paui G.López – Spain (S. innota × S. montana)
Satureja cilicica P.H.Davis – Turkey
Satureja coerulea Janka – Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey
Satureja cuneifolia Ten – Spain, Italy, Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, Iraq
Satureja × delpozoi Sánchez-Gómez, J.F.Jiménez & R.Morales – Spain (S. cuneifolia × S. intricata var. gracilis)
Satureja edmondii Briq. – Iran
A recent study found the essential oils of Satureja edmondii have antimicrobial properties and can protect food from S. aureus. The test was conducted on commercial soup products.
Satureja × exspectata G.López – Spain (S. intricata var. gracilis × S. montana)
Satureja fukarekii Šilic – Yugoslavia
Satureja hellenica Halácsy – Greece
Satureja hortensis L. – summer savory – Italy, Bulgaria, Albania, Yugoslavia, Crimea, Caucasus, Altai Republic, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, western Himalayas; naturalized in western Mediterranean, Persian Gulf sheikdoms, Cuba, Dominican Republic, scattered locations in United States
The heterogeneous mixture of the Satureja hortensis L. essential oil in water serves as a natural herbicide. The addition of this mixture inhibits the root elongation of weeds which reduces the weed's root-to-shoot ratio. This further reduces the weed's cell division and inhibits its germination, growth, and physiological processes.
Satureja horvatii Šilic – Greece, Yugoslavia
Satureja icarica P.H.Davis – Greek Islands
Satureja innota (Pau) Font Quer – Spain
Satureja intermedia C.A.Mey. – Iran, Caucasus
Satureja intricata Lange – Spain
Satureja isophylla Rech.f. – Iran
Satureja kallarica Jamzad – Iran
Satureja kermanshahensis Jamzad – Iran
Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad – Iran
Essential oils of Satureja khuzistanica have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties which can be useful in medical treatments. A recent study found that higher concentrations of essential oils of Satureja khuzistanica helped reduce adverse effects of traumatic brain injuries in rats.
Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. – Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia
Satureja laxiflora K.Koch – Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Caucasus
Satureja linearifolia (Brullo & Furnari) Greuter – Cyrenaica region of Libya
Satureja macrantha C.A.Mey. – Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Caucasus
Satureja metastasiantha Rech.f. – Iraq
Satureja montana L. – winter savory – southern Europe, Turkey, Syria
Satureja mutica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. – Caucasus, Iran, Turkmenistan
Satureja nabateorum Danin & Hedge – Jordan
Satureja × orjenii Šilic – Yugoslavia (S. horvatii × S. montana)
Satureja pallaryi J.Thiébaut – Syria
Satureja parnassica Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss. – Greece, Turkey
Satureja pilosa Velen. – Italy, Greece, Bulgaria
Satureja rumelica Velen. – Bulgaria
Satureja sahendica Bornm. – Iran
Satureja salzmannii (Kuntze) P.W.Ball – Morocco, Spain
Satureja spicigera (K.Koch) Boiss. – Turkey, Iran, Caucasus
Satureja spinosa L. – Turkey, Greek Islands including Crete
Satureja subspicata Bartl. ex Vis. – Austria, Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Italy
Satureja taurica Velen. – Crimea
Satureja thymbra L. – Libya, southeastern Europe from Sardinia to Turkey; Cyprus, Lebanon, Palestine
Satureja thymbrifolia Hedge & Feinbrun – Israel, Saudi Arabia
Satureja visianii Šilic. – Yugoslavia
Satureja wiedemanniana (Avé-Lall.) Velen. – Turkey




= Formerly in Satureja

=
Browne's savory, Clinopodium brownei (as Satureja brownei)
San Miguel Savory, Clinopodium chandleri (as Satureja chandleri)
Large-flowered calamint, Clinopodium grandiflorum (as Satureja grandiflora)
Stone mint, Cunila mariana (as Satureja origanoides)
Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele = Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze
Satureja alpina (L.) Scheele = Clinopodium alpinum (L.) Kuntze
Satureja biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Benth = Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Benth
Satureja gilliesii (Graham) Briq. = Clinopodium chilense (Benth.) Govaerts
Satureja mexicana (Benth.) Briq. = Clinopodium mexicanum (Benth.) Govaerts
Satureja multiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq. – Chilean shrub mint = Clinopodium multiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze
Satureja palmeri (A.Gray) Briq. (believed extinct; rediscovered 2001) = Clinopodium palmeri (A.Gray) Kuntze
Satureja paradoxa (Vatke) Engl. ex Seybold = Clinopodium paradoxum (Vatke) Ryding
Satureja robusta (Hook.f) Brenan = Clinopodium robustum (Hook.f) Ryding
Satureja viminea L. – serpentine savory = Clinopodium vimineum (L.) Kuntze
Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritschl = Clinopodium vulgare L.
Satureja vernayana Brenan = Clinopodium vernayanum (Brenan) Ryding
Satureja douglasii (Benth.) Briq. – yerba buena (syn. S. chamissonis) = Micromeria douglasii Benth




Etymology


The etymology of the Latin word "satureia" is unclear. Speculation that it is related to saturare, to satyr, or to za'atar is not well supported. The ancient Hebrew name is Tzatrah צתרה.




Notes






External links


Media related to Satureja at Wikimedia Commons

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Saturiya
• Za'atar
• Lamiaceae
• Daftar tumbuhan endemik di Balkan
• Flora Lebanon
• Daftar padanan istilah tata boga
• Timol
• Satureja
• Winter savory
• Summer savory
• Za'atar
• Clinopodium douglasii
• Satureja thymbra
• Savory
• Satureja gilliesii
• List of culinary herbs and spices
• Yerba buena