- Source: Sect
- Source: SECT
A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, typically emerging as an offshoot of a larger organization. Originally, the term referred specifically to religious groups that had separated from a main body, but it can now apply to any group that diverges from a larger organization to follow a distinct set of beliefs and practices. Sects often form when there is a perception of heresy either within the subgroup or from the larger group.
In an Indian context, sect refers to an organized tradition.
Etymology
The word sect originates from the Latin noun secta (a feminine form of a variant past participle of the verb sequi, to follow) which translates to "a way, road". Figuratively, it signifies a (prescribed) way, mode, or manner. Metonymously, sect refers to a discipline or school of thought as defined by a set of methods and doctrines. The various modern usages of the term stem largely from confusion with the homonymous (but etymologically unrelated) Latin word secta (the feminine form of the past participle of the verb secare, to cut).
Sociological definitions and descriptions
Sociologists have developed various definitions and descriptions for the term "sect." Early scholars like Max Weber and Ernst Troeltsch (1912) were among the first to define sects within the church-sect typology, viewing them as voluntary associations of individuals who meet specific religious qualifications. Unlike churches, membership in a sect is not inherited at birth; rather, it arises from a person's voluntary acceptance of the sect's doctrines and disciplines, which requires ongoing validation from both the follower and the sect itself. Sects often attract individuals from marginalized or underprivileged social groups and typically form from schisms within established churches that align with the dominant social order.
Sects frequently critique liberal trends within mainstream denominations, advocating for a return to what they view as authentic religious practices. Their beliefs and practices are usually more radical and ethically strict than those of mainstream churches, acting as a form of protest against the prevailing societal values. The American sociologists Rodney Stark and William Sims Bainbridge argue that sects present themselves as authentic, reformed versions of the faith they have separated from, maintaining a high degree of tension with the surrounding society. They further assert that sects have, in contrast to churches, a high degree of tension with the surrounding society. Other sociologists, like Fred Kniss, suggest that sectarianism is best understood through the lens of what the sect opposes. Some religious groups may be in tension primarily with other co-religious groups of different ethnic backgrounds, while others may conflict with society at large rather than the church they originally separated from.
Sectarianism in the sociology of religion, is sometimes defined as a worldview that emphasizes the unique legitimacy of a sect's creed and practices, often heightening tension with broader society by maintaining strict boundaries.
In his book The Road to Total Freedom, the English sociologist Roy Wallis describes that a sect is characterized by "epistemological authoritarianism": meaning it has an authoritative source for determining heresy. According to Wallis, sects claim to have unique and privileged access to truth or salvation, and their followers often view those outside the group as being in error. In contrast, Wallis describes cults as being marked by "epistemological individualism,"
In other languages
The corresponding words for "sect" in European languages other than English – Sekte (German), secte (French), secta (Spanish, Catalan), sectă (Romanian), setta (Italian), seita (Portuguese, Galician), sekta (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian, Latvian, Lithuanian), sekt (Danish, Estonian, Norwegian, Swedish), sekte (Dutch), szekta (Hungarian), секта (Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian), σέχτα (Greek) – refer to a harmful religious sect and translate into English as "cult".
In Buddhism
The Macmillan Encyclopedia of Religion distinguishes three types of classification of Buddhism, separated into "Movements", "Nikāyas" and "Doctrinal schools":
Schools:
Theravada, primarily in South Asia and Southeast Asia;
Mahāyāna, primarily in East Asia;
Vajrayāna, primarily in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Mongolia and the Russian republic of Kalmykia.
Nikāyas, or monastic fraternities, three of which survive at the present day:
Theravāda, in Southeast Asia and South Asia;
Dharmaguptaka, in China, Korea and Vietnam;
Mūlasarvāstivāda, in the Tibetan tradition;
In Christianity
While the historical usage of the term "sect" in Christendom has had pejorative connotations, referring to a group or movement with heretical beliefs or practices that deviate from those of groups considered orthodox, its primary meaning is to indicate a community which has separated itself from the larger body from which its members came.
= Orthodox
== Roman Catholic sects
== Protestant sects
=In Hinduism
The Indologist Axel Michaels writes in his book about Hinduism that in an Indian context the word "sect does not denote a split or excluded community, but rather an organized tradition, usually established by founder with ascetic practices." According to Michaels, "Indian sects do not focus on heresy, since the lack of a center or a compulsory center makes this impossible – instead, the focus is on adherents and followers."
In Islam
Islam was classically divided into two major sects, known as Sunni Islam and Shia Islam. Kharijite and Murijite Islam were two early Islamic sects. Each sect developed several distinct jurisprudence systems reflecting their own understanding of the Islamic law during the course of the history of Islam.
= Current sects
=Sunnis are separated into five maddhabs; Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali and Ẓāhirī. The Shia, on the other hand, first developed Kaysanism, which in turn divided into three major groupings known as Fivers, Seveners and Twelvers. The Zaydis separated first. The non-Zaydis were initially called "Rafida". The Rafidis later divided into two sub-groups known as Imamiyyah and Batiniyyah.
The "Imami-Shi'a" later brought into existence Ja'fari jurisprudence. Akhbarism, Usulism, and Shaykhism were all ensued as variations of "Ja'fari fiqh", while Alawites and Alevis who are not the strict followers of "Ja'farism" are developed separately from the teachings of Ithna'ashari Imāms.
Batiniyya groups, on the other hand, were divided into two sub-groups known as Seveners and Ismā'īlīs. Qarmatians who did not follow the Fatimid Caliphate were branched from the Seveners. Those groups of Batiniyya who followed the Fatimids are the ancestors of today's Ismā'īlīs. Druze was emerged as an offshoot of Ismāʿīlism at the beginning of the 11th Century. Isma'ilism at the end of the 11th Century split into two major branches known as Nizārī Ismā'īlī (Assassins of Alamut) and Musta’li Ismaili. As a result of the assassination of Fatimid Caliph Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah, Mustaali was once more again divided into Hafizis and Taiyabi Ismailis (Dawoodis, Sulaymanis and Alavis).
The Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali Sunnis, the Twelver groups, the Ismā'īlī groups, the Zaydis, the Ibadis, and the Ẓāhirīs continue to exist. In addition, new sects like Black Muslim movements, Quranists, Salafis, Wahhabis, and Zikris have been emerged independently.
= Former sects
=The Khawarij were initially divided into five major branches: Sufris, Azariqa, Najdat, Adjarites and Ibadis.
= Amman Message
=An Islamic convention held in Jordan in July 2005, which brought 200 Muslim scholars from over 50 countries together, announced the official recognition of eight schools of Islamic jurisprudence and the varying schools of Islamic theology. The eight recognized Islamic schools and branches are:
Sunni Hanafi
Sunni Maliki
Sunni Shafi'i
Sunni Hanbali
Shi'i Imāmī (followers of the Ja'fari jurisprudence)
Shi'i Zaydi
Khariji Ibadi
Sunni Ẓāhirī
In Jainism
In Taoism
See also
Non-denominational Islam
Non-denominational Christianity
Non-denominational Judaism
Classifications of religious movements
Cult (religious practice)
New religious movement
One true church
Religious exclusivism
References
External links
Church sect theory by William H. Swatos, Jr . in the Encyclopedia of Religion and Society by Swatos (editor)
Apologetics Index: research resources on cults, sects, and related issues. The publisher operates from an evangelical Christian point of view, but the site links to and presents a variety of viewpoints.
ReligionNewsBlog.com Current news articles about religious cults, sects, and related issues.
SECT is an American-Canadian vegan straight edge band formed in 2015, consisting of vocalist Chris Colohan, guitarists James Chang and Scott Crouse, bassist Steve Hart and drummer Andy Hurley. It released a self-titled debut album in 2016 and, after a signing to Southern Lord, the sophomore No Cure for Death in 2017.
SECT members come from several 1990s and 2000s political hardcore bands, including Cursed, Catharsis, Undying, Earth Crisis, Day Of Suffering, and Racetraitor. The band's musical style has been described as a mix of metallic hardcore and crust punk, and their lyrics tackle several socio-political issues.
History
SECT's origins date back to an Earth Crisis tour where Andy Hurley filled in as temporary drummer and invited guitarist Scott Crouse to form a band. The project swayed in different directions until guitarist Jimmy Chang of Catharsis and Undying joined them and helped to define their style. In the past, Hurley had also talked with vocalist Chris Colohan while he toured with Burning Love about starting a vegan straight edge band, and after trying two or three vocalists for SECT he remembered this and the lineup solidified with Colohan and Earth Crisis bassist Ian Edwards on board.
On June 28, 2016, the band was formally announced and they premiered three songs along with the release date of their self-titled album. On July 8, 2016, a few days after the shootings of Alton Sterling and Philando Castile, SECT released the track "Curfew" accompanied by a statement which condemns "the rising death toll in one of the worst mass murders in modern western history". The song was written in the aftermath of the death of Freddie Gray (April 2015), but they did not release it at the time to "not come off as insensitive, opportune or self-serving".
SECT released their self-titled debut album on August 5, 2016, co-produced and mixed by Crouse and Chang, and mastered by Alan Douches. It was self-released in North America with distribution by Deathwish Inc., and available worldwide from various labels: Reflections in Europe, Alliance Trax in Japan, Caustic in Brazil and Cactus in Malaysia.
In February 2017, SECT signed to Southern Lord Records for their upcoming second album, with Colohan citing their mutual respect and his previous work on the label with Burning Love for this. In March, the band played three shows in the Northeast. On the first weekend of July, they began their recording sessions. On October 11, 2017, SECT announced No Cure for Death, produced by Kurt Ballou at his GodCity Studio and mastered by Douches, in addition to Steve Hart of Day of Suffering joining as new bassist. On October 25, the band premiered the song "Open Grave" and on November 9, a music video was released for the track "Day for Night", directed by Justin Reich. The album was released on November 24, 2017. From the release date to December 10, the band toured the American Northwest, Vancouver, and the American Northeast. In February 2018, SECT and Die Young played three shows in California, and in March, SECT and Hive toured the Midwest.
From September to early November 2018, Cameron Joplin of Ecostrike filled in as drummer due to Hurley's professional commitments. In November, SECT co-headlined a European tour with Gust and CLEARxCUT. In March 2019, SECT and Earth Crisis toured Japan. From June 29 to July 4, 2019, the band and Terror supported Converge on a European tour. On August 30, 2019, the band released the album Blood of the Beasts.
Musical style and lyrics
Most SECT songs are fast-paced, rarely exceeding two minutes, and feature blast-beats, raspy screamed vocals, a crude, low-tuned guitar tone which uses HM-2 distortion along with noisy feedback, and both atypical breakdowns and song structures. SECT style has been described as "filthy and sinister ... metallic hardcore" and "blasting ugly ... D-beat crustcore". Record label Southern Lord billed them as a "barrage of grinding crust and metallic hardcore wrath". Kerrang! called them a "NAILS-ish vegan straight edge hardcore" band. New Noise Magazine stated that SECT inspirations include D-beat bands including Wolfbrigade, Anti Cimex and Totalitär, in addition to other heavy bands such as Hail of Bullets, Skitsystem and Amebix. Scott Crouse cited His Hero Is Gone, Behemoth and Entombed as main influences on SECT .
SECT lyrics deal with socio-political diatribes against the status quo, which, according to the band, is on the verge of "Orwellian police states and irreparable social and ecological disasters". Among its many targets are systemic racism, religious beliefs, nuclear warfare, drug use, ecological catastrophes, economic slavery and the animal industry. SECT members are vegan straight edge. When asked about his lyrical motivation, Chris Colohan said, "Catharsis. ... If music is a vent for your frustrations, and you're drawing those on the bleak, authoritarian, unfair realities of the world around you, you could hardly have a more urgent moment in history to find things to scream about in all directions than the present".
Discography
Studio albums
SECT (2016)
No Cure for Death (2017)
Blood Of The Beasts (2019)
Plagues Upon Plagues (2024)
References
External links
SECT on Bandcamp
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- The Joy of Sect
- Banksia sect. Oncostylis
- Tanda bagian
- Umar bin Khattab
- Partai Pengemis
- Mentigi paya
- Sekte
- Cempaka putih
- Jawa Pos TV Jakarta
- Tusam sumatra
- Sect
- SECT
- The Sect
- Nazarene (sect)
- Astrology of sect
- List of organisations in wuxia fiction
- Quercus subg. Quercus
- Mount Hua Sect
- Subway Sect
- Red Hat sect
Classified (2024)
Action, Bioskop Online, bioskop21, BioskopKeren, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, DramaQu, DutaFilm, Ganool, gudangmovie, gudangmovie21, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, Thriller, United Kingdom, USA
Roel Reiné
I Lost My Body (2019)
Animation, Bioskop Online, bioskop21, BioskopKeren, Cinemaindo, Dewanonton, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, Drama, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Fantasy, Ganool, gudangmovie, gudangmovie21, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, France
Jérémy Clapin
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