- Source: She people
The She people (Chinese: 畲; She Chinese: [sa˦]; Cantonese: [sɛː˩], Fuzhou: [sia˥]) are an ethnic group in China. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.
The She are the largest ethnic minority in Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi Provinces. They are also present in the provinces of Anhui and Guangdong. Some descendants of the She also exist amongst the Hakka minority in Taiwan.
Languages
Today, over 400,000 She people of Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi provinces speak She Chinese, an unclassified Chinese variety that has been heavily influenced by Hakka Chinese.
There are approximately 1,200 She people in Guangdong province who speak a Hmong–Mien language called She, also called Ho Ne meaning "mountain people" (Chinese: 活聂; pinyin: huóniè). Some said they were descendants of Dongyi, Nanman or Yue peoples.
She Chinese (畲话) should not be confused with Shēyǔ (畲语), also known as Ho Ne, which is a Hmong-Mien language spoken in east-central Guangdong. She and Sheyu speakers have separate histories and identities, although both are officially classified by the Chinese government as She people. The Dongjia of Majiang County, Guizhou are also officially classified as She people, but speak a Western Hmongic language closely related to Chong'anjiang Miao (重安江苗语).
History
The She people are some of the earliest known settlers of Guangdong; they are thought to have originally settled along the shallow shore for easier fishing access during the Neolithic era. Eventually, after an influx of Yuet people moved south during the Warring States period, serious competition between the two peoples for resources developed.
From the time of the Qin dynasty on, waves of migrants from northern China have had a serious impact on the She people. Because they possessed superior tools and technology, these migrants were able to displace the She and occupy the better land for farming. As a result of this, some of the She were forced to relocate into the hilly areas of the Jiangxi and Fujian provinces.
Following this relocation, the She people became hillside farmers. Their methods of farming included burning grasses on the slope, casting rice seeds on those embers and then harvesting the produce following the growth season. Some of the She people also participated in the production and trade of salt, obtained from the evaporation of local pools of salt water.
Many conflicts took place between the Han Chinese and She peoples. For example, in one incident, She salt producers on Lantau Island in Hong Kong attacked the city of Canton in a revolt during the Song dynasty.
During the Ming-Qing dynasties they moved into and settled Zhejiang's southern region and mountain districts in the Lower Yangtze region, after they left their homeland in Northern Fujian. It is theorized that the She were pushed out of their land by the Hakka, which caused them to move into Zhejiang.
PRC Autonomous Counties and Ethnic Townships
= Zhejiang
=Hangzhou
Eshan She Ethnic Township (莪山畲族乡) in Tonglu County
Quzhou
Muchen She Ethnic Township (沐尘畲族乡) in Longyou County
Jinhua
Shuiting She Ethnic Township (水亭畲族乡) in Lanxi City
Liucheng She Ethnic Town (柳城畲族镇) in Wuyi County
Wenzhou
Qingjie She Ethnic Township (青街畲族乡) in Pingyang County
Xikeng She Ethnic Town (西坑畲族镇) in Wencheng County
Zhoushan She Ethnic Township (周山畲族乡) in Wencheng County
Fengyang She Ethnic Township (凤阳畲族乡) in Cangnan County
Dailing She Ethnic Township (岱岭畲族乡) in Cangnan County
Siqian She Ethnic Town (司前畲族镇) in Taishun County
Zhuli She Ethnic Township (竹里畲族乡) in Taishun County
Lishui
Jingning She Autonomous County (景宁畲族自治县)
Laozhu She Ethnic Town (老竹畲族镇) in Liandu District
Lixin She Ethnic Township (丽新畲族乡) in Liandu District
Wuxi She Ethnic Township (雾溪畲族乡) in Yunhe County
Anxi She Ethnic Township (安溪畲族乡) in Yunhe County
Zhuyang She Ethnic Township (竹垟畲族乡) in Longquan City
Sanren She Ethnic Township (三仁畲族乡) in Suichang County
Banqiao She Ethnic Township (板桥畲族乡) in Songyang County
= Anhui
=Xuancheng
Yunti She Ethnic Township (云梯畲族乡) in Ningguo City
= Fujian
=Fuzhou
Xiaocang She Ethnic Township (小沧畲族乡) in Lianjiang County
Huoko She Ethnic Township (霍口畲族乡) in Luoyuan County
Ningde
Muyun She Ethnic Township (穆云畲族乡) in Fu'an City
Kangcuo She Ethnic Township (康厝畲族乡) in Fu'an City
Banzhong She Ethnic Township (坂中畲族乡) in Fu'an City
Xiamen She Ethnic Township (硖门畲族乡) in Fuding City
Yantian She Ethnic Township (盐田畲族乡) in Xiapu County
Shuimen She Ethnic Township (水门畲族乡) in Xiapu County
Chongru She Ethnic Township (崇儒畲族乡) in Xiapu County
Zhangzhou
Longjiao She Ethnic Township (隆教畲族乡) in Longhai City
Huxi She Ethnic Township (湖西畲族乡) in Zhangpu County
Chiling She Ethnic Township (赤岭畲族乡) in Zhangpu County
Nanping
ShunChang County
Quanzhou
Dehua County
Longyan
Gongzhuang She Ethnic Township (宫庄畲族乡) in Shanghang County
Lufeng She Ethnic Township (庐丰畲族乡) in Shanghang County
= Jiangxi
=Shangrao
Taiyuan She Ethnic Township (太源畲族乡) in Yanshan County
Huangbi She Ethnic Township (篁碧畲族乡) in Yanshan County
Yingtan
Zhangping She Ethnic Township (樟坪畲族乡) in Guixi City
Fuzhou
Jinzhu She Ethnic Township (金竹畲族乡) in Le'an County
Ganzhou
Chitu She Ethnic Township (赤土畲族乡) in Nankang City
Ji'an
Donggu She Ethnic Township (东固畲族乡) in Qingyuan District
Longgang She Ethnic Township (龙冈畲族乡) in Yongfeng County
Jinping Ethnic Township (金坪民族乡) in Xiajiang County
= Guangdong
=Guangzhou
Zengcheng District
Heyuan
Zhangxi She Ethnic Township (漳溪畲族乡) in Dongyuan County
Distribution of She people in China
The roughly 45,000 She living in Guizhou Province form a separate subgroup, the Dongjia (东家人; Dōngjiā Rén), who differ notably in culture from the She in other areas.
= Provincial level
=In a 2000 census, 709,592 She have been counted in China.
Distribution of She people in China
= District level
=Distribution of She people by district (as of 2000)
Only values of 0.5% and greater have been considered.
Notes and references
You, Wenliang (游文良) (2002). 畲族语言 [The Language of the She people]. Fuzhou: 福建人民出版社 [Fujian People's Press].
www.zgshezu.com/ {畲族网工作室}
External links
Official Website of Jingning She Autonomous County
She Nationality
The She ethnic minority
Chinese Nationalities (She Minority)
畲族网
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