• Source: Smith River (California)

The Smith River (Tolowa: xaa-wvn’-taa-ghii~-li~’, nii~-li~’ ) flows from the Klamath Mountains to the Pacific Ocean in Del Norte County in extreme northwestern California, on the West Coast of the United States. The river, about 25.1 miles (40.4 km) long, all within Del Norte County, flows through the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest, Six Rivers National Forest, and Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park.




Course


The Smith River is formed by the confluence of its Middle Fork and North Fork, near the community of Gasquet. The Middle Fork, 27.8 miles (44.7 km) long, rises in Del Norte County, approximately 60 miles (100 km) northeast of Crescent City, and flows west. The North Fork Smith River, 28.1 miles (45.2 km) long, rises in Oregon on the northeast slope of Chetco Peak. The South Fork Smith River enters the Smith River near the community of Hiouchi. The 43.3-mile-long (69.7 km) fork rises on the eastern edge of the Smith River National Recreation Area, approximately 30 miles (48 km) east-northeast of Crescent City, flowing southwest and then northwest.
From the confluence with the South Fork, the Smith River flows generally northwest, entering the Pacific Ocean near the community of Smith River, approximately 10 miles (16 km) north of Crescent City. Smith River estuary is recognized for protection by the California Bays and Estuaries Policy.




Watershed


The river's watershed catchment area is 719 square miles (1,860 km2). It drains a rugged area of the western Klamath Mountains and Northern Outer California Coast Ranges, west of the Siskiyou Mountains, barely across the Oregon border, and north of the watershed of the Klamath River.
By average discharge, the Smith is the largest river system in California that flows freely along its entire course. The highly variable annual flow is approximately 3,746 cu ft/s (106.1 m3/s), with an average monthly high of 8,432 cu ft/s (238.8 m3/s) in January, and an average low of 336 cu ft/s (9.5 m3/s) in September. The all-time highest flow was 228,000 cubic feet per second (6,500 m3/s) on December 22, 1964, during the Christmas flood of 1964.
The river was named for the explorer Jedediah Smith.




Conservation


The free-flowing nature of the river—without a single dam along its entire length—makes it especially prized among conservationists and is considered one of the crown jewels of the National Wild and Scenic River program.




Crossings


The 1929 Smith River Bridge, also known as the Hiouchi Bridge or Bridge Wo. 1-06, was a rare example of a cantilever highway truss bridge within California, until it was demolished in 1989. The two-lane road bridge carried U.S. Highway 199 across the Smith River. The structural steel components were fabricated by Virginia Bridge & Iron Co. in Roanoke, shipped via the Panama Canal to San Francisco, then reloaded to a smaller coastal vessel and shipped to Crescent City. The suspended center span was a Parker truss.
It was the first cantilever truss type designed by the California Division of Highways Bridge Department engineers in 1928. The bridge type was briefly popular during the late 1920s to the late 1930s in the United States, but because it was best suited to specialized applications only limited numbers were built in the state. Its design was influenced by the first Carquinez Bridge, designed by David B. Steinman and completed in 1927 (demolished 2007).
Studies for the replacement of the Smith River Bridge began in 1987. U. S. Highway 199 provides a link between Highway 101 at Crescent City on the northern California coast, and Interstate Highway 5 inland at Grants Pass, Oregon. The proposal to replace the bridge was based on its functionally obsolete structural condition. Because of the high percentage of heavy truck traffic using the route, the bridge had sustained damage from high loads over the years, causing concern that the bridge was susceptible to collapsing.
Since it had been determined eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, it was required to be documented to Historic American Engineering Record−HAER standards prior to its removal in 1989.




References



"North Fork Smith River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
"Middle Fork Smith River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
"South Fork Smith River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.




External links



Smithriveralliance.org: Smith River Alliance website
"Recreation – Wild and Scenic North Fork Smith River". Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest, United States Forest Service.
KalmiopsisWild.org: North Fork Smith River
Media related to Smith River Bridge (Crescent City, California) at Wikimedia Commons
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. CA-75, "Smith River Bridge, CA State Highway 199 Spanning Smith River, Crescent City, Del Norte County, CA", 27 photos, 7 data pages, 2 photo caption pages
• Source: Smith River, California

Smith River (Tolowa: Kaa-nvsh) is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Del Norte County, California, located near the Oregon border. Smith River is the headquarters of the Tolowa Dee-ni' Nation, a federally recognized tribe of Tolowa people. As of the 2020 census, the population was 906. It is bordered by the Smith River National Recreation Area.




History


A post office was opened in 1863. One early settler of Smith River was William Dows Rexford, who moved there with his sons in the early 1870s. Smith River has formerly been known as Smith River Corners, Smith's River Valley, Smiths River, and Smith's River.




Demographics



Smith River first appeared as a census designated place in the 2010 U.S. Census.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Smith River had a population of 866. The population density was 217.3 inhabitants per square mile (83.9/km2). The racial makeup of Smith River was 528 (61.0%) White, 1 (0.1%) African American, 59 (6.8%) Native American, 5 (0.6%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 234 (27.0%) from other races, and 39 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 293 persons (33.8%).
The Census reported that 866 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 315 households, out of which 127 (40.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 160 (50.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 44 (14.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 18 (5.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 22 (7.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 76 households (24.1%) were made up of individuals, and 40 (12.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75. There were 222 families (70.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.23.
The population was spread out, with 267 people (30.8%) under the age of 18, 55 people (6.4%) aged 18 to 24, 220 people (25.4%) aged 25 to 44, 217 people (25.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 107 people (12.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.
There were 363 housing units at an average density of 91.1 units per square mile (35.2 units/km2), of which 315 were occupied, of which 181 (57.5%) were owner-occupied, and 134 (42.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.6%. 473 people (54.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 393 people (45.4%) lived in rental housing units.




Climate



Smith River is the wettest human-inhabited spot in the state of California, and experiences an Oceanic climate, for it is just beyond the northern periphery of the Mediterranean climate zone of coastal California. Seasonal precipitation patterns strictly follow the patterns evident in a Mediterranean regime however, although the rather copious average annual precipitation amount of 73.73 in (1,873 mm) wildly exceeds the 900 mm (35 in) precipitation limit for Mediterranean climates implemented in the revised version of the Köppen climate classification by over twofold. The summer months from June to September receive very stark precipitation (profoundly similar to a Mediterranean climate), with July and August in particular being relatively dry. In stark contrast, winter is stupendously wet, and windy, with approximately 74% of the year's total average precipitation observed in the five-month period from November to March. Temperatures remain profoundly moderate throughout the year, fluctuating only several degrees.




Politics


In the state legislature, Smith River is in the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire, and the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Jim Wood.
Federally, Smith River is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman.




In popular culture


Smith River was listed as one of the filming sites for the 1983 film Return of the Jedi, alongside Buttercup Valley and Death Valley in the east and southeast portions of the state, respectively.




See also


California portal




References

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