• Source: Synapsida

Synapsida ('fused arch'), atau theropsida ('wajah hewan'), adalah kelompok hewan yang termasuk mamalia dan segala kerabat dekatnya selain amniota hidup lainnya. Anggota non-mamalia disebut sebagai reptil mirip mammalia dalam sistematika klasik, tetapi disebut "mamalia batang" atau "proto-mammalia" dalam terminologi kladistika.




Taksonomi






= Classification

=
Series Amniota
CLASS SYNAPSIDA *
Order Pelycosauria *
Suborder Caseasauria
Suborder Eupelycosauria *
Family Varanopseidae
Family Ophiacodontidae
Family Edaphosauridae
Family Sphenacodontidae *
Order Therapsida *
Suborder Biarmosuchia *
Suborder Dinocephalia
Suborder Anomodontia
Suborder Gorgonopsia
Suborder Therocephalia
Suborder Cynodontia *
Family Probainognathidae
Superfamily Chiniquodontoidea *
CLASS MAMMALIA




= Filogeni

=




Catatan






Referensi


Benton, Michael J. (2005). Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. ISBN 0-632-05637-1.
Bramble, D. M. (1993). "Mammalian locomotor-respiratory integration: Implications for diaphragmatic and pulmonary design". Science. 262 (5131): 235–240. doi:10.1126/science.8211141.
Carroll, Robert L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co. ISBN 0-7167-1822-7.
Hopson, James A. (1987). "The Mammal-Like Reptiles: A Study of Transitional Fossils". The American Biology Teacher. 49 (1): 16–26.
Hoyt, Donald F. (1997). Synapsid Reptiles Diarsipkan 2009-05-20 di Wayback Machine.. Zoo 138 Vertebrate Zoology Home Page.
Lambert, David (2001). Dinosaur Encyclopedia. ISBN 0-7894-7935-4.
Laurin, Michel, and Robert R. Reisz (2007). Synapsida: Mammals and their extinct relatives. Version 6 April 2007. The Tree of Life Web Project.




Bacaan Lanjut


Colbert, E. H. (1969). Evolution of the Vertebrates (edisi ke-2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 0471164666. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)




Lihat pula


Anapsida
Diapsida
Euryapsida
Daftar synapsida
Klasifikasi mamalia
Mamalia prasejarah
Paleontology Vertebrata
Garis waktu evolusi




Pranala luar


Synapsida - Pelycosauria Diarsipkan 2006-03-13 di Archive.is - at Palaeos
Transitional Vertebrate Fossils - includes description of important transitional genera in the evolutionary sequence linking primitive synapsids to mammals

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Synapsida
• Mamalia
• Ophiacodon
• Pelycosauria
• Paleozoikum
• Archaeothyris
• Vertebrata
• Sauropsida
• Evolusi mamalia
• Dimetrodon
• Synapsida
• Sphenacodontia
• Dimetrodon
• Amniote
• Therapsida
• Gorgonopsia
• Eupelycosauria
• Dicynodontia
• Sauropsida
• Sphenacodontidae