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The T-arm or T-loop is a specialized region on the tRNA molecule which acts as a special recognition site for the ribosome to form a tRNA-ribosome complex during protein biosynthesis or translation (biology).
The T-arm has two components to it; the T-stem and the T-loop.
The T-stem consists of a series of paired nucleotides, typically 5 pairs, but sometimes as few as 1 or as many as 6.
The T-loop is also often known as the TĪØC arm due to the presence of ribothymidine (T/m5U), pseudouridine and cytidine residues. It folds into a unique structural element consisting of stacked bases in a U-turn, now termed the "T-loop motif".
In archaea, the m5U is replaced with N1-methylpseudouridine (m1ĪØ). The m5U/m1ĪØ modification at position 54 is thought to increase structural stability.
Organisms with T-loop lacking tRNA exhibit a much lower level of aminoacylation and EF-Tu-binding than in organisms which have the native tRNA.
The T-loop motif has been identified as a ubiquitous structural element in a number of noncoding RNAs. At least one other instance of the T-loop, found in rRNA, also carries the m5U modification.
