• Source: Taxonomy of Protista

A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (one with cells containing a nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. The protists do not form a natural group, or clade, since they exclude certain eukaryotes with whom they share a common ancestor; but, like algae or invertebrates, the grouping is used for convenience. In some systems of biological classification, such as the popular five-kingdom scheme proposed by Robert Whittaker in 1969, the protists make up a kingdom called Protista, composed of "organisms which are unicellular or unicellular-colonial and which form no tissues". In the 21st century, the classification shifted toward a two-kingdom system of protists: Chromista (containing the chromalveolate, rhizarian and hacrobian groups) and Protozoa (containing excavates and all protists more closely related to animals and fungi).
The following groups contain protists. The clade Opisthokonta also contains the animals and the fungi, and the kingdom Archaeplastida also contains algae and plants.
Key to symbols used:

(P) = Paraphyletic taxon.
† = Extinct taxon.
? = Taxon of uncertain taxonomic position.
* = Taxon lacking molecular data.
[ ] = Synonyms and alternative names.
→ = Monotypic taxon.




Current classification


This article largely follows the efforts of the scientific community and the International Society of Protistologists to revise the taxonomy of protists in a manner that reflects their phylogeny and evolution, striving away from the use of historical paraphyletic taxa and relying exclusively on clades as the basis of the classification. The reference used for the general arrangement of groups is the publication Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature and Diversity of Eukaryotes, published in 2019 by researcher Sina Adl and coauthors. Other studies are used for some specific groups of protists that have been revised after 2018, such as slime moulds, glaucophyte algae, arcellinid testate amoebae and planktonic foraminifera.
The following cladogram shows the relationships between the major groups of protists, as well as the kingdoms of animals, plants and fungi, according to the most recent phylogenetic analyses.




Amorphea Adl et al. 2012






= Obazoa Brown et al. 2013

=

Thecomonadea Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. 2013 → Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 → Apusomonadidae Karpov & Mylnikov 1989: Amastigomonas de Saedeleer 1931, Multimonas Cavalier-Smith 2010, Podomonas Cavalier-Smith 2010, Catacumbia Torruella, Galindo et al. 2022, Cavaliersmithia Torruella, Galindo et al. 2022.
Apusomonadinae Cavalier-Smith 2010: Apusomonas Aléxéieff 1924 [Rostromonas Karpoff & Zhukov 1980], Manchomonas Cavalier-Smith 2010.
Thecamonadinae Larsen & Patterson 1990: Chelonemonas Heiss, Lee, Ishida & Simpson 2015, Karpovia Torruella, Galindo et al. 2022, Singekia Torruella, Galindo et al. 2022, Thecamonas Larsen & Patterson 1990.
Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 → Breviatida Cavalier-Smith 2004 → Breviatidae Cavalier-Smith 2013: Breviata Walker, Dacks & Embley 2006, Lenisia Hamann et al. 2016, Pygsuia Brown et al. 2013, Subulatomonas Katz et al. 2011.



Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987, emend. Adl et al. 2005

Nucletmycea Brown et al. 2009 [Holomycota Liu et al. 2009]
Rotosphaerida Rainer 1968 [Cristidiscoidida Page 1987, Cavalier-Smith 1993, 1998; Nucleariidae Patterson 1983, 1999]. Fonticula, Nuclearia, Parvularia, Pompholyxophrys, Lithocolla, ?Vampyrellidium*, ?Elaeorhanis*, ?Pinaciophora*, ?Rabdiophrys*, ?Rabdiaster*, ?Thomseniophora*.
Fungi R.T. Moore 1980. Excluded from protists.
Holozoa Lang et al. 2002. Incertae sedis: Tunicaraptor Tikhonenkov, Mikhailov, Hehenberger, Karpov, Prokina, Esaulov, Belyakova, Mazei, Mylnikov, Aleoshin & Keeling 2020, †Bicellum Strother & Wellman 2021.
Ichthyosporea Cavalier-Smith 1998 [Mesomycetozoea Mendoza et al. 2002]
Dermocystida Cavalier-Smith 1998 [Rhinosporidaceae Mendoza et al. 2001]. Amphibiocystidium, Amphibiothecum, Chromosphaera, Dermocystidium, Rhinosporidium, Sphaerothecum.
Ichthyophonida Cavalier-Smith 1998 [Ichthyophonae Mendoza et al. 2001; Amoebidiidae Reeves 2003]. Abeoforma, Amoebidium, Anurofeca, Astreptonema, Caullerya, Creolimax, Eccrinidus, Enterobryus, Enteropogon, Ichthyophonus, Palavascia, Pseudoperkinsus, Psorospermium, Sphaeroforma.
Pluriformea Hehenberger et al. 2017
Corallochytrium Raghu-Kumar 1987
Syssomonas Tikhonenkov, Hehenberger, Mylnikov & Keeling 2017
Filasterea Shalchian-Tabrizi et al. 2008. Capsaspora, Ministeria, Pigoraptor, Txikispora.
Choanozoa Brunet & King 2017 [Choanozoa Cavalier-Smith et al. 1991 (P)]
Choanoflagellata Kent 1880–1882 [Craspedomonadina Stein 1878; Craspedomonadaceae Senn 1900; Craspedophyceae Chadefaud 1960; Craspédomonadophycidées Bourrelly 1968; Craspedomonadophyceae Hibberd 1976; Choanomonadea Krylov et al. 1980; Choanoflagelliida Lee, Hutner & Bovee 1985; Choanoflagellatea Cavalier-Smith 1997 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998; Choanomonada Adl et al. 2005].
Craspedida Cavalier-Smith 1997, emend. Nitsche et al. 2011
Salpingoecidae Kent 1880–1882, emend. sensu Nitsche et al. 2011. Astrosiga, Aulomonas, Barroeca, Choanoeca, Cladospongia, Codonocladium, Codonosigopsis, Codosiga [Codonosiga], Desmarella [Codonodesmus; Kentrosiga], Dicraspedella, Diploeca, Diplosiga, Diplosigopsis, Hartaetosiga, Kentia, Lagenoeca, Microstomoeca, Monosiga, Mylnosiga, Pachysoeca, Proterospongia, Salpingoeca, Salpingorhiza, Sphaeroeca, Stagondoeca, Stelexomonas, Stylochromonas.
Acanthoecida Cavalier-Smith 1997, emend. Nitsche et al. 2011
Acanthoecidae Norris 1965, emend. sensu Nitsche et al. 2011. Acanthoeca, Enibas, Helgoeca, Polyoeca, Savillea.
Stephanoecidae Leadbeater 2011. Acanthocorbis, Amoenoscopa, Apheloecion, Bicosta, Calliacantha, Calotheca, Campanoeca, Campyloacantha, Conion, Cosmoeca, Crinolina, Crucispina, Diaphanoeca, Didymoeca, Kakoeca, Monocosta, Nannoeca, Parvicorbicula, Platypleura, Pleurasiga, Polyfibula, Saepicula, Saroeca, Spinoeca, Spiraloecion, Stephanacantha, Stephanoeca, Syndetophyllum.
Metazoa Haeckel 1874, emend. Adl et al. 2005 [Animalia Linnaeus 1758; Eumetazoa Bütschli 1910]. Excluded from protists.




= Amoebozoa Lühe 1913, sensu Cavalier-Smith 1998

=

Incertae sedis Amoebozoa: Belonocystis, Boveella, Biomyxa, Corallomyxa, Gibbodiscus, Hartmannia, Malamoeba, Malpighamoeba, Microglomus, Oscillosignum, Pseudothecamoeba, Rhabdamoeba, Schoutedamoeba, Stereomyxa, Subulamoeba, Thecochaos, Triaenamoeba, Unda.



Tubulinea Smirnov et al. 2005

Corycida Kang et al. 2017 ["Corycidia"]
Trichosida Möbius 1889 → Trichosphaeriidae Sheehan & Banner 1973 [Trichosidae Möbius 1889]: Trichosphaerium Schneider 1878 [Atrichosa Cavalier-Smith et al. 2016].
Microcoryciidae de Saedeleer 1934: Amphizonella Greeff 1866, Diplochlamys Greeff 1888, Microcorycia Cockerell 1911, Parmulina Penard 1902 emend. 1909, Penardochlamys Deflandre 1953, Zonomyxa Nusslin 1882.
Echinamoebia Cavalier-Smith et al. 2016 → Echinamoebida Cavalier-Smith et al. 2004 em. Smirnov et al. 2011.
Echinamoebidae Page 1975: Echinamoeba Page 1975, Micriamoeba Atlan et al. 2012.
Vermamoebidae Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov 2011: Vermamoeba Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov 2011.
Elardia Kang et al. 2017
Leptomyxia Cavalier-Smith et al. 2016 → Leptomyxida Pussard & Pons 1976 emend. Page 1987
Leptomyxidae Pussard & Pons 1976: Leptomyxa Goodey 1915 emend. Smirnov et al. 2017.
Rhizamoebidae Smirnov et al. 2016: Rhizamoeba Page 1972 em. Smirnov et al. 2017.
Flabellulidae Bovee 1970: Flabellula Schaeffer 1926 em. Tyml, Lisnerová, Kostka & Dyková 2018 [includes Paraflabellula Page & Willumsen 1983].
Gephyramoebidae Pussard & Pons 1976: Gephyramoeba Goodey 1915.
Eulobosia Cavalier-Smith et al. 2016:
Arcellinida Kent 1880. Incertae sedis genera: Acipyxis, Apolimia, Argynnia, Armipyxis, Conicocassis, Cornuapyxis, Ellipsopyxella, Ellipsopyxis, Erugomicula, Frenopyxis, Geamphorella, Geoplagiopyxis, Geopyxella, Hoogenraadia, Jungia, Lagenodifflugia, Lamptopyxis, Lamptoquadrula, Leptochlamys, Maghrebia, Meisterfeldia, Microquadrula, Nabranella, Oopyxis, Paracentropyxis, Paraquadrula, Pentagonia, Physochila, Planhoogenraadia, Pomoriella, Pontigulasia, Prantlitina, Proplagiopyxis, Protoplagiopyxis, Protocucurbitella, Pseudawerintzewia, Pseudonebela, Schoenbornia, Sexangularia, Suiadifflugia, Trigonopyxis, Wailesella.
Phryganellina Bovee 1985
Phryganellidae Jung 1942. Phryganella.
Cryptodifflugiidae Jung 1942. Cryptodifflugia.
Organoconcha Lahr et al. 2019
Microchlamyiidae Ogden 1985. Microchlamys, Spumochlamys, Pyxidicula.
Glutinoconcha Lahr et al. 2019
Volnustoma Lahr et al. 2019
Heleoperidae Jung 1942. Heleopera.
Hyalospheniformes Lahr et al. 2019
Hyalospheniidae Schultze 1877 emend. Kosakyan et al. 2012. Alabasta, Alocodera, Apodera, Certesella, Cornutheca, Gibbocarina, Hyalosphenia, Longinebela, Mrabella, Nebela, Padaungiella, Planocarina, Porosia, Quadrulella.
Excentrosoma Lahr et al. 2019
Centropyxidae Jung 1942 [includes Plagiopyxidae]. Awerinzewia, Bullinularia, Centropyxis, Golemanskia, Plagiopyxis.
Cylindrothecina González-Miguéns, Todorov, Blandenier, Porfirio-Sousa, Ribeiro, Ramos, Lahr & Lara 2022
Cylindrifflugiidae González-Miguéns, Todorov, Blandenier, Porfirio-Sousa, Ribeiro, Ramos, Lahr & Lara 2022. Cylindrifflugia.
Longithecina Lahr et al. 2019
Difflugiidae Wallich 1864. Difflugia, Zivkovicia.
Lesquereusiidae Jung 1942. Lesquereusia.
Sphaerothecina Kosakyan et al. 2016
Arcellidae Ehrenberg 1843. Arcella, Galeripora.
Netzeliidae Kosakyan et al. 2016. Cucurbitella, Cyclopyxis, Netzelia
Euamoebida Lepşi 1960 sensu Smirnov et al. 2011
Amoebina Cavalier-Smith 2016
Amoebidae Ehrenberg 1838 Page 1987. Amoeba, Chaos, Polychaos, Parachaos, Trichamoeba, Deuteramoeba, Hydramoeba
Hartmannellidae Volkonsky 1931. Cashia, Copromyxa, Copromyxella, Glaeseria, Hartmannella, Ptolemeba, Saccamoeba
Nolandina Cavalier-Smith 2016
Nolandellidae Cavalier-Smith 2011, Lahr & Katz 2011. Nolandella.



Evosea Kang et al. 2017

Variosea Cavalier-Smith 2004
Angulamoeba Berney, Bass & Geisen 2015
Arboramoeba Berney, Bass & Geisen 2015
Darbyshirella Berney, Bass & Geisen 2015
Dictyamoeba Berney, Bass & Geisen 2015
Ischnamoeba Berney, Bass & Geisen 2015
Heliamoeba Berney, Bass & Geisen 2015
Filamoeba Page 1967
Phalansterium Cienkowski 1870.
Flamellidae Lahr & Katz in Lahr et al. 2011. Flamella, Telaepolella.
Protosteliida Olive & Stoianovitch 1966, sensu Shadwick & Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012. Protostelium [incl. Planoprotostelium].
Fractovitellida Lahr et al. 2011, sensu Kang et al. 2017
Acramoebidae Smirnov, Nassonova & Cavalier-Smith 2008. Acramoeba.
Schizoplasmodiidae Shadwick & Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012. Ceratiomyxella, Nematostelium, Schizoplasmodium.
Soliformoviidae Lahr & Katz 2011. Soliformovum, Grellamoeba
Cavosteliida Shadwick & Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012. Cavostelium, Schizoplasmodiopsis, Tychosporium.
Holomastigida Lauterborn 1895. Artodiscus, Multicilia.
Eumycetozoa Zopf 1884 sensu Kang et al. 2017 [Mycetozoa de Bary 1859 ex Rostafinski 1873; Macromycetozoa Fiore-Donno 2010]
Dictyostelia Lister 1909 sensu Sheikh et al. 2018 [Dictyosteliomycetes Doweld 2001]. Acytostelium, Cavenderia, Coremiostelium, Dictyostelium, Heterostelium, Polysphondylium, Raperostelium, Rostrostelium, Speleostelium, Tieghemostelium, Synstelium, ?Coenonia.
Protosporangiida Shadwick & Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012 [Ceratiomyxea Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019; Ceratiomyxomycetes D. Hawksw., B. Sutton & Ainsw. 2019]
Ceratiomyxa Schroeter 1889
Protosporangiidae Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012. Clastostelium, Protosporangium.
Myxogastria Macbride 1899 [Myxogastrea Cavalier-Smith 1993; Myxomycetes Link 1833, sensu Haeckel 1866]
Lucisporomycetidae [Lucisporinia Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019; Lucisporidia Cavalier-Smith 2013]. Incertae sedis genera: Arcyriatella, Calonema, Minakatella, Trichioides.
Cribariidia Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019
Cribariales T. Macbr. 1922
Cribariaceae Corda 1838. Cribaria, Lindbladia, Licaethalium.
Trichiidia Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019
Reticulariales Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019
Reticulariaceae Chevall. 1842. Alwisia, Lycogala, Reticularia, Tubifera.
Liceales E. Jahn 1928
Liceaceae Chevall. 1826. Licea, Listerella.
Trichiales T. Macbr. 1922
Dianemataceae T. Macbr. 1922. Calomyxa, Dianema, Dictydiaethalium, Prototrichia.
Trichiaceae Chevall. 1826 sensu Martin & Alexopoulos 1969. Hemitrichia [incl. Trichia decipiens], Arcyria [incl. Arcyodes], Perichaena, Trichia [incl. Cornuvia, Metatrichia, Oligonema].
Columellomycetidae [Collumellinia Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019; Columellidia Cavalier-Smith 2015]. Incertae sedis genera: Diachea, Echinosteliopsis, Leptoderma, Paradiachea, Protophysarum, Trabrooksia, Willkommlangea.
Echinosteliidia Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019
Echinosteliales G. W. Martin 1961
Echinosteliaceae Rostaf. ex Cooke 1877. Barbeyella, Echinostelium [incl. Semimorula].
Stemonitidia Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019
Clastodermatales Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019
Clastodermataceae Alexop. & T.E. Brooks 1971. Clastoderma.
Meridermatales Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019
Meridermataceae Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019. Meriderma.
Stemonitidales T. Macbr. 1922 em. Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019
Stemonitidaceae Fr. 1829 em. Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019. Macbrideola, Stemonitis, Symphytocarpus.
Amaurochaetaceae Rostaf. ex Cooke 1877 em. Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019. Comatricha, Stemonaria, Stemonitopsis, Amaurochaete, Brefeldia, Enerthenema, Paradiacheopsis.
Physarales T. Macbr. 1922
Tasmaniomyxa umbilicata Lloyd et al. 2023
Lamprodermataceae T. Macbr. 1899 em. Leontyev, Stephenson, Novozhilov & Shchepin 2019. Lamproderma [incl. Dichaeopsis, Colloderma, Elaeomyxa], ?Collaria.
Didymiaceae Rostaf. ex Cooke 1877 – Diderma, Didymium, Lepidoderma, Mucilago.
Physaraceae Chevall. 1826. Craterium, Leocarpus, Fuligo, Physarum, Physarella, Physarina, Kelleromyxa, Badhamia.
Cutosea Cavalier-Smith 2016 [Squamocutida Cavalier-Smith 2016]
Squamamoebidae Cavalier-Smith 2016. Armaparvus, Squamamoeba.
Sapocribridae Cavalier-Smith 2016. Sapocribrum.
Idionectidae Hess & Simpson 2019. Idionectes.
Archamoebea Cavalier-Smith 1983, sensu Cavalier-Smith 2004
Tricholimacidae Cavalier-Smith 2012. Tricholimax.
Entamoebidae Chatton 1925. Entamoeba.
Rhizomastixidae Ptáčková et al. 2013. Rhizomastix.
Mastigamoebida Frenzel 1897, sensu Cavalier-Smith 2013. Endamoeba, Endolimax, Iodamoeba, Mastigamoeba, Mastigina.
Pelobiontida Page 1976, sensu Cavalier-Smith 2013 [Pelomyxidae Schulze 1877]. Mastigella, Pelomyxa



Discosea Cavalier-Smith et al. 2004 sensu Smirnov et al. 2011

Flabellinia Smirnov et al. 2005
Dermamoebida Cavalier-Smith 2004
Dermamoebidae Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov 2011. Dermamoeba, Paradermamoeba, ?Mycamoeba, Coronamoeba.
Mayorellidae Schaeffer 1926. Mayorella.
Thecamoebida Schaeffer 1926, sensu Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011. Sappinia, Stenamoeba, Stratorugosa, Thecamoeba, Thecochaos.
Dactylopodida Smirnov et al. 2005 sensu Kang et al. 2017. Cunea, ?Janickina,* Korotnevella, Neoparamoeba, Paramoeba, Pseudoparamoeba, Vexillifera.
Vannellida Smirnov et al. 2005 [Vannellidae Bovee 1979]. Clydonella, Lingulamoeba, Paravannella, Pessonella*, Ripella, Vannella.
Stygamoebida Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith in Smirnov et al. 2011 (P). Stygamoeba, Vermistella.
Centramoebia Cavalier-Smith et al. 2016
Acanthopodida Page 1976 [Centramoebida Rogerson & Patterson 2002, sensu Tice et al. 2016]. Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, Luapeleamoeba, Protacanthamoeba, Dracoamoeba, Vacuolamoeba.
Himatismenida Page 1987. Cochliopodium, Ovalopodium, Parvamoeba.
Pellitida Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011, sensu Kang et al. 2017. Endostelium, Gocevia, Paragocevia*, Pellita.




Diaphoretickes Adl et al. 2012


Microhelida Cavalier-Smith & Chao in Yabuki et al. 2012 → Microheliellidae Cavalier-Smith & Chao in Yabuki et al. 2012: Microheliella Cavalier-Smith & Chao in Yabuki et al. 2012
Telonemia Shalchian-Tabrizi 2006 → Telonemea Cavalier-Smith 1993 → Telonemidae Cavalier-Smith 1993: Arpakorses Tikhonenkov & Karpov 2022, Lateronema Cavalier-Smith 2015, Telonema Griessmann 1913.




= Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005

=
Glaucophyta Skuja 1954 [Glaucocystaceae West 1904; Glaucocystophyta Kies and Kremer 1986; Glaucoplantae Marin & Melkonian in Li et al. 2020]. Incertae sedis taxa: Archaeopsis, Chalarodora, Glaucocystopsis, Peliaina, Strobilomonas.
Cyanophorales Kies & Kremer 2006: Cyanophora.
Glaucocystales Bessey 1907: Glaucocystis.
Gloeochaetales Bessey 1907: Cyanoptyche, Gloeochaete.
Picozoa Seenivasan et al. 2013 [Picobiliphytes Not et al. 2007]: Picomonas.
Rhodelphidia Tikhonenkov, Gawryluk, Mylnikov & Keeling 2019: Rhodelphis Tikhonenkov, Gawryluk, Mylnikov & Keeling 2019.
Rhodophyceae Thuret 1855, emend. Rabenhorst 1863 [Rhodophyta Wettstein 1901; Rhodoplantae Saunders and Hommersand 2004 emend. Adl et al. 2005]
Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 [Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981; Chlorobionta Jeffrey 1982, emend. Bremer 1985, emend. Lewis and McCourt 2004; Chlorobiota Kendrick and Crane 1997]
Prasinodermophyta Marin & Melkonian in Li et al. 2020
Prasinodermophyceae Marin & Melkonian in Li et al. 2020 → Prasinodermales Marin & Melkonian in Li et al. 2020 → Prasinodermaceae Marin & Melkonian in Li et al. 2020: Prasinoderma Hasegawa & Chihara in Hasegawa et al. 1996.
Palmophyllophyceae Leliaert et al. 2016 emend. Marin & Melkonian in Li et al. 2020
Palmophyllales Zechman, Verbruggen, Leliaert, Ashwort, M.A.Buchheim, Fawley, H.Spalding, Pueschel, J.A.Buschheim, Verghese & Hanisak 2010 → Palmophyllaceae Zechman, Verbruggen, Leliaert, Ashwort, M.A.Buchheim, Fawley, H.Spalding, Pueschel, J.A.Buschheim, Verghese & Hanisak 2010: Palmophyllum Kützing 1849, Verdigellas Ballantine & Norris 1994, Palmoclathrus? Womersley 1971.
Prasinococcales Guillou et al. ex Leliaert et al. 2016 emend. Marin & Melkonian in Li et al. 2020 → Prasinococcaceae Leliaert et al. 2016: Prasinococcus Miyashita & Chihara in Miyashita et al. 1993.
Chlorophyta Pascher 1914 emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004
Streptophyta Bremer & Wanntorp 1981 [Charophyta Migula 1897 emend. Karol et al. 2009]
Chlorokybophyceae Irisarri et al. 2021 → Chlorokybales Irisarri et al. 2021 → Chlorokybaceae Irisarri et al. 2021: Chlorokybus Geitler 1942.
Mesostigmatophyceae Marin & Melkonian 1999 emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004 [Mesostigmata Turmel et al. 2002] → Mesostigmales Cavalier-Smith 1998 → Mesostigmataceae Fott 1947: Mesostigma Lauterborn 1894.
Klebsormidiophyceae C. Jeffrey ex Guiry 2023
Klebsormidiales Bierenbroodspot et al. 2024 → Klebsormidiaceae Bierenbroodspot et al. 2024: Klebsormidium Silva, Mattox & Blackwell 1972, Interfilum Chodat 1992, Streptofilum Mikhailyuk & Lukešová 2018.
Entransiales Bierenbroodspot et al. 2024 → Entransiaceae Bierenbroodspot et al. 2024: Entransia E.O. Hughes 1948.
Hormidiellales Bierenbroodspot et al. 2024 → Hormidiellaceae Bierenbroodspot et al. 2024: Hormidiella Iyengar & Kanthamma 1940, Streptosarcina Mikhailyuk & Lukešová 2018.
Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Guyander 2006
Charophyceae Smith 1938 emend. Karol et al. 2009
Coleochaetophyceae Jeffrey 1982
Anydrophyta Rensing 2020
Zygnematophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995 emend. Hall et al. 2009
Serritaeniales S.Hess & J.de Vries 2022 → Serritaeniaceae S.Hess & J.de Vries 2022: Serritaenia A.Busch & S.Hess 2021
Zygnematales Bessey 1907 emend. Hess & de Vries 2022 → Zygnemataceae Kützing 1843: Cylindrocystis Meneghini 1848, Mesotaenium? Nägeli 1849, Mougeotia (Roth) C.Agardh 1824, Zygnema C.Agardh 1817 nom. cons., Zygnemopsis (Skuja) Transeau 1934.
Desmidiales Bessey 1907 emend. S.Hess & J.de Vries 2022 → Desmidiaceae Ralfs 1848: Bambusina Kützing ex Kützing 1849 nom. cons., Closterium Nitzsch ex Ralfs 1848, Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs 1848, Cosmocladium Brébisson 1856, Desmidium C.Agardh ex Ralfs 1848, Euastrum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs 1848, Micrasterias C.Agardh ex Ralfs 1848, Netrium (Nägeli) Itzigsohn & Rothe 1856, Nucleotaenium Gontcharov & Melkonian 2010, Onychonema G.C.Wallich 1860, Penium Brébisson ex Ralfs 1848, Phymatodocis Nordstedt 1878, Planotaenium (Ohtani) Petlovany & Palamar-Mordvintseva 2009, Pleurotaenium Nägeli 1849, Staurastrum Meyen ex Ralfs 1848, Staurodesmus Teiling 1948, Xanthidium Ehrenberg ex Ralfs 1848, etc.
Spirogyrales Clements nom. cons. emend. Hess & de Vries 2022: Spirogyra Link 1820 nom. cons.
Embryophyta Engler 1886 emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004 [Plantae Haeckel 1866] (excluded from protists)




= Stramenopiles Patterson 1989, emend. Adl et al. 2005

=
Stramenopiles incertae sedis:

Environmental clades MAST-21, MAST-25 Massana et al. 2014
Platysulcidae Shiratori, Nakayama & Ishida 2015. Platysulcus.
Kaonashiidae Weston, Eglit & Simpson 2023. Kaonashia.



Bigyra Cavalier-Smith 1998, emend. 2006

Opalozoa Cavalier Smith 1991, emend. 2006. Incertae sedis: Cantina, Rictus, environmental clades MAST-16, MAST-22 and MAST-24 Massana et al. 2014.
Placidozoa Cavalier-Smith 2013
Placididea Moriya, Nakayama & Inouye 2002. Allegra, Haloplacidia, Pendulomonas, Placidia, Placilonga, Suigetsumonas, Wobblia.
Nanomonadea Cavalier-Smith 2012 [clade MAST-3]. Incisomonas, Solenicola.
Opalomonadea Cavalier-Smith 2013 [clade MAST-12]. No described species.
Opalinata Wenyon 1926, emend. Cavalier-Smith 1997 [Slopalinida Patterson 1985]
Proteromonadea Grassé 1952. Karotomorpha, Proteromonas.
Opalinea Wenyon 1926. Cepedea, Opalina, Protoopalina, Protozelleriella, Zelleriella.
Blastocystis Alexeieff 1911
Bicosoecida Grassé 1926, emend. Karpov 1998. Adriamonas, Anoeca, Bicosoeca, Caecitellus, Cafeteria, Cafileria, Cyathobodo, Filos, Halocafeteria, Nanum, Paramonas, Pseudobodo, Pseudodendromonas, Otto, Regin.
Sagenista Cavalier-Smith 1995. Incertae sedis: environmental clades MAST-4, MAST-7, MAST-8, MAST-9, MAST-10, MAST-11 and MAST-20 Massana et al. 2014.
Labyrinthulomycetes Dick 2001
Amphitremida Poche 1913, emend. Gomaa et al. 2003. Amphitrema, Archerella, Diplophrys, Paramphitrema.
Amphifilida Cavalier-Smith 2012. Amphifila, Fibrophrys, Sorodiplophrys.
"Oblongichytrida" Bennett et al. 2017. Oblongichytrium.
Labyrinthulida Doffein 1901. Aplanochytrium, Labyrinthula, Stellarchytrium.
Thraustochytrida Sparrow 1943. Althornia, Aurantiochytrium, Botryochytrium, Japanochytrium, Monorhizochytrium, Parietichytrium, Phycophthorum, Schizochytrium, Sicyoidochytrium, Thraustochytrium, Ulkenia.
Pseudophyllomitidae Shiratori et al. 2016 [clade MAST-6]. Pseudophyllomitus.



Gyrista Cavalier-Smith 1998

Gyrista incertae sedis: environmental clades MAST-1, MAST-2 and MAST-23 Massana et al. 2014.
Pseudofungi Cavalier-Smith 1986 [Heterokontimycotina M.W. Dick 1976]
Bigyromonadea Cavalier-Smith 1998
Developea Karpov & Aleoshin 2016. Cubaremonas, Develocanicus, Develocauda, Developayella, Develorapax, Mediocremonas.
Pirsoniales Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Prokina et al. 2024. Bordeauxia, Bullionia, Feodosia, Koktebelia, Noirmoutieria, Pirsonia.
Hyphochytriales Sparrow 1960. Anisolpidium, Canteriomyces.
Anisolpidiaceae Karling 1943, emend. Dick 2001
Hyphochytridiomycetaceae Fischer 1892, emend. Karling 1939. Hyphochytrium.
Rhizidiomycetaceae Karling 1943. Latrostium, Rhizidiomyces, Rhizidiomycopsis.
Oomycetes Winter 1897, emend. Dick 1976 [Peronosporomycetes Dick 2001]. Incertae sedis genera: Atkinsiella, Ciliomyces, Crypticola, Ectrogella, Eurychasma, Halodaphnea, Haliphthoros, Haptoglossa, Lagena, Lagenisma, Olpidiopsis, Pontisma, Pythiella, Rozellopsis, Sirolpidium.
Saprolegnialean lineage Lara in Adl et al. 2019. Achlya, Aphanomyces, Aplanopsis, Apodachlya, Aquastella, Geolegnia, Leptomitus, Newbya, Pythiopsis, Protoachlya, Salisapilia, Saprolegnia, Thraustotheca.
Peronosporalean lineage Lara in Adl et al. 2019. Albugo, Bremia, Chlamydomyzium, Halophytopthora, Hyaloperonospora, Lagenidium, Myzocytiopsis, Peronospora, Plasmopara, Pythium, Pseudoperonospora, Phytophthora, Phytopythium, Pustula.
Ochrophyta Cavalier-Smith 1986, emend. Cavalier-Smith & Chao 1996 [Heterokontophyta Guiry, R.A.Andersen & Moestrup 2023]
Chrysista Cavalier-Smith 1986. Incertae sedis: environmental lineages MOCH-3 and MOCH-5 Massana et al. 2014, Chrysowaernella, Aurearena.
SII clade
Olisthodiscophyceae Barcytė, Eikrem & M. Eliáš 2021. Olisthodiscus.
Pinguiophyceae Kawachi et al. 2003. Glossomastix, Phaeomonas, Pinguiochrysis, Pinguiococcus, Polypodochrysis.
Limnistia Cavalier-Smith 1996 emend. 2006
Chrysophyceae Pascher 1914. Incertae sedis: Chryososaccus, Chrysosphera, Cyclonexis, Lygynion, Phaeoplaca.
Chromulinales Pascher 1910. Chromulina, Chrysomonas.
Hibberdiales Andersen 1989. Hibberdia.
Ochromonadales Pascher 1910. Spumella, Pedospumella, Ochromonas.
Paraphysomonadida Scoble & Cavalier-Smith 2014. Paraphysomonas.
Synurales Andersen 1987. Chrysodidymus, Mallomonas, Synura, Tesselaria.
Eustigmatophyceae Hibberd & Leedale 1971
Eustigmatales Hibberd 1981
Paraeustigmatos Fawley, Nemcová, & Fawley 2019
Eustigmataceae Hibberd 1981. ?Ellipsoidion, Chlorobotrys, Eustigmatos, Pseudocharaciopsis, Vischeria.
Monodopsidaceae Hibberd 1981. Microchloropsis, Monodopsis, Nannochloropsis, Pseudotetraedriella.
Neomonodaceae Amaral et al. 2020. ?Botryochloropsis, Characiopsella, Munda, Neomonodus, Pseudellipsoidion.
Goniochloridales Fawley, Elias & Fawley 2013. Goniochloris, Pseudostaurastrum, Tetraedriella, Trachydiscus, Vacuoliviride.
Picophagea Cavalier-Smith 2006 emend. 2017 [Synchromophyceae S.Horn & C.Wilhelm 2007]. Chlamydomyxa, Chrysopodocystis, Guanochroma, Leukarachnion, Picophagus, Synchroma.
SI clade
Raphidomonadea Chadefaud 1950 ex Silva 1980
Raphidophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 [Chattonellales Throndsen in Tomas 1993 emend. Yamaguchi, Nakayama, Murakami & Inouye 2010; Vacuolariales Shameel, 2001]. Chattonella, Fibrocapsa, Goniostomum, Haramonas, Heterosigma, Merotricha, Vacuolaria.
Raphopoda Cavalier-Smith 2013
Commatiida Cavalier-Smith 1997 [Commatiidae Cavalier-Smith 2013]. Commation.
Actinophryida Claus 1874, emend. Hartmann 1926
Actinosphaerina Cavalier-Smith 2013 [Actinosphaeriidae Cavalier-Smith 2013]. Actinosphaerium.
Actinophryina Cavalier-Smith 2013
Actinophryidae Dujardin 1841. Actinophrys.
Helioraphidae Cavalier-Smith 2013. Heliorapha.
PX clade
Chrysomerophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1995. Antarctosaccion, Chrysomeris, Chrysowaernella, Giraudyopsis, Rhamnochrysis, Tetrasporopsis.
Chrysoparadoxophyceae Wetherbee et al. 2019. Chrysoparadoxa.
Phaeophyceae Hansgirg 1886 [Kjellman 1891; Pfitzer 1894]
Ascoseirales Petrov 1964. Ascoseira.
Desmarestiales Setchell & Gardner 1925. Arthrocladia, Desmarestia (P), Himantothallus, Phaeurus.
Dictyotales Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828. Dictyota, Dilophus, Lobophora, Padina, Stypopodium, Taonia, Zonaria.
Discosporangiales Kawai et al. 2007. Choristocarpus, Discosporangium.
Ectocarpales Bessey 1907, emend. Silva & Reviers 2000. Adenocystis, Acinetospora, Asterocladon, Asteronema, Chordaria, Ectocarpus, Scytosiphon.
Fucales Bory de Saint-Vincent 1927. Ascophyllum, Bifurcaria, Cystoseira, Druvillaea, Fucus, Hormosira, Sargassum, Turbinaria.
Ishigeales Cho et al. 2004 [Ishigeacea Okamura 1935]. Ishige.
Laminariales Migula 1908. Akkesiophycus, Alaria, Chorda, Costaria, Laminaria, Lessonia, Pseudochoda.
Nemodermatales Parente et al. 2008. Nemoderma.
Onslowiales Draisma & Prud'homme van Reine 2008. Onslowia.
Ralfsiales Nakamura ex Lim & Kawai 2007. Lithoderma, Neoralfsia, Pseudolithoderma, Ralfsia.
Scytothamnales Peters & Clayton 1998. Scytothamnus, Splachnidium, Stereocladon.
Sphacelariales Migula 1908. Chaetopteris, Halopteris, Stypocaulon, Sphacelaria, Verosphacella.
Sporochnales Sauvageau 1926. Bellotia, Carpomitra, Nereia, Sporochonus, Tomaculopsis.
Syringodermatales Henry 1984. Syringoderma.
Tilopteridales Bessey 1907. Cutleria, Halosiphon, Haplospora, Phaeosiphoniella, Phyllaria, Tilopteris.
Phaeosacciophyceae R.A.Andersen, L.Graf & H.S.Yoon 2020
Phaeosaccionaceae J. Feldmann 1949. Phaeosaccion.
Tetrasporopsidaceae R.A.Andersen, L.Graf & H.S.Yoon 2020. Tetrasporopsis, Psammochrysis, Chrysomeris.
Phaeothamiophyceae Andersen & Bailey in Bailey et al. 1998
Phaeothamniales Bourrelly 1954, emend. Andersen & Bailey in Bailey et al. 1998. Phaeothamnion.
Pleurochloridales Ettl 1956. Pleurochloridella.
Schizocladiophyceae Henry, Okuda & Kawai 2003. Schizocladia.
Xanthophyceae Allorge 1930, emend. Fritsch 1935 [Heterokontae Luther 1899; Heteromonadea Leedale 1983; Xanthophyta Hibberd 1990]
Tribonematales Pascher 1939. Botrydium, Bumilleriopsis, Characiopsis, Chloromeson, Heterococcus, Monadus, Ophiocytium, Sphaerosorus, Tribonema, Xanthonema.
Vaucheriales Bohlin 1901. Vaucheria.
Diatomista Derelle et al. 2016, emend. Cavalier-Smith 2017 [SIII clade]. Incertae sedis: environmental clades MOCH-1, MOCH-2 and MOCH-4 Massana et al. 2014.
Bolidophyceae Guillou et al. 1999 [Parmales Booth & Marchant 1987]. Bolidomonas, Triparma, Tetraparma, Pentalamina.
Diatomeae Dumortier 1821 [Bacillariophyta Haeckel 1878]
Leptocylindrophytina D.G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019
Leptocylindrophyceae D.G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019. Leptocylindrus, Tenuicylindrus.
Corethrophyceae D.G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019. Corethron.
Ellerbeckiophytina D.G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019. Ellerbeckia.
Probosciophytina D.G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019. Proboscia.
Melosirophytina D.G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019. Aulacoseira, Melosira, Hyalodiscus, Stephanopyxis, Paralia, Endictya.
Coscinodiscophytina Medlin & Kaczmarska 2004, emend. Adl et al. 2019. Actinoptychus, Coscinodiscus, Actinocyclus, Asteromphalus, Aulacodiscus, Stellarima.
Rhizosoleniophytina D.G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019. Guinardia, Rhizosolenia, Pseudosolenia.
Arachnoidiscophytina D.G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019. Arachnoidiscus.
Bacillariophytina Medlin & Kaczmarska 2004, emend. Adl et al. 2019
Mediophyceae Jouse & Proshkina-Lavrenko in Medlin & Kaczmarska 2004
Chaetocerotophycidae Round & R.M. Crawford in Round et al. 1990, emend. Adl et al. 2019. Chaetoceros, Bacteriastrum, Dactyliosolen, Cerataulina, Hemiaulus, Eucampia, Acanthoceras, Urosolenia, Terpsinoë, Hydrosera.
Lithodesmiophycidae Round & R.M. Crawford in Round et al. 1990, emend. Adl et al. 2019. Lithodesmium, Lithodesmioides, Helicotheca, Bellerochea, Ditylum.
Thalassiosirophycidae Round & R.M. Crawford in Round et al. 1990. Thalassiosira, Lindavia, Cyclotella, Stephanodiscus, Cyclostephanos, Discostella, Bacteriosira, Skeletonema, Detonula.
Cymatosirophycidae Round & R.M. Crawford in Round et al. 1990. Cymatosira, Minutocellus, Papiliocellulus, Leyanella, Extubocellulus, Plagiogrammopsis, Campylosira, Brockmanniella, Pierrecomperia.
Odontellophycidae D. G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019. Odontella, Triceratium, Cerataulus, Pleurosira, Pseudauliscus, Amphitetras, Trieres, Mastodiscus.
Chrysanthemodiscophycidae D.G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019. Chrysanthemodiscus, Biddulphiopsis, Trigonium, Isthmia, Lampriscus, Stictocyclus, Ardissonea, Climacosphenia, Toxarium.
Biddulphiophyceae D. G. Mann, in Adl et al. 2019
Biddulphiophycidae Round and R.M. Crawford in Round et al. 1990, emend. Adl et al. 2019. Biddulphia.
Attheya T. West 1860
Bacillariophyceae Haeckel 1878, emend. Adl et al. 2019
Striatellaceae Kützing 1844. Striatella, Pseudostriatella.
Urneidophycidae Medlin 2016. (P?) Plagiogramma, Dimeregramma, Rhaphoneis, Delphineis, Psammoneis, Bleakeleya, Asterionellopsis.
Fragilariophycidae Round in Round, Crawford & Mann 1990, emend. Adl et al. 2019. Fragilaria, Synedra, Tabellaria, Asterionella, Diatoma, Tabularia, Cyclophora, Astrosyne, Licmophora, Rhabdonema, Grammatophora, Staurosira, Thalassionema.
Bacillariophycidae D.G. Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann 1990, emend. Adl et al. 2019. Eunotia, Achnanthes, Bacillaria, Nitzschia, Pseudonitzschia, Cylindrotheca, Navicula, Seminavis, Haslea, Pleurosigma, Gyrosigma, Achnanthidium, Cocconeis, Frustulia, Diploneis, Sellaphora, Pinnularia, Gomphonema, Cymbella, Didymosphenia, Phaeodactylum, Amphora, Entomoneis, Epithemia, Surirella, etc.
Naviculales Bessey 1907
Stauroneidaceae D.G. Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann 1990. Craticula, Dorofeyukea, Fistulifera, Karayevia, Madinithidium, Parlibellus, Prestauroneis, Stauroneis, Schizostauron.
Dictyochophyceae Silva 1980 [Silicoflagellata Lemmermann, 1901]
Dictyochales Haeckel 1894 [Dictyochida Borgert, 1891; Dictyochaceae Lemmermann, 1901]. Dictyocha.
Florenciellales Eikrem, Edvardsen & Throndsen 2007. Florenciella, Verrucophora.
Pedinellales Zimmermann et al. 1984 [Ciliophryida Febre-Chevalier, 1985; Actinomonadaceae Kent, 1880]. Actinomonas, Apedinella, Ciliophrys, Mesopedinella, Palatinella, Pedinella, Pseudopedinella, Pteridomonas.
Rhizochromulinales O'Kelly & Wujek 1994 [Rhizochromulinaceae O'Kelly & Wujek, 1994]. Rhizochromulina.
Pelagophyceae Andersen & Saunders 1993
Pelagomonadales Andersen & Saunders 1993. Aureococcus, Pelagococcus, Pelagomonas.
Sarcinochrysidales Gayral & Billard 1977
Sarcinochrysidaceae Gayral & Billard 1977. Ankylochrisis, Arachnochrysis, Aureoscheda, Aureoumbra, Nematochrysopsis, Pelagospilus, Pulvinaria, Sarcinochrysis, Sargassococcus.
Chrysocystaceae M.Melkonian, H.S.Yoon & R.A.Andersen 2018. Chrysocystis, Chrysoreinhardia, Sungminbooa.
Plocamiomonadales Daugbjerg & Lovejoy 2024. Plocamiomonas.




= Alveolata Cavalier-Smith 1991

=

Colponemida Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. Adl et al. 2019 (P)
Colponemidia Tikhonenkov et al. 2014. Colponema.
Acavomonidia Tikhonenkov et al. 2014. Acavomonas.
Neocolponema Gigeroff et al. 2023
Loeffela Gigeroff et al. 2023
Palustrimonas Patterson & Simpson 1996



Myzozoa Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2004

Colpodellida Cavalier-Smith 1993, emend. Adl et al. 2005, 2019 ["chrompodellids" Janouškovec et al. 2015; Chromeridophyta R.B.Moore et al., 2008; Colpodellophyceae Molinari & Guiri 2023; Chromerida Guiry 2024]. Incertae sedis: Piridium.
Vitrellaceae Oborník & Lukeš 2012. Vitrella.
Colpodellaceae Adl et al. 2019 [Colpodellidae Simpson & Patterson 1996]. Colpodella, Chilovora, Voromonas.
Chromeraceae Oborník & Lukeš 2012. Chromera.
Alphamonaceae Adl et al. 2019. Alphamonas.
Perkinsozoa Norén & Moestrup in Norén et al 1999 [Perkinsea Levine 1978]. Incertae sedis genus: Phagodinium, Rastrimonas.
Maranthos Alacid & Reñé 2021
Pararosariidae Jeon & Park 2021. Pararosarium.
Parviluciferaceae Reñé & Alacid 2017. Dinovorax, Parvilucifera, Snorkelia, Tuberlatum.
Perkinsidae Levine 1978. Perkinsus.
Xcellidae Freeman, Fuss, Kristmundsson, Keeling, Shalchian-Tabrizi & Bass 2017 em. Karlsbakk, Nystøyl, Plarre & Nylund 2021. Cryoxcellia, Gadixcellia, Notoxcellia, Salmoxcellia, Xcellia.
Dinoflagellata Bütschli 1885, emend. Fensome et al. 1993, emend. Adl et al. 2005. Incertae sedis genera: free-living (Adenoides, Akashiwo, Amphidiniella, Ankistrodinium, Apicoporus, Archaeosphaerodiniopsis, Bispinodinium, Bysmatrum, Cabra, Cladopyxis, Crypthecodinium, Cucumeridinium, Dactylodinium, Dicroerisma, Gloeodinium, Grammatodinium, Gynogonadinium, Gyrodiniellum, Halostylodinium, Heterodinium, Moestrupia, Paragymnodinium, Phytodinium, Plagiodinium, Planodinium, Pileidinium, Pseudadenoides, Pseudothecadinium, Pyramidodinium, Rhinodinium, Roscoffia, Sabulodinium, Sphaerodinium, Spiniferodinium, Testudodinium, Thecadinium, Thecadiniopsis, Togula) and parasitic Blastodiniales Chatton 1906 [no longer valid] (Amyloodinium, Apodinium, Cachonella, Caryotoma, Crepidoodinium, Haplozoon, Oodinium, Myxodinium, Piscinoodinium, Protoodinium, Rhinodinium, Schyzochitriodinium, Stylodinium).
Psammosa Okamoto, A. Horák & Keeling 2012
Oxyrrhis Dujardin 1841 [Oxyrrhinaceae Sournia 1984]
Eleftheros Tikhonenkov, Hehenberger & Keeling 2023
Ichthyodinida Cavalier-Smith 2018 [environmental Marine Alveolate Group I]
Hobagellidae Yoo, Kim & Wayne Coats 2024. Hobagella.
Euduboscquellidae Coats & Bachvaroff 2012. Euduboscquella, Dogelodinium, Keppenodinium.
Ichthyodiniidae Cavalier-Smith 2018. Ichthyodinium.
Syndiniales Loeblich III 1976. Incertae sedis: Ellobiopsidae (Ellobiopsis, Thalassomyces).
Amoebophryidae Cachon 1964 [environmental Marine Alveolate Group II]. Amoebophrya.
Syndinidae Chatton 1910 [environmental Marine Alveolate Group IV]. Hematodinium, Syndinium, Solenodinium.
Sphaeriparaceae Loeblich III 1970. Atlanticellodinium, Sphaeripara.
Noctilucales Haeckel 1894 [Noctiluciphyceae Fensome et al. 1993]. Abedinium, Cachonodinium, Craspedotella, Cymbodinium, Kofoidinium, Leptodiscus, Noctiluca, Petalodinium, Pomatodinium, Scaphodinium, Spatulodinium.
Dinophyceae Pascher 1914
Gymnodiniphycidae Fensome et al. 1993
Gymnodiniales F. Stein 1878, emend. G. Hansen & Moestrup in Daugbjerg et al. 2000 sensu stricto. Barrufeta, Chytriodinium, Dissodinium, Erythropsidinium, Greuetodinium, Gymnodinium, Lepidodinium, Nematodinium, Nusuttodinium, Pellucidodinium, Polykrikos, Proterythropsis, Wangodinium, Warnowia.
Amphidinium Claparède & Lachmann 1859, emend. Flø Jørgensen et al. 2004 sensu stricto
Gyrodinium Kofoid & Swezy 1921, emend. G. Hansen & Moestrup in Daugbjerg et al. 2000 sensu stricto
Kareniaceae Bergholtz et al. 2005. Brachidinium, Karenia, Karlodinium, Takayama.
Ceratoperidiniaceae Loeblich III 1980, emend. Reñé & de Salas 2013. Ceratoperidinium, Kirithra.
Torodiniales Boutrup, Moestrup & Daugbjerg 2016. Kapelodinium, Torodinium.
Levanderina Moestrup et al. 2014
Margalefidinium F. Gómez, Richlen & D.M. Anderson 2017
Cochlodinium F. Schütt emend. F. Gómez, Richlen & D.M. Anderson 2017 sensu stricto
Ptychodiscales Fensome et al. 1993. Achradina, Amphilothus, Balechina, Ptychodiscus, Sclerodinium.
Borghiellaceae Moestrup, Lindberg, & Daugbjerg 2009. Baldinia, Borghiella.
Tovelliaceae Moestrup et al. 2005. Bernardinium, Esoptrodinium, Jadwigia, Tovellia.
Suessiaceae Fensome et al. 1993, emend. Moestrup et al. 2009. Ansanella, Asulcocephalium, Biecheleria, Biecheleriopsis, Leiocephalium, Pelagodinium, Polarella, Prosoaulax, Protodinium, Symbiodinium, Yihiella.
Peridiniphycidae Fensome et al. 1993
Gonyaulacales Taylor 1980. Alexandrium, Amylax, Ceratium, Ceratocorys, Coolia, Fukuyoa, Fragilidium, Gambierdiscus, Goniodoma, Gonyaulax, Lingulodinium, Ostreopsis, Pentaplacodinium, Peridiniella, Protoceratium, Pyrocystis, Pyrodinium, Pyrophacus, Tripos.
Peridiniales Haeckel 1894. Amphidiniopsis, Archaeperidinium, Blastodinium*, Diplopelta, Diplopsalis, Diplopsalopsis, Herdmania, Niea, Oblea, Palatinus, Parvodinium, Peridinium, Peridiniopsis, Preperidinium, Protoperidinium, Qia, Vulcanodinium.
Thoracosphaeraceae Schiller 1930. Aduncodinium, Amyloodinium, Apocalathium, Blastodinium, Chimonodinium, Cryptoperidiniopsis, Duboscquodinium, Ensiculifera, Laciniporus, Leonella, Luciella, Naiadinium, Paulsenella, Pentapharsodinium, Pfiesteria, Scrippsiella, Stoeckeria, Theleodinium, Thoracosphaera, Tintinnophagus, Tyrannodinium.
Podolampadaceae Lindemann 1928. Blepharocysta, Gaarderiella, Heterobractum, Lissodinium, Mysticella, Podolampas.
Kryptoperidiniaceae Lindemann 1925 ["dinotoms"]. Blixaea, Durinskia, Galeidinium, Kryptoperidinium, Unruhdinium, etc.
Heterocapsaceae Fensome et al. 1993. Heterocapsa.
Amphidomataceae Sournia 1984. Amphidoma, Azadinium.
Oxytoxaceae Lindemann 1928. Corythodinium, Oxytoxum.
Centrodiniaceae Hernández-Becerril 2010. Centrodinium.
Dinophysales Kofoid 1926. Amphisolenia, Citharistes, Dinofurcula, Dinophysis, Histioneis, Latifascia, Metadinophysis, Metaphalacroma, Ornithocercus, Oxyphysis, Parahistioneis, Phalacroma, Pseudophalacroma, Sinophysis, Triposolenia.
Prorocentrales Lemmermann 1910. Mesoporus, Prorocentrum.
Squirmida Cavalier-Smith 2014. Digyalum, Filipodium, Platyproteum.
Apicomplexa Levine 1980, emend. Adl et al. 2005. Incertae sedis genera: Aggregata Frenzel 1885, Christalloidophora Dehorne 1934, Dobellia* Ikeda 1914, Echinococcidium* Porchet 1978, Globidiellum* Brumpt 1913, Joyeuxella* Brasil 1902, Rhabdospora* Laguesse 1906, Spermatobium* Eisen 1895, Spiriopsis* Arvy & Peters 1972, Spirogregarina* Wood & Herman 1943, Toxocystis* Léger & Duboscq 1910, Trophosphaera* Le Calvez 1939.
?Agamococcidiorida Levine 1979. Gemmocystis*, Rhytidocystis.
?Protococcidiorida Kheisin 1956. Angeiocystis*, Coelotropha*, Grellia*, Eleutheroschizon*, Mackinnonia*, Myriosporides*, Myriospora*, Sawayella*.
Aconoidasida Mehlhorn et al. 1980 [Hematozoa Vivier 1982] (P)
Haemospororida Danilewsky 1885. Dionisia*, Haemocystidium, Haemoproteus, Hepatocystis, Leucocytozoon, Mesnilium*, Nycteria, Parahaemoproteus, Plasmodium, Polychromophilus, Rayella*, Saurocytozoon*.
Piroplasmorida Wenyon 1926. Anthemosoma*, Babesia, Cytauxzoon, Echinozoon*, Haemohormidium*, Sauroplasma*, Serpentoplasma*, Theileria.
Nephromycida Cavalier-Smith 1993, emend. Adl et al. 2019. Nephromyces, Cardiosporidium.
Conoidasida Levine 1988 (P)
Coccidia Leuckart 1879 (P)
Adeleorina Léger 1911. Adelea*, Adelina, Babesiosima*, Bartazoon*, Chagasella*, Cyrilia*, Dactylosoma, Desseria*, Ganapatiella*, Gibbsia*, Haemogregarina, Haemolivia, Hepatozoon, Ithania*, Karyolysus, Klossia, Klossiella*, Legerella*, Orcheobius*, Rasajeyna*.
Eimeriorina Léger 1911. Atoxoplasma, Barrouxia*, Besnoitia, Caryospora, Caryotropha, Choleoeimeria, Cyclospora, Cystoisospora, Defretinella*, Diaspora*, Dorisa*, Dorisiella*, Eimeria, Elleipsisoma*, Goussia, Hammondia, Hyaloklossia, Isospora, Lankesterella, Mantonella*, Merocystis, Neospora, Nephroisospora, Ovivora*, Pfeifferinella, Pseudoklossia, Sarcocystis, Schellackia, Selenococcidium*, Selysina*, Spirocystis*, Toxoplasma, Tyzzeria*, Wenyonella*.
Gregarinasina Dufour 1828 (P). Incertae sedis genera: Digyalum Koura et al. 1990, Exoschizon Hukui 1939.
Archigregarinorida Grassé 1953 (P). Meroselenidium, Merogregarina, Selenidium, Selenocystis, Veloxidium.
Eugregarinorida Léger 1900 (P). Apolocystis*, Amoebogregarina, Ancora, Ascogregarina, Asterophora, Blabericola, Caliculium, Cephaloidophora, Colepismatophila, Cystobia*, Cystocephalus*, Difficilina, Diplauxis*, Enterocystis, Ganymedes, Geneiorhynchus, Gonospora, Gregarina, Heliospora, Hentschelia*, Hirmocystis*, Hoplorhynchus, Lankesteria, Lecudina, Leidyana, Lithocystis, Monocystella*, Monocystis, Nematopsis, Nematocystis*, Neoasterophora*, Paralecudina, Paraschneideria, Phyllochaetopterus, Pileocephalus*, Polyplicarium, Polyrhabdina, Porospora*, Prismatospora, Protomagalhaensia, Psychodiella, Pterospora, Pyxinia, Pyxinioides, Rhabdocystis*, Sphaerorhynchus*, Steinina, Stenophora, Stylocephalus, Sycia*, Syncystis, Thalicola*, Thiriotia, Trichotokara, Uradiophora*, Urospora, Xiphocephalus, Zygosoma*, and more.
Neogregarinorida Grassé 1953. Apicystis, Aranciocystis, Caulleryella*, Coelogregarina*, Farinocystis*, Gigaductus*, Lipocystis*, Lipotropha*, Lymphotropha*, Machadoella*, Mattesia, Menzbieria, Ophryocystis, Schizocystis*, Syncystis, Tipulocystis*.
Cryptogregarinorida Cavalier-Smith 2014, emend. Adl et al. 2019. Cryptosporidium.
Blastogregarinea Chatton and Villeneuve 1936, emend. Simdyanov et al. 2018. Chattonaria, Siedleckia.



Ciliophora Doflein 1901

Postciliodesmatophora Gerassimova & Seravin 1976
Karyorelictea Corliss 1974
Kentrophoridae Jankowski 1980. Kentrophoros.
Loxodida Jankowski 1980
Cryptopharyngidae Jankowski 1980. Cryptopharynx.
Loxodidae Bütschli 1889. Loxodes.
Geleiidae Kahl 1933. Geleia.
Heterotrichea Stein 1859
Blepharismidae Jankowski in Small & Lynn 1985. Blepharisma
Climacostomidae Repak 1972. Climacostomum.
Condylostomatidae Kahl in Doflein & Reichenow 1929. Chattonidium, Condylostoma.
Fabreidae Shazib et al. 2014. Fabrea.
Gruberiidae Shazib et al. 2014. Gruberia.
Coliphorina Jankowski 1967
Folliculinidae Dons 1914. Folliculina.
Maristentoridae Miao et al. 2005. Maristentor.
Peritromidae Stein 1867. Peritromus.
Spirostomidae Stein 1867. Anigsteinia, Spirostomum.
Stentoridae Carus 1863. Stentor.
Intramacronucleata Lynn 1996. Incertae sedis: Protocruziidae Jankowski 1980 [Protocruziidia de Puytorac et al. 1987] (Protocruzia Faria da Cunha & Pinto 1922).
SAL Gentekaki et al. 2014. Incertae sedis: Cariacotrichea Orsi et al. 2011 (Cariacothrix caudata), Mesodiniidae ankowski, 1980 (Mesodinium), Phacodiniidia Small and Lynn 1985 (Phacodinium).
Spirotrichea Bütschli 1889
Euplotia Jankowski 1979
Euplotida Small & Lynn 1985
Aspidiscidae Ehrenberg 1830. Aspidisca.
Certesiidae Borror & Hill 1995. Certesia.
Euplotidae Ehrenberg 1838. Euplotes.
Gastrocirrhidae Fauré-Fremiet 1961. Gastrocirrhus.
Uronychidae Jankowski 1975. Diophrys, Uronychia.
Discocephalida
Discocephalidae Jankowski 1979. Discocephalus, Prodiscocephalus, Paradiscocephalus.
Pseudoamphisiellidae Song et al. 1997. Leptoamphisiella, Pseudoamphisiella.
Perilemmaphora Berger 2008
Hypotrichia Stein 1859
Stichotrichida Fauré-Fremiet 1961 (P)
Amphisiellidae Jankowski 1979. Amphisiella, Bistichella.
Atractosidae Bourland 2015. Atractos.
Epiclintidae Wicklow & Borror 1990. Epiclintes.
Gonostomatidae Small & Lynn 1985. Cotterillia, Gonostomum.
Halteriidae Claparède & Lachmann 1858. Halteria, Meseres.
Holostichidae Fauré-Fremiet 1961. Holosticha, Uncinata.
Kahliellidae Tuffrau 1979. Deviata, Kahliella.
Keronidae Dujardin 1840. Kerona.
Oxytrichidae Ehrenberg 1830 (P). Cyrtohymena, Gastrostyla, Oxytricha, Stylonychia.
Parabirojimidae Dai & Xu 2011. Parabirojimia, Tunicothrix.
Plagiotomidae Bütschli 1887. Plagiotoma.
Psammomitridae Jankowski 1979. Psammomitra.
Pseudoamphisiellidae Song et al. 1996. Pseudoamphisiella.
Psilotrichidae Bütschli 1889. Psilotricha, Urospinula.
Schmidingerotrichidae Foissner 2012. Schmidingerothrix.
Spirofilidae von Gelei 1929. Spirofilopsis, Strongylidium.
Trachelostylidae Small & Lynn 1985. Trachelostyla.
Uroleptidae Foissner & Stoeck 2008. Paruroleptus, Uroleptus.
Urostylida Jankowski 1979 (P)
Bergeriellidae Liu et al. 2010. Bergeriella, Neourostylopsis.
Hemicycliostylidae Lyu et al. 2018. Australothrix, Hemicycliostyla.
Pseudokeronopsidae Borror & Wicklow, 1983. Apoholosticha, Pseudokeronopsis.
Pseudourostylidae Jankowski 1979. Pseudourostyla.
Urostylidae Bütschli 1889. Bakuella, Diaxonella, Urostyla.
Oligotrichea Bütschli 1887
Oligotrichida Bütschli 1887
Cyrtostrombidiidae Agatha 2004. Cyrtostrombidium.
Pelagostrombidiidae Agatha 2004. Pelagostrombidium.
Strombidiidae Fauré-Fremiet 1970. Strombidium (P).
Tontoniidae Agatha 2004. Laboea, Tontonia.
Choreotrichida Small & Lynn 1985. Incertae sedis: Lynnella Liu et al. 2011 [Lynnellidae Liu et al. 2011; Lynnellida Liu et al. 2015]
Strobilidiina Jankowski 1980 (P)
Leegaardiellidae Lynn & Montagnes 1988. Leegaardiella.
Lohmanniellidae Montagnes & Lynn 1991. Lohmanniella.
Strobilidiidae Kahl in Doflein & Reichenow 1929. Strobilidium.
Strombidinopsidae Small & Lynn 1985. Strombidinopsis (P).
Tintinnina Kofoid & Campbell 1929. Incertae sedis: Helicostomella, Tintinnopsis (P), several other genera.
Ascampbelliellidae Corliss 1960. Ascampbelliella
Cyttarocylididae Kofoid & Campbell 1929 [probably synonymous with Petalotrichidae]. Cyttarocylis.
Dictyocystidae Haeckel 1873. Dictyocysta.
Epiplocylididae Kofoid & Campbell 1939. Epiplocylis.
Eutintinnidae Bachy et al. 2012. Dartintinnus, Eutintinnus.
Favellidae Kofoid & Campbell 1929. Favella.
Nolaclusiliidae Sniezek et al. 1991. Nolaclusilis.
Petalotrichidae Kofoid & Campbell 1929 [probably synonymous with Cyttarocylididae]. Petalotricha.
Ptychocylididae Kofoid & Campbell 1929. Cymatocylis, Ptychocylis.
Rhabdonellidae Kofoid & Campbell 1929. Metacylis, Rhabdonella, Schmidingerella.
Stenosemellidae Campbell 1954 (P). Stenosemella.
Tintinnidae Claparède & Lachmann 1858. Amphorellopsis, Salpingacantha, Salpingella, Tintinnus.
Tintinnidiidae Kofoid & Campbell 1929. Tintinnidium.
Undellidae Kofoid & Campbell 1929. Undella.
Xystonellidae Kofoid & Campbell 1929. Dadayiella, Parafavella, Xystonella.
Licnophoridae Bütschli 1887. Licnophora, Prolicnophora.
Kiitrichidae Nozawa 1941. Caryotricha, Kiitricha.
Lamellicorticata Vd'ačný et al. 2010
Armophorea Lynn 2004. Incertae sedis: Mylestomatidae Kahl in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929 (Mylestoma).
Metopida Jankowski 1980 (P)
Metopidae Kahl 1927 (P). Bothrostoma, Brachonella, Eometopus, Metopus, Parametopidium, Tesnospira.
Apometopidae Foissner 2016. Cirranter, Urostomides.
Tropidoatractidae Rotterová et al. 2018. Palmarella, Tropidoatractus.
Clevelandellida de Puytorac & Grain 1976
Clevelandellidae Kidder 1938. Clevelandella.
Inferostomatidae Ky 1971. Inferostoma.
Neonyctotheridae Affa'a 1987. Neonyctotherus.
Nyctotheridae Amaro 1972 (P). Nyctotherus.
Sicuophoridae Amaro 1972. Sicuophora.
Caenomorphidae Poche 1913. Caenomorpha, Ludio, Sulfonecta.
Odontostomatida Sawaya 1940
Discomorphellidae Corliss 1960. Discomorphella.
Epalxellidae Corliss 1960. Epalxella, Saprodinium.
Litostomatea Small & Lynn 1981
Rhynchostomatia Jankowski 1980
Dileptida Jankowski 1978
Dileptidae Jankowski 1980. Apodileptus, Dileptus, Pseudomonilicaryon.
Dimacrocaryonidae Jankowski 1978. Dimacrocaryon, Monomacrocaryon, Rimaleptus.
Tracheliidae Ehrenberg 1838. Trachelius.
Haptoria Corliss 1974 (P). Incertae sedis: Chaenea.
Lacrymariidae de Fromentel 1876. Lacrymaria.
Haptorida Corliss 1974
Enchelyodonidae Foissner et al. 2002. Enchelyodon, Fuscheria.
Homalozoonidae Jankowski 1980. Homalozoon.
Pleuroplitidae Foissner 1996. Pleuroplites.
Didiniidae Poche 1913. Didinium, Monodinium.
Pleurostomatida Schewiakoff 1896
Amphileptidae Bütschli 1889. Amphileptus.
Litonotidae Kent 1882. Litonotus.
Kentrophyllidae Wu et al. 2015. Epiphyllum, Kentrophyllum.
Spathidiida Foissner & Foissner 1988
Acropisthiidae Foissner & Foissner 1988. Acropisthium, Chaenea.
Actinobolinidae Kahl 1930. Actinobolina.
Apertospathulidae Foissner et al. 2005. Apertospathula.
Enchelyidae Ehrenberg 1838. Enchelys.
Pseudoholophryidae Berger et al. 1984. Pseudoholophrya.
Spathidiidae Kahl in Doflein & Reichenow 1929. Legendrea, Spathidium.
Trachelophyllidae Kent 1882. Trachelophyllum.
Helicoprorodontidae Small & Lynn 1985
Trichostomatia Bütschli 1889
Vestibuliferida de Puytorac et al. 1974
Balantidiidae Reichenow in Doflein and Reichenow 1929. Balantidium, Neobalantidium (P).
Buetschliidae Poche 1913. Buetschlia.
Paraisotrichidae da Cunha 1917. Paraisotrichia.
Protocaviellidae Grain in Corliss 1979. Protocaviella.
Protohalliidae da Cunha & Muniz 1927. Protohallia.
Pycnotrichidae Poche 1913. Pycnothrix, perhaps Buxtonella.
Isoendo
Isotrichidae Bütschli 1889. Dasytricha, Isotricha.
Entodiniomorphida Reichenow in Doflein & Reichenow 1929
Blepharocorythina Wolska 1971
Blepharocorythidae Hsiung 1929. Blepharocorys.
Parentodiniidae Ito, Miyazaki & Imai 2002. Parentodinium.
Pseudoentodiniidae Wolska 1986. Pseudoentodinium.
Entodiniomorphina Reichenow in Doflein & Reichenow 1929
Cycloposthiidae Poche 1913. Cycloposthium.
Gilchristinidae Ito, Ishihara & Imai 2014 [Gilchristidae Ito et al. 2006]. Digilchristia, Gilchristina.
Ophryoscolecidae Stein 1859. Entodinium, Ophryoscolex, Polyplastron.
Polydiniellidae Corliss 1960. Polydiniella.
Rhinozetidae Van Hoven, Gilchrist & Hamilton-Attwell 1988. Rhinozeta.
Spirodiniidae Strelkow 1939. Spirodinium.
Telamodiniidae Latteur & Dufey 1967. Telamodinium.
Troglodytellidae Corliss 1979. Troglodytella,.
Macropodiniida Lynn 2008
Amylovoracidae Cameron & O'Donoghue 2002. Amylovorax.
Macropodiniidae Dehority 1996. Macropodinium.
Polycostidae Cameron & O'Donoghue 2003. Polycosta.
CONTHREEP Lynn in Adl et al. 2012 [Ventrata Cavalier-Smith 2004]. Incertae sedis: Askenasia Blochmann 1895, Cyclotrichiidae Jankowski 1980 (Cyclotrichium), Paraspathidium Noland 1937, Pseudotrachelocercidae Song 1990 (Pseudotrachelocerca), Discotrichidae Jankowski 1967 [Discotrichida Fan et al. 2014] (Discotricha, Lopezoterenia).
Phyllopharyngea de Puytorac et al. 1974
Synhymeniida de Puytorac et al. in Deroux 1978
Nassulopsidae Deroux in Corliss 1979. Nassulopsis.
Orthodonellidae Jankowski 1968. Orthodonella, Zosterodasys.
Scaphidiodontidae Deroux in Corliss 1979. Chilodontopsis, Scaphidiodon.
Synhymeniidae Jankowski in Small & Lynn 1985. Synhymenia.
Subkinetalia Gong et al. 2009
Cyrtophoria Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss 1956
Chlamydodontida Deroux 1976 (P)
Chilodonellidae Deroux 1970. Chilodonella.
Chitonellidae Small & Lynn 1985. Chitonella.
Chlamydodontidae Stein 1859. Chlamydodon.
Gastronautidae Deroux 1994. Gastronauta.
Kryoprorodontidae Alekperov & Mamajeva 1992. Gymnozoum.
Lynchellidae Jankowski 1968. Chlamydonella, Lynchella.
Dysteriida Deroux 1976
Dysteriidae Claparède & Lachmann 1858. Dysteria (P), Trochilia.
Hartmannulidae Poche 1913 (P). Hartmannula.
Kyaroikeidae Sniezek & Coats 1996. Kyaroikeus.
Plesiotrichopidae Deroux 1976. Plesiotrichopus.
Chonotrichia Wallengren 1895
Exogemmida Jankowski 1972
Chilodochonidae Wallengren 1895. Chilodochona.
Filichonidae Jankowski 1973. Filichona.
Helichonidae Jankowski 1972. Heliochona.
Lobochonidae Jankowski 1967. Lobochona.
Phyllochonidae Jankowski 1972. Phyllochona.
Spirochonidae Stein 1854. Spirochona.
Cryptogemmida Jankowski 1975
Actinichonidae Jankowski 1973. Actinichona.
Echinichonidae Jankowski 1973. Echinichona.
Inversochonidae Jankowski 1973. Inversochona.
Isochonidae Jankowski 1973. Isochona.
Isochonopsidae Batisse & Crumeyrolle 1988. Isochonopsis.
Stylochonidae Mohr 1948. Stylochona.
Rhynchodia Chatton & Lwoff 1939
Hypocomidae Bütschli 1889. Hypocoma.
Rhynchodida Chatton & Lwoff 1939
Ancistrocomidae Chatton & Lwoff 1939. Ancistrocoma.
Sphenophryidae Chatton & Lwoff 1921. Sphenophrya.
Suctoria Claparède & Lachmann 1858
Exogenida Collin 1912
Allantosomatidae Jankowski 1967. Allantosoma.
Dentacinetidae Batisse 1992. Dentacineta.
Dendrosomididae Jankowski 1978. Dendrosomides.
Ephelotidae Kent 1882. Ephelota.
Lecanophryidae Jankowski 1973. Lecanophrya.
Manuelophryidae Dovgal 2002. Manuelophrya.
Metacinetidae Bütschli 1889. Metacineta.
Ophryodendridae Stein 1867. Ophryodendron.
Paracinetidae Jankowski 1978. Paracineta.
Phalacrocleptidae Kozloff 1966. Phalacrocleptes.
Podophryidae Haeckel 1866. Podophrya.
Praethecacinetidae Dovgal 1996. Praethecacineta.
Rhabdophryidae Jankowski 1970. Rhabdophrya.
Severonidae Jankowski 1981. Severonis.
Spelaeophryidae Jankowski in Batisse 1975. Spelaeophrya.
Tachyblastonidae Grell 1950. Tachyblaston.
Thecacinetidae Matthes 1956. Thecacineta.
Endogenida Collin 1912
Acinetidae Stein 1859. Acineta.
Acinetopsidae Jankowski 1978. Acinetopsis.
Choanophryidae Dovgal 2002. Choanophrya.
Corynophryidae Jankowski 1981. Corynophrya.
Dactylostomatidae Jankowski 1978. Dactylostoma.
Dendrosomatidae Fraipont 1878. Dendrosoma.
Endosphaeridae Jankowski in Corliss 1979. Endosphaera.
Erastophryidae Jankowski 1978. Erastophrya.
Pseudogemmidae Jankowski 1978. Pseudogemma.
Rhynchetidae Jankowski 1978. Rhyncheta.
Solenophryidae Jankowski 1981. Solenophrya.
Tokophryidae Jankowski in Small & Lynn 1985. Tokophrya.
Trichophryidae Fraipont 1878. Trichophrya.
Evaginogenida Jankowski in Corliss 1979
Cometodendridae Jankowski 1978. Cometodendron.
Cyathodiniidae da Cuhna 1914. Cyathodinium.
Dendrocometidae Haeckel 1866. Dendrocometes.
Discophryidae Collin 1912. Discophrya.
Enchelyomorphidae Augustin & Foissner 1992. Enchelyomorpha.
Heliophryidae Corliss 1979. Heliophrya.
Periacinetidae Jankowski 1978. Periacineta.
Prodiscophryidae Jankowski 1978. Prodiscophrya.
Rhynchophryidae Jankowski 1978. Rhynchophrya.
Stylocometidae Jankowski 1978. Stylocometes.
Trypanococcidae Dovgal 2002. Trypanococcus.
Colpodea Small & Lynn 1981
Bursariomorphida Fernández-Galiano 1978
Bryometopidae Jankowski 1980. Bryometopus (P), Thylakidium.
Bursaridiidae Foissner 1993. Bursaridium, Paracondylostoma.
Bursariidae Bory de St. Vincent 1826. Bursaria.
Colpodida de Puytorac et al. 1974. Incertae sedis: Bardeliellidae Foissner 1984 (Bardeliella), Hausmanniellidae Foissner 1987 (Avestina, Hausmanniella), Ilsiellidae Bourland et al. 2011 (Ilsiella), Pseudochlamydonellidae Buitkamp et al. 1989 (Hackenbergia, Pseudochlamydonella) and Marynidae Poche 1913 (Maryna).
Bryophryina de Puytorac et al. 1979
Bryophryidae de Puytorac et al. 1979. Bryophrya.
Sandmanniellidae Foissner & Stoeck 2009. Sandmanniella.
Colpodina Foissner et al. 2011
Colpodidae Bory de St. Vincent 1826 (P). Colpoda.
Grandoriidae Corliss 1960. Grandoria.
Tillinidae Foissner et al. 2011. Tillina.
Grossglockneriidae Foissner 1980 [Grossglockneriina Foissner 1980]. Grossglockneria, Pseudoplatyophrya.
Cyrtolophosidida Foissner 1978
Cyrtolophosididae Stokes 1888. Cyrtolophosis.
Kreyellidae Foissner 1979. Kreyella.
Platyophryida de Puytorac et al. 1979
Ottowphryidae Foissner et al. 2011. Ottowphrya, Platyophryides.
Platyophryidae de Puytorac et al. 1979 (P). Platyophrya.
Sagittariidae Grandori & Grandori 1935. Sagittaria.
Sorogenidae Bradbury & Olive 1980. Sorogena.
Woodruffiidae Gelei 1954. Etoschophrya, Rostrophrya, Woodruffia.
Nassophorea (P)
Colpodidiidae Foissner 1995. Colpodidium.
Nassulida Jankowski 1967
Furgasoniidae Corliss 1979. Furgasonia, Wolfkosia.
Nassulidae de Fromentel 1874. Nassula, Obertrumia.
Microthoracida Jankowski 1967
Microthoracidae Wrzesniowski 1870. Drepanomonas, Microthorax.
Leptopharyngidae Kahl 1926. Leptopharynx, Pseudomicrothorax.
Prostomatea Schewiakoff 1896 (P)
Apsiktratidae Foissner et al. 1994 [Prostomatida Schewiakoff 1896]
Balanionidae Small & Lynn 1985. Balanion.
Cryptocaryonidae Wright & Colorni 2002. Cryptocaryon.
Colepidae Ehrenberg 1838. Coleps, Plagiopogon.
Holophryidae Perty 1852. Holophrya.
Lagynidae Sola et al. 1990. Lagynus.
Metacystidae Kahl 1926. Metacystis, Vasicola.
Placidae Small & Lynn 1985. Placus.
Plagiocampidae Kahl 1926. Plagiocampa.
Prorodontidae Kent 1881. Prorodon.
Urotrichidae Small & Lynn 1985. Urotricha.
Plagiopylea Small & Lynn 1985
Plagiopylida Small & Lynn 1985
Epalxellidae Corliss 1960. Epalxella, Saprodinium.
Plagiopylidae Schewiakoff 1896. Plagiopyla.
Sonderiidae Small & Lynn 1985. Sonderia.
Trimyemidae Kahl 1933. Trimyema.
Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac et al. 1974
Apostomatia Chatton & Lwoff 1928
Apostomatida Chatton & Lwoff 1928
Colliniidae Cépède 1910. Collinia, Metacollinia.
Cyrtocaryidae Corliss 1979. Cyrtocaryum.
Foettingeriidae Chatton 1911. Foettingeria.
Pseudocolliniidae Chantangsi et al. 2013. Fusiforma, Pseudocollinia.
Astomatophorida Jankowski 1966
Opalinopsidae Hartog 1906. Opalinopsis.
Pilisuctorida Jankowski 1966
Conidophryidae Kirby 1941. Conidophrys.
Astomatia Schewiakoff 1896
Anoplophryidae Cépède 1910. Anoplophrya.
Buetschliellidae de Puytorac in Corliss 1979. Buetschliella.
Clausilocolidae de Puytorac in Corliss 1979. Clausilocola.
Contophryidae de Puytorac 1972. Contophyra.
Haptophryidae Cépède 1923. Haptophrya.
Hoplitophryidae Cheissin 1930. Hoplitophrya.
Intoshellinidae Cépède 1910. Intoshellina.
Maupasellidae Cépède 1910. Maupasella.
Radiophryidae de Puytorac 1972. Radiophrya.
Hymenostomatia Delage & Hérouard 1896
Tetrahymenida Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss 1956. Incertae sedis: Trichospiridae Kahl 1926 (Trichospira).
Curimostomatidae Jankowski 1968. Curimostoma.
Glaucomidae Corliss 1971. Glaucoma.
Spirozonidae Kahl 1926. Spirozona.
Tetrahymenidae Corliss 1952. Tetrahymena.
Turaniellidae Didier 1971. Colpidium, Dexiostoma, Turaniella.
Ophryoglenida Canella 1964
Ichthyophthiriidae Kent 1881. Ichthyophthirius.
Ophryoglenidae Kent 1881. Ophryoglena.
Peniculia Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss 1956 (P)
Peniculida Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss 1956
Clathrostomatidae Kahl 1926. Clathrostoma.
Frontoniidae Kahl 1926. Disematostoma, Frontonia (P).
Lembadionidae Jankowski in Corliss 1979. Lembadion.
Maritujidae Jankowski in Small & Lynn 1985. Marituja.
Neobursaridiidae Dragesco & Tuffrau 1967. Neobursaridium.
Parameciidae Dujardin 1840. Paramecium.
Paranassulidae Fauré-Fremiet 1962. Paranassula.
Stokesiidae Roque 1961. Stokesia.
Urocentridae Claparède & Lachmann 1858 [Urocentrida de Puytorac, Grain & Mignot 1987]
Peritrichia Stein 1859
Sessilida Kahl 1933
Astylozoidae Kahl 1935. Astylozoon, Hastatella.
Ellobiophryidae Chatton and Lwoff 1929. Ellobiophrya.
Epistylididae Kahl 1933. Epistylis.
Lagenophryidae Bütschli 1889. Lagenophrys.
Operculariidae Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss 1979. Opercularia.
Rovinjellidae Matthes 1972. Rovinjella.
Scyphidiidae Kahl 1933 (P). Scyphidia.
Termitophryidae Lom in Corliss 1979. Termitophrya.
Usconophryidae Clamp 1991. Usconophrys.
Vaginicolidae de Fromentel 1874. Cothurnia, Pyxicola, Thuricola, Vaginicola.
Vorticellidae Ehrenberg 1838. Carchesium, Epicarchesium (P), Ophrydium, Pelagovorticella, Pseudovorticella (P), Vorticella (P).
Zoothamniidae Sommer 1951. Haplocaulus, Zoothamnium.
Mobilida Kahl 1933
Polycyclidae Poljansky 1951. Polycycla.
Trichodinidae Claus 1874. Trichodina.
Trichodinopsidae Kent 1881. Trichodinopsis.
Urceolariidae Dujardin 1840. Leiotrocha, Urceolaria.
Scuticociliatia Small 1967 (P)
Philasterida Small 1967
Cohnilembidae Kahl 1933. Cohnilembus.
Cryptochilidae Berger in Corliss 1979. Cryptochilum.
Entodiscidae Jankowski 1973. Entodiscus.
Entorhipidiidae Madsen 1931. Entorhipidium.
Orchitophryidae Cépède 1910 (P). Orchitophrya.
Paralembidae Corliss & de Puytorac in Small & Lynn 1985. Anophrys, Paralembus.
Parauronematidae Small & Lynn 1985 (P). Parauronema (P).
Philasteridae Kahl 1931. Kahlilembus, Philaster.
Pseudocohnilembidae Evans & Thompson 1964. Pseudocohnilembus.
Schizocaryidae Jankowski 1979. Schizocaryum.
Thigmophryidae Chatton & Lwoff 1926. Thigmophrya.
Thyrophylacidae Berger in Corliss 1961. Thyrophylax.
Uronematidae Thompson 1964. Uronema.
Urozonidae Grolière 1975. Urozona.
Pleuronematida Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss 1956
Calyptotrichidae Small & Lynn 1985. Calyptotricha.
Conchophthiridae Kahl in Doflein and Reichenow 1929. Conchophthirus.
Ctedoctematidae Small & Lynn 1985. Ctedoctema.
Cyclidiidae Ehrenberg 1838 (P). Cristigera, Cyclidium.
Dragescoidae Jankowski 1980. Dragescoa.
Eurystomatellidae Miao et al. 2010. Eurystomatella.
Histiobalantiidae de Puytorac & Corliss in Corliss 1979. Histiobalantium.
Peniculistomatidae Fenchel 1965. Peniculistoma.
Pleuronematidae Kent 1881 (P). Pleuronema.
Thigmocomidae Kazubski 1958. Thigmocoma.
Thigmotrichida Chatton & Lwoff 1922
Ancistridae Issel 1903. Ancistrum.
Hemispeiridae König 1894. Hemispeira.
Hysterocinetidae Diesing 1866. Hysterocineta.
Paraptychostomidae Ngassam et al. 1994. Paraptychostomum.
Loxocephalida Jankowski 1964 (P)
Cinetochilidae Perty 1852 (P). Cinetochilum, Sathrophilus.
Loxocephalidae Jankowski 1964. Cardiostomatella, Dexiotricha, Loxocephalus.




= Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith 2002

=
Rhizaria incertae sedis: Gymnosphaerida Poche 1913, emend. Mikrjukov 2000. Actinocoryne, Cienkowskya, Gymnosphaera, Hedraiophrys [possible synonym of Cienkowskya], Wagnerella.



Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith 1998, emend. Adl et al. 2005; emend. Cavalier-Smith 2018

Cercozoa incertae sedis:
Aquavolonida Bass & Berney 2018. Aquavolon, Lapot.
Tremulida Howe et al. 2011. Tremula.
Genera of uncertain placement: Dictiomyxa, Katabia, Myxodictyium, Pontomyxa, Protomyxa, Protogenes, Pseudospora, Rhizoplasma
Discocelia Cavalier-Smith 2013 [Discocelis Vørs 1988]
Psammonobiotidae* Golemansky 1974, emend. Meisterfeld 2002. Alepiella, Chardezia, Edaphonobiotus, Feuerbornia, Frenzelina, Lesquerella, Micramphora, Micropsammella, Nadinella, Ogdeniella, Psammonobiotus, Propsammonobiotus, Rhumbleriella.
Sarcomonadea Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2018 (P)
Cercomonadida Poche 1913, emend. Vickerman 1983, emend. Mylnikov 1986, emend. Karpov et al. 2006; emend Howe et al. 2009; emend Cavalier-Smith 2012 [Cercomonadidae Kent 1880, emend. Mylnikov and Karpov 2004; Cercobodonidae Hollande 1942]. Cercomonas, Eoercomonas, Filomonas, Neocercomonas, Cavernomonas.
Paracercomonadida Cavalier-Smith 2018 [Paracercomonadidae Cavalier-Smith & Karpov 2012]. Brevimastigomonas, Metabolomonas, Nucleocercomonas, Paracercomonas, Phytocercomonas.
Glissomonadida Howe & Cavalier-Smith 2009 [Heteromitidae Kent 1880, emend. Mylnikov 1990, emend. Mylnikov & Karpov 2004]
Saccharomycomorphidae Feng, He, Jiang, Zhang & Yu 2021. Saccharomycomorpha.
Sandonidae Howe et al. 2009. Sandona, Flectomonas, Neoheteromita, Mollimonas.
Dujardinidae Howe & Cavalier-Smith 2011. Dujardina.
Bodomorphidae Hollande 1952, emend. Cavalier-Smith in Howe et al. 2009. Bodomorpha.
Proleptomonadidae Howe et al. 2009. Proleptomonas.
Allapsidae Howe & Cavalier-Smith 2009. Allapsa, Teretomonas, Allantion.
Viridiraptoridae Hess & Melkonian 2013. Orciraptor, Viridiraptor.
Pansomonadidae Vickerman in Vickerman et al. 2005. Agitata, Aurigamonas.
Sainouroidea Schuler et al. 2018 [Helkesida Cavalier-Smith 2018]
Sainouridae Cavalier-Smith 2008. Acantholus, Cholamonas, Homocognata, Sainouron.
Helkesimastigidae Cavalier-Smith 2008. Helkesimastix.
Guttulinopsidae Olive 1970. Guttulinopsis, Olivorum, Puppisaman, Rosculus.
Thecofilosea Cavalier-Smith 2003, emend. Cavalier-Smith 2011. Incertae sedis: Mataza.
Phaeodarea Haeckel 1879 [Tripylea Hertwig 1879]
Phaeoconchia Haeckel 1879. Coelodendrum, Coelographis, Conchellium, Conchopsis.
Phaeocystina Haeckel 1879. Aulacantha, Aulographis, Cannoraphis.
Phaeogromia Haeckel 1879. Castanella, Challengeron, Haeckeliana, Medusetta, Tuscarora.
Phaeosphaeria Haeckel 1879. Aulosphaera, Cannosphaera, Sagosphaera.
Cryomonadida Cavalier-Smith 1993
Rhogostomidae Dumack et al. 2017. Rhogostoma, Sacciforma, Capsellina.
Protaspidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Cryomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 1993]. Cryothecomonas, Protaspa.
Ventricleftida Cavalier-Smith 2011
Ventrifissuridae Cavalier-Smith 2018. Ventrifissura.
Verrucomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2018. Verrucomonas.
Tectofilosida Cavalier-Smith 2003
Chlamydophryidae De Saedeleer, 1934. Chlamydophryse, Diaphoropodon, Lecythium, Trachyrhizium.
Psammonobiotidae Golemansky, 1974. Micropsamella.
?Volutellidae Sudzuki, 1979. Pseudovolutella, Volutella.
Fiscullina Cavalier-Smith 2018
Fiscullidae Dumack, Mausbach and Bonkowski in Dumack et al. 2017. Fisculla, Omnivora.
Pseudodifflugiidae De Saedeleer 1934. Pseudodifflugia.
Rhizaspididae Skuja 1948. Rhizaspis.
Ebriacea Lemmermann 1901 [Ebriidae Poche 1913; Ebriida Deflandre 1936]. Ebria, Hermesinum, Botuliforma.
Imbricatea Cavalier-Smith 2011
Spongomonadida Hibberd 1983 [Spongomonadidae Karpov 1990]. Rhipidodendron, Spongomonas.
Marimonadida Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2011
Abolliferidae Cavalier-Smith 2018. Abollifer, Cowlomonas, ?Heterochromonas.
Auranticordidae Cavalier-Smith 2018. Auranticordis, Rhabdamoeba.
Cyranomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2018. Cyranomonas.
Pseudopirsoniidae Cavalier-Smith 2018. Pseudopirsonia.
Variglissida Cavalier-Smith 2014
Clautriaviidae Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith and Scoble, 2013. Clautriavia.
Nudifilidae Cavalier-Smith in Howe et al., 2011. Nudifila.
Quadriciliidae Cavalier-Smith 2018. Quadricilia.
Silicofilosea Adl et al. 2005, emend. Adl et al. 2012
Thaumatomonadida Shirkina 1987 [Thaumatomastigidae Patterson and Zoelfell 1991]
Thaumatomonadidae Hollande 1952. Allas, Hyaloselene, Reckertia, Thaumatomonas, Thaumatomastix, Ovaloplaca, Scutellomonas, Thaumatospina, Penardeugenia.
Peregriniidae Cavalier-Smith 2011. Gyromitus, Peregrinia.
Esquamulidae Shiratori, Yabuki & Ishida 2012. Esquamula.
Euglyphida Copeland 1956, emend. Cavalier-Smith 1997. Incertae sedis: Phaeobola.
Cyphoderiidae de Saedeleer 1934. Campascus*, Corythionella, Cyphoderia [Schaudinnula], Messemvriella*, Pseudocorythion, Ichthyosquama, Knarr, Oleiformis, Psammoderia.
Paulinellidae de Saedeleer 1934, emend. Adl et al. 2012. Micropyxidiella, Ovulinata, Paulinella.
Euglyphina Kosakyan et al. 2016
Assulinidae Lara et al. 2007. Assulina, Placocista, Valkanovia*.
Sphenoderiidae Chatelain et al. 2013. Sphenoderia, Trachelocorythion, Deharvengia*.
Trinematidae Hoogenraad & De Groot 1940, emend Adl et al. 2012. Corythion, Playfairina*, Puytoracia*, Trinema.
Euglyphidae Wallich 1864, emend Lara et al. 2007. Euglypha, Scutiglypha.
Tracheleuglypha Deflandre 1928
Trivalvulariida Siemensma & Dumack 2020. Leptogromia, Trivalvularis.
Metromonadea Cavalier-Smith 2007, emend. Cavalier-Smith 2011. Metromonas, Metopion, Micrometopion, Kiitoksia.
Granofilosea Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2009. Incertae sedis granofilosean genera*: ?Apogromia, ?Kibisidytes, ?Leucodictyon, ?Limnofila, ?Mesofila, ?Microcometes, ?Microgromia, ?Nanofila, ?Reticulamoeba and probably ?Belaria, ?Ditrema, ?Heliomorpha [=Dimorpha] and ?Paralieberkuehnia.
Massisteridae Cavalier-Smith 1993. Massisteria, Minimassisteria.
Clathrulinidae Claus 1874 [Desmothoracida Hertwig and Lesser 1874]. Actinosphaeridium, Cienkowskya*, Clathrulina, Hedriocystis, Penardiophrys, ?Servetia.
Chlorarachnea Hibberd & Norris 1984. Amorphochlora, Bigelowiella, Chlorarachnion, Cryptochlora, Gymnochlora, Lotharella, Minorisa, Partenskyella, Viridiuvalis.



Endomyxa Cavalier-Smith 2002, emend. Bass & Berney in Adl et al. 2019

Vampyrellida West 1901, emend. Hess et al. 2012 [Aconchulinida De Saedeleer 1934]. Incertae sedis: Arachnula, Gobiella, Lateromyxa, Penardia.
Thalassomyxa Grell 1985
Vampyrellidae Zopf 1885. Vampyrella.
Leptophryidae Hess, Sausen & Melkonian 2012. Arachnomyxa, Leptophrys, Planctomyxa, Platyreta, Pseudovampyrella, Theratromyxa, Vernalophrys.
Placopodidae Jahn 1928 [Hyalodiscidae Poche 1913]. Placopus.
Sericomyxidae More, Simpson & Hess 2021. Sericomyxa.
Phytomyxea Engler & Prantl 1897
Marinomyxa Kolátková, Čepička, Hoffman & Vohník 2021
Plasmodiophorida Cook 1928 [Plasmodiophorales Engl. 1892; Plasmodiophoromycota R.H. Whittaker 1969]. Plasmodiophora [Ostenfeldiella], Polymyxa, Woronina, Ligniera [Anisomyxa; Rhizomyxa; Sorolpidium], Sorosphaerula [Tuburcinia; Sorosporium], Spongospora [Clathrosorus], ?Membranosorus, ?Octomyxa, ?Polymyxa, ?Sorodiscus, ?Tetramyxa [Molliardia; Thecaphora].
Phagomyxida Cavalier-Smith 1993. Phagomyxa, Maullinia.
Filoreta Bass & Cavalier-Smith 2009
Gromia Dujardin 1835
Ascetosporea Sprague 1979, emend. Cavalier-Smith 2009
Haplosporida Caullery & Mesnil 1899. Bonamia, Haplosporidium, Minchinia, Urosporidium.
Mikrocytida Hartikainen et al. 2013. Mikrocytos, Paramikrocytos.
Paramyxida Chatton 1911. Marteilia, Paramyxa, Paramarteilia, Marteilioides, Eomarteilia.
Claustrosporidium Larsson 1987
Paradiniida Schiller 1935. Paradinium.



Retaria Cavalier-Smith 2002

Foraminifera d'Orbigny 1826. Incertae sedis groups: ?Lagenida, ?Heterogromia, ?Komokiacea*.
Monothalamids Pawlowski et al. 2013 (P) [currently under revision]. All genera traditionally in Allogromiida, Astrorhizida, and the Xenophyophorea. Genera unplaced into families: Allogromia, Astrammina, Crithionina, Notodendrodes, Psammophaga, Bathysiphon.
Nujappikia Gooday & Holzmann 2022
Allogromiidae Rhumbler 1904. Vellaria.
Lieberkuehniidae Siemensma et al. 2021. Lieberkuehnia, Claparedellus.
Edaphoallogromiidae Siemensma et al. 2021. Edaphoallogromia.
Lacogromiidae Siemensma & Holzmann 2021. Lacogromia.
Limnogromiidae Holzmann & Siemensma 2021. Limnogromia.
Reticulomyxidae Page 1987, emend. Hülsmann 2014. Reticulomyxa, Dracomyxa, Haplomyxa, Wobo.
Schizamminidae Nørvang, 1961. Jullienella, Schizammina, Spiculosiphon.
Velamentofexidae Völcker & Clauß 2021. Velamentofex.
Tubothalamea Pawlowski et al. 2012. †Fusulinida Delage & Hérouard 1896 probably belongs to this group.
Miliolida Delage & Hérouard 1896. Alveolina, Cornuspira, Miliammina, Pyrgo, Quinqueloculina, Sorites.
Spirillinida Hohenegger & Piller 1975. Patellina, Spirillina.
Ammodiscidae Reuss 1862. Ammodiscus, Glomospira.
Globothalamea Pawlowski et al. 2012
Rotaliida Delage & Hérouard 1896
Planorbulinidae Schwager 1877. Planorbulinella, Hyalinea.
Discorboidea Ehrenberg 1838
Discorbidae Ehrenberg 1838. Discorbis.
Rosalinidae Reiss 1963. Rupertina, Discanomalina, "Rosalina", Gavelinopsis, Planorbulina.
Rotalioidea Ehrenberg 1839, emend. Pawlowski 2013. Incertae sedis genera: ?Criboelphidium, ?"Elphidium", ?Protelphidium.
Elphidiidae Galloway 1933. Elphidium.
Ammoniidae Saidova 1981. Ammonia.
Elphidiellidae Holzmann & Pawlowski 2017. Elphidiella.
Haynesinidae Mikhalevich 2013. Haynesina, Aubignyna.
Glabratelloidea Loeblich & Tappan 1964
Rotaliellidae Loeblich & Tappan 1964. Rotaliella, Rossyatella.
Buliminoididae Seiglie 1970. Buliminoides.
Glabratellidae Loeblich & Tappan 1964. Glabratella, Glabratellina, Angulodiscorbis, Planoglabratella.
Calcarinoidea Schwager 1876
Calcarinidae Schwager 1876. Neorotalia, Baculogypsina, Baculogypsinoides, Schlumbergerella, Pararotalia.
Nummulitoidea de Blainville 1827
Nummulitidae de Blainville 1827. Nummulites, Operculinella, Cycloclypeus, Heterostegina, Operculina, Planoperculina, Planostegina.
Serioidea Holzmann & Pawlowski 2017
Uvigerinidae Haeckel 1894. Uvigerina, Rectuvigerina, Trifarina.
Bolivinitidae Glaessner 1937. Bolivina, Brizalina, Saidovina.
Cassidulinidae d'Orbigny 1839. Globocassidulina, Cassidulinoides, Evolvocassidulina, Islandiella, Ehrenbergina
Sphaeroidinidae Cushman 1927. Sphaeroidina.
Globobuliminidae Cushman 1927. Globobulimina.
Incertae sedis Rotaliida families:
?Nonionidae Schultze 1854. Nonion, Nonionella, Nonionellina, Nonionoides.
?Virgulinellidae Loeblich & Tappan 1984. Virgulinella.
?Buliminidae Jones 1875. Bulimina.
?Epistominellidae Holzmann & Pawlowski 2017. Epistominella.
?Stainforthiidae Reiss 1963. Stainforthia, Gallitellia.
?Cibicididae Cushman 1927. Cibicides, Cibicidoides, Heterolepa.
?Chilostomellidae Brady 1881. Chilostomella.
?Pullenidae Schwager 1877. Pullenia.
?Nuttalidae Saidova 1981. Nuttalides.
?Discorbinellidae Sigal 1952. Discorbinella, Hanzawaia.
?Astrononionidae Cushman & Edwards 1937. Astrononion.
?Oridorsalidae Loeblich & Tappan 1984. Oridorsalis.
?Melonidae Holzmann & Pawlowski 2017. Melonis.
?Cymbaloporidae Cushman 1927. Cymbaloporella.
?Rubratelliidae Holzmann & Pawlowski 2017. Rubratella.
?Murrayinelliidae Holzmann & Pawlowski 2017. Murrayinella.
Globigerinida Lankester 1885 emend. Arz, Arenillas & Gilabert 2022 (P)
†Parvularugoglobigerinoidea Arenillas, Arz & Gilabert 2022
†Parvularuglobigerinidae Arenillas, Arz & Gilabert 2022. Pseudocaucasina, Palaeoglobigerina, Parvularugoglobigerina.
Eoglobigerinoidea BouDagher-Fadel 2012
†Eoglobigerinidae Blow 1979. Alicantina, Eoclavatorella, Eoglobigerina, Parasubbotina, Pseudoglobigerinella, Subbotina, Turbeogloborotalia.
Globoquadrinidae Blow 1979. Dentoglobigerina, Globoquadrina.
†Neoacarininidae BouDagher-Fadel 2012. Neoacarinina.
†Porticulasphaeridae Banner 1982. Globigerinatheka, Guembelitrioides, Inordinatosphaera, Orbulinoides, Porticulasphaera.
Globigerinoidea Carpenter, Parker & Jones 1862
Globigerinidae Carpenter, Parker & Jones 1862. Alloglobigerinoides, Ciperoella, Globigerina, Globicuniculus, Globigerinoides, Globigerinoidesella, Globoturborotalita, Trilobigerina [Trilobatus], Zeaglobigerina.
Globigerinellidae BouDagher-Fadel 2012. Beella, Bolliella, Globigerinella, Orcadia, Protentella, Quiltyella.
Hastigerinidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan 1957. Hastigerina, Hastigerinella, Hastigerinopsis.
Orbulinidae Schultze 1854. Biorbulina, Candorbulina, Orbulina, Praeorbulina.
Sphaeroidinellidae Banner & Blow 1959. Prosphaeroidinella, Sphaeroidinella, Sphaeroidinellopsis.
Turborotalitidae Hofker 1976. Berggrenia, Turborotalita.
Globorotalioidea Cushman 1927
†Catapsydracidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan 1957. Catapsydrax, Globigerinopsoides, Globigerinoita, Velapertina.
Globorotaloididae Banner & Blow 1959. Clavatorella, Globorotaloides, Protentelloides.
Globorotaliidae Cushman 1927. Dentigloborotalia, Globoconella, Globorotalia, Hirsutella, Jenkinsella, Menardella, Neogloboquadrina, Paragloborotalia, Truncorotalia.
Pulleniatinidae Cushman 1927. Pulleniatina.
†Globanomalinidoidea Loeblich & Tappan 1984
†Globanomalinidae Loeblich & Tappan 1984. Carinoturborotalia, Globanomalina, Luterbacheria, Planoglobanomalina, Turborotalia.
†Hantkeninoidea Cushman 1927
†Pseudohastigerinidae Canudo 1990. Pseudohastigerina.
†Hantkeninidae Cushman 1927. Applinella, Aragonella, Clavigerinella, Cribrohantkenina, Hantkenina.
†Truncorotaloidinoidea BouDagher-Fadel 2012
†Globigerapsidae Blow 1979. Globigerapsis, Muricoglobigerina.
†Planorotalitidae BouDagher-Fadel 2012. Astrorotalia, Planorotalites.
†Truncorotaloididae Loeblich & Tappan 1961. Acarinina, Igorina, Morozovella, Morozovelloides, Pearsonites, Praemurica, Pseudogloboquadrina, Testacarinata, Truncorotaloides.
†Globotruncanida Arz, Arenillas & Gilabert 2022
†Abathomphaloidea Arz, Arenillas & Gilabert 2022
†Abathomphalidae Pessagno 1967. Abathomphalus.
†Globotruncanellidae Maslakova 1964. Globotruncanella, Spinoglobotruncanella.
†Favuselloidea Longoria 1974
†Conoglobigerinidae BouDagher-Fadel, Banner & Whittaker 1997. Conoglobigerina, Tenuigerina, ?Sphaerogerina.
†Favusellidae Longoria 1974. Ascoliella, Favusella, Koutsoukosia.
†Globuligerinidae Loeblich & Tappan 1984. Compactogerina, Globuligerina, Haeuslerina, Petaloglobigerina.
†Hedbergelloidea Longoria & Gamper 1975
†Ananiidae El-Nakhal 2010. Anania, Badriella, Costellagerina, Hillsella, Liuenella [Liuella], Loeblichella, Muricohedbergella, Paracostellagerina, Pessagnoina, Planohedbergella, Pseudoclavihedbergella, Vanhintella.
†Hedbergellidae Loeblich & Tappan 1961. Asterohedbergella, Clavihedbergella, Hedbergella, Microhedbergella, Paraticinella, Pseudoguembelitria.
†Helvetoglobotruncanidae Lamolda 1976. Angulocarinella, Bermudeziana, Bollitruncana, Fingeria, Hedbergellita, Brittonella, Helvetoglobotruncana, Unitruncatus, Whiteinella.
†Praehedbergellidae Banner & Desai 1988. Blefuscuiana, Gorbachikella, Praehedbergella, Lilliputianella, Lilliputianelloides, Wondersella.
†Globotruncanoidea Brotzen 1942
†Globotruncanidae Brotzen 1942. Contusotruncana, Globotruncana, Marginotruncana, Obliquacarinata, Sphaerotruncana, Ventrotruncana.
†Praeglobotruncanidae Ion 1983. Concavatotruncana, Dicarinella, Falsotruncana, Rotundina, Praeglobotruncana, Verotruncana.
†Reissidae Korchagin 2001. Elevatotruncana, Globotruncanita, Kassabiana, Radotruncana, Sigalitruncana, Turbotruncana.
†Planomalinoidea Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan 1957
†Eohastigerinellidae Loeblich & Tappan 1984. Eohastigerinella, Hastigerinoides.
†Globigerinelloididae Longoria 1974. Alanlordella, Allotheca, Biglobigerinella, Blowiella, Claviblowiella, Globigerinelloides, Pseudoschackoina.
†Planomalinidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan 1957. Bannerina, Planomalina, Pseudoplanomalina.
†Schackoinidae Pokorný 1958. Asymetria, Groshenyia, Leupoldina, Neoschackoina, Schackoina.
†Rotaliporoidea Sigal 1958
†Rotaliporidae Sigal 1958. Anaticinella, Pseudothalmanninella, Rotalipora, Thalmanninella.
†Ticinellidae Longoria 1974. Biticinella, Claviticinella, Ticinella.
†Rugoglobigerinoidea Subbotina 1959
†Helvetiellidae Longoria & Gamper 1984. Archaeoglobigerina, Bucherina, Dorbignya, Edgarinella, Gandolfia, Gansserina, Globocarinata, Helvetiella, Kuglerina.
†Rugoglobigerinidae Subbotina 1959. Archaeoglobitruncana, Plummerita, Rugoglobigerina, Rugosocarinata, Rugotruncana, Trinitella.
†Heterohelicida Fursenko 1958, emend. Arz, Arenillas & Gilabert 2022
†Heterohelicoidea Cushman 1927
†Gublerinidae Aliyulla 1977. Gublerina, Lipsonia, Praegublerina.
†Heterohelicidae Cushman 1927. Braunella, Bronnimannella, Ehrenbergites, Globoheterohelix, Fleisherites, Hartella, Heterohelix, Huberella, Laeviheterohelix, Lazarusina, Lunatriella, Magellanina, Mihaia, Nederbragtina, Planoheterohelix, Protoheterohelix, Pseudoplanoglobulina, Steineckia, Striataella, Texasina, ?Bifarina, ?Rectoguembelina, ?Zeauvigerina.
†Pseudotextulariidae Maamouri & Salaj 1978. Planoglobulina, Pseudotextularia, Racemiguembelina.
†Pseudoguembelinidae Aliyulla 1977. Eicheriella, Leptobimodalia, Pseudoguembelina.
†Spiroplectidae Cushman 1911. Hendersonites [Hendersonia], Neohendersonites, Paraspiroplecta, Spiroplecta.
†Ventilabrellidae Maamouri & Salaj 1978. Planulitella, Proliferania, Sigalia, Ventilabrella.
†Guembelitriida Arenillas, Arz & Gilabert 2022
†Cassigerinelloidea Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan 1957
†Cassigerinellidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan 1957. Cassigerinella, Riveroinella.
†Guembelitrioidea Montanaro-Gallitelli 1957
†Guembelitriidae Montanaro-Gallitelli 1957. Cassigerinelloita, Guembelitria, Chiloguembelitria, Jenkinsina, ?Archaeoguembelitria, ?Gallitellia, ?Guembelitriella.
†Chiloguembelinoidea Reiss 1963
†Chiloguembelinidae Reiss 1963. Chiloguembelina, Woodringina, ?Streptochilus.
†Globoconusoidea BouDagher-Fadel 2012
†Globoconusidae BouDagher-Fadel 2012. Globoconusa, Trochoguembelitria,
Order ? (unnamed)
Globigerinitoidea BouDagher-Fadel 2012, emend. Arenillas, Arz & Gilabert 2022
Candeinidae Cushman 1927. Candeina.
†Globigerinatellidae BouDagher-Fadel 2012. Globigerinatella.
Globigerinitidae Bermúdez 1961. Globigerinita, Mutabella, Polyperibola, Tinophodella.
Tenuitellidae BouDagher-Fadel 2012. Praetenuitella, Tenuitella, Tenuitellinata, Tenuitellita.
†Family ? (unnamed). Dipsidripella, ?Antarcticella.
Robertinida Loeblich & Tappan 1984. Hoeglundina, Robertina, Robertinoides.
Textulariida Delage & Hérouard 1896 (P). Cyclammina, Eggerella, Reophax, Textularia, Trochammina.
Carterinida Loeblich & Tappan 1981. Carterina.
Radiolaria Müller 1858, sensu Adl et al. 2005
Acantharea Haeckel 1881, emend. Mikrjukov 2000
Chaunocanthida Schewiakoff 1926. Amphiacon, Conacon, Gigartacon, Heteracon, Stauracon.
Holocanthida Schewiakoff 1926. Acanthochiasma, Acanthocolla, Acanthoplegma.
Symphyacanthida Schewiakoff 1926. Amphilithium, Astrolonche, Pseudolithium.
Arthracanthida Schewiakoff 1926. Acanthometra, Daurataspis, Dictyacantha, Diploconus, Phractopelta, Phyllostaurus, Pleuraspis, Stauracantha.
Taxopodida Fol 1883. Sticholonche.
Polycystinea Ehrenberg 1838, emend. Haeckel 1887
Spumellaria Ehrenberg 1875, Haeckel 1887, emend. Riedel 1967. Actinomma, Didymocyrtis, Euchitonia, Hexacontium, Hexalonche, Hexastylus, Octodendron, Plegmosphaera, Saturnalis, Spongaster, Spongosphaera.
Nassellaria Ehrenberg 1875, emend. Haeckel 1887. Artostrobus, Eucyrtidium, Lithomelissa, Pterocanium, Pterocorys.
Collodaria Haeckel 1887. Acrosphaera, Collosphaera, Collozoum, Sphaerozoum, Rhaphidozoum, Siphonsphaera, Thalassicolla.
Orodaria Nakamura & Suzuki 2020
Oroscenidae Haeckel 1887 emend. Nakamura & Suzuki 2021 [Orosphaerida Haeckel 1887; Orosphaeridae Haecker 1908]. Oroscena, Orostaurus, Oropelex. Nomina dubia genera: Orosphaera, Orodictyum, Orona, Oronium.
Thalassothamnidae Haecker 1906 emend. Nakamura & Suzuki 2021 [Cytocladidae Schröder, 1908]. Thalassothamnus, Cytocladus. Nomen dubium genus: Conostylus.
†Entactinaria Kozur & Mostler 1982 sensu Nakamura & Suzuki 2020
†Entactiniidae Riedel 1967. Afanasievella, Apophysiactinia, Borisella, Callela, Cancellosphaera, Costaentactinia, Cyclocarpus nomen dubium, Duodecimentactinia, Langsonsphaera, Entactinosphaera, Gracilentactinia, Holdisphaera, Involutentactinia, Kashiwara, Magnentactinia, Magnisphaera, Microporosa, Moskovistella, Multientactinia, Munzuwonella, Paratriposphaera, Perforentactinia, Plenoentactinia, Plenosphaera, Pluristratoentactinia, Polyedroentactinia, Provisocyntra, Radiobisphaera, Retentactinia, Retisphaera, Sinosphaera, Spongentactinia, Stigmosphaerostylus, Trilonche, Uberinterna, Wuyia.
†Tetrentactiniidae Kozur & Mostler 1979. Multisphaera.
†Triassothamnidae Takahashi, Maekawa & Dumitrica 2022. Triassothamnus.




= Haptista Cavalier-Smith 2003

=
Haptophyta Hibberd 1976, ex. Edvardsen & Eikrem 2000
Pavlovales Green 1976 [Pavlovophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1986]. Diacronema, Exanthemachrysis, Pavlova, Rebecca.
Prymnesiophyceae Hibberd 1976
Prymnesiales Papenfuss 1955, emend. Edvardsen & Eikrem 2000. Chrysochromulina, Chrysocampanula, Dicrateria, Haptolina, Prymnesium, Pseudohaptolina.
Phaeocystales Medlin 2000. Phaeocystis.
Isochrysidales Pascher 1910, emend. Edvardsen & Eikrem 2000. Emiliania, Gephyrocapsa, Isochrysis, Ruttnera, Tisochrysis.
Coccolithales Schwarz 1932, emend. Edvardsen & Eikrem 2000. Balaniger, Calciosolenia, Coccolithus, Hymenomonas, Chrysotila, Wigwamma.
Rappephyceae M. Kawachi, R. Kamikawa & T. Nakayama 2021
Pavlomulinales M. Kawachi & I. Inouye 2021. Pavlomulina.
Centroplasthelida Febvre-Chevalier & Febvre 1984 [Centrohelea Kühn 1926 sensu Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al. 2012; Centroheliozoa Dürrschmidt & Patterson 1987]
?Parasphaerastrum.
?Spiculophryidae Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018. Spiculophrys.
Pterocystida Cavalier-Smith and von der Heyden 2007, emend. Shɨshkin and Zlatogursky 2018
Raphidista Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018
Choanocystidae Cavalier-Smith & von der Heyden 2007. Choanocystis.
Raphidiophryidae Febvre-Chevalier & Febvre 1984, emend. Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018. Raphidiophrys.
Pterista Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018
Oxnerellidae Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2012. Oxnerella.
Pterocystidae Cavalier-Smith & von der Heyden 2007. Pterocystis, Raineriophrys, Chlamydaster, Pseudoraphidiophrys, Pseudoraphidocystis, Triangulopteris, Khitsovia.
Heterophryidae Poche 1913, emend. Cavalier-Smith & von der Heyden 2007. Heterophrys, Sphaerastrum.
Panacanthocystida Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018
Yogsothothidae Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018 [Chthonida Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018; Yogsothothina Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018]. Yogsothoth.
Acanthocystida Cavalier-Smith & von der Heyden 2007 emend. Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018
Marophryidae Cavalier-Smith & von der Heyden 2007 emend. Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018 [Marophryina Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al. 2012]. Marophrys.
Chalarothoracina Hertwig & Lesser 1874 sensu Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al. 2012 emend. Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018
Acanthocystidae Claus 1874 emend. Shɨshkin & Zlatogursky 2018. Acanthocystis.
Raphidocystidae Zlatogursky 2018. Raphidocystis.




= Cryptista Cavalier-Smith 1989, 2018, emend. Adl et al. 2019

=
Palpitomonas bilix Yabuki & Ishida 2010
Rollomonadia Cavalier-Smith 2013 [Cryptophyta Silva 1962; Cryptophyta Cavalier-Smith 1986]
?Bjornbergiella Bicudo 1965
Kathablepharididae Vørs 1992 emend. Clay & Kugrens 1999 [Kathablepharidaceae Skuja 1939; Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith 2004]. Hatena, Kathablepharis, Leucocryptos, Platychilomonas, Roombia.
Cryptomonada Cavalier-Smith 2004
Cyathomonadacea Pringsheim 1944
Goniomonadidae Hill 1991. Goniomonas [previously Cyathomonas].
Hemiarmidae Cavalier-Smith 2017. Hemiarma.
Cryptophyceae Fritsch in West & Fritsch 1927 [Cryptomonadea Stein 1878 emend. Schoenichen 1925]. Incertae sedis taxa: Cyanomonas, Plagioselmis.
Cryptomonadales Pascher 1913 emend. Clay et al. 1999
Baffinellaceae Daugbjerg & Norlin 2018. Baffinella.
Cryptomonadaceae Clay et al. 1999. Cryptomonas, Chilomonas.
Pyrenomonadales Clay et al. 1999
Pyrenomonadaceae Novarino & Lucas 1993. Pyrenomonas [=Rhodomonas], Storeatula, Rhinomonas.
Geminigeraceae Clay et al. 1999. Geminigera, Teleaulax, Hanusia, Guillardia, Proteomonas.
Chroomonadaceae Clay et al. 1999. Chroomonas, Falcomonas, Komma.
Hemiselmidaceae Butcher 1967. Hemiselmis.
?Tetragonidiales Kristiansen 1992. Tetragonidium.




Excavates






= Malawimonadida Cavalier-Smith 2003

=
Malawimonadidae O' Kelly & Nerad 1999. Gefionella, Malawimonas.
Imasidae Heiss, Simpson, & Kim 2020. Imasa.




= Metamonada Grassé 1952, emend. Cavalier-Smith 1987

=
Barthelona Bernard, Simpson & Patterson 2000
Skoliomonas Eglit & Simpson 2024
Anaeramoebae [Anaeramoebidae Táborský, Pánek & Čepička 2017]. Anaeramoeba.
Fornicata Simpson 2003
"Carpediemonas-like organisms" (Kolisko et al. 2010) (P). Aduncisulcus, Carpediemonas, Dysnectes, Ergobibamus, Hicanonectes, Kipferlia.
Diplomonadida Wenyon 1926
Hexamitinae Kent 1880. Enteromonas, Gyromonas*, Hexamita, Spironucleus, Trepomonas, Trigonomonas*, Trimitus.
Giardiinae Kulda & Nohýnková 1978. Brugerolleia*, Giardia, Octomitus.
Retortamonadida Grassé 1952 (P). Chilomastix, Retortamonas.
Caviomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013. Caviomonas*, Iotanema.
Parabasalia Honigberg 1973
?Tricercomitus
Trichomonadida Kirby 1947. Cochlosoma, Dientamoeba, Lacusteria, Pentatrichomonas, Pentatrichomonoides, Pseudotrichomonas, Pseudotrypanosoma, Tetratrichomonas, Trichomonas, Trichomonoides, Trichomitopsis.
Honigbergiellida Čepička et al. 2010 (P?). Ditrichomonas, Cthulhu, Cthylla, Hexamastix, Honigbergiella, Monotrichomonas.
Hypotrichomonadida Čepička et al. 2010. Hypotrichomonas, Trichomitus.
Tritrichomonadida Čepička et al. 2010 (P?). Dientamoeba, Histomonas, Monocercomonas, Parahistomonas, Simplicimonas, Tritrichomonas.
Cristamonadida Brugerolle & Patterson 2001. Caduceia, Calonympha, Coronympha, Deltotrichonympha, Devescovina, Foaina, Gigantomonas, Joenia, Joenina, Joenoides, Joenopsis*, Kofoidia, Koruga, Macrotrichomonas, Macrotrichomonoides, Metadevescovina, Mixotricha, Pachyjoenia*, Projoenia*, Pseudodevescovina, Rhizonympha*, Snyderella, Stephanonympha.
Spirotrichonymphida Grassé 1952. Holomastigotes*, Holomastigotoides, Microjoenia*, Micromastigotes*, Rostronympha*, Spiromastigotes*, Spironympha*, Spirotrichonympha*, Spirotrichonymphella, Uteronympha*.
Lophomonadida Light 1927. Lophomonas.
Trichonymphida Poche 1913. Barbulanympha, Eucomonympha, Heliconympha, Hoplonympha, Leptospironympha, Macrospironympha*, Pseudotrichonympha, Rhynchonympha*, Spirotrichosoma*, Staurojoenina, Teranympha, Trichonympha, Urinympha.
Preaxostyla Simpson 2003
Oxymonadida Grassé 1952. Barroella, Blattamonas, Brachymonas, Dinenympha, Microrhopalodina, Monocercomonoides, Notila, Opisthomitus, Oxymonas, Paranotila, Polymastix, Pyrsonympha, Sauromonas, Saccinobaculus, Streblomastix, Tubulimonoides.
Trimastigidae Saville Kent 1880-1882. Trimastix.
Paratrimastigidae Zhang et al. 2015. Paratrimastix.




= Discoba Simpson in Hampl et al. 2009

=



Jakobida Cavalier-Smith 1993

Ophirinina Yabuki, Gyaltshen, Heiss & Kim 2018
Agogonidae Galindo, Prokina, Torruella, López-García & Moreira 2023. Agogonia.
Ophirinidae Yabuki, Gyaltshen, Heiss & Kim 2018. Ophirina.
Andalucina Cavalier-Smith 2013
Andaluciidae Cavalier-Smith 2013. Andalucia.
Stygiellidae Pánek, Táborský & Čepička 2015. Stygiella, Velundella.
Histionina Cavalier-Smith 2013. Histiona, Jakoba, Moramonas, Reclinomonas, Seculamonas nomen nudum.



Tsukubamonadida Yabuki et al. 2011

Tsukubamonadidae Yabuki et al. 2011. Tsukubamonas.



Heterolobosea Page & Blanton 1985

Pharyngomonada Cavalier-Smith 2008. Pharyngomonas
Tetramitia Cavalier-Smith 1993
Selenaionidae Hanousková et al. 2018. Dactylomonas, Selenaion.
Neovahlkampfiidae Hanousková et al. 2018. Neovahlkampfia.
Eutetramitia Hanousková et al. 2018
Vahlkampfiidae Jollos 1917 (P). Fumarolamoeba, Heteramoeba, Naegleria, Neovahlkampfia, Paravahlkampfia, Tetramitus, Vahlkampfia, Willaertia.
Gruberellidae Page & Blanton 1985. Gruberella*, Stachyamoeba.
Acrasidae Poche 1913. Acrasis, Allovahlkampfia, Pocheina.
Percolomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2008. Percolomonas.
Psalteriomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 1993. Harpagon, Psalteriomonas, Monopylocystis, Pseudoharpagon, Sawyeria.
Stephanopogonidae Corliss 1961. Stephanopogon.
Creneidae Pánek et al. 2014. Creneis.
Tulamoebidae Kirby et al. 2015. Pleurostomum, Tulamoeba.



Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith 1981, emend. Simpson 1997

Euglenida Butschli 1884, emend. Simpson 1997. Uncertain genera: †Moyeria Thusu 1973.
Petalomonadida Cavalier-Smith 1993. Atraktomonas*, Biundula*, Calycimonas, Dolium, Dylakosoma*, Notosolenus, Pentamonas*, Petalomonas, Scytomonas, Sphenomonas, Tropidoscyphus*.
Alistosa Lax & Simpson 2021. Ploeotia, Serpenomonas, Keelungia, Lentomonas, Decastava.
Entosiphon Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Vickerman 2016
Gaulosia Lax, Cho & Keeling 2023
Karavia Lax, Cho & Keeling 2023. Hemiolia, Liburna.
Olkaspira Lax & Simpson 2021.
Chelandium Lax, Cho & Keeling 2023
Olkasia Lax, Lee, Eglit & Simpson 2019
Spirocuta Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Vickerman 2016 [Helicales Perschke et al. 2017]
Anisonemia Cavalier-Smith 2016
Anisonemidae Kent 1880 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2016. Anisonema, Dinema (P), Heteronema.
Natomonadida Cavalier-Smith 2016
Neometanemidae Cavalier-Smith 2016. Neometanema.
Aphagea Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2003 [Rhabdomonadina Leedale 1967 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1993]. Astasia, Distigma, Gyropaigne, Menoidium, Parmidium, Rhabdomonas.
Peranemidae Bütschli 1884 (P). Chasmostoma, Jenningsia [Peranemopsis], Peranema, Teloprocta, Urceolus [Urceolopsis, Phialonema].
Euglenophyceae Schoenichen 1925, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003 [Euglenea Butschli 1884, emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2002]
Rapaza Yamaguchi et al. 2012
Eutreptiales Leedale 1967, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003. Eutreptia, Eutreptiella.
Euglenales Leedale 1967, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003
Phacaceae Kim et al. 2010. Discoplastis, Lepocinclis, Phacus.
Euglenaceae Dujardin 1841, emend. Kim et al. 2010. Ascoglena, Colacium, Cryptoglena, Euglena, Euglenaformis, Euglenamorpha, Euglenaria, Euglenopsis, Hegneria, Klebsina, Monomorphina, Strombomonas, Trachelomonas.
Diplonemea Cavalier-Smith 1993, emend. Simpson 1997
Diplonemidae Cavalier-Smith 1993, emend. Adl et al. 2019. Diplonema, Rhynchopus, Lacrimia, Sulcionema, Flectonema.
Hemistasiidae Cavalier-Smith 2016, emend. Adl et al. 2019. Hemistasia.
Eupelagonemidae Okamoto & Keeling 2018. Eupelagonema.
Symbiontida Yubuki et al. 2009. Bihospites, Calkinsia, Postgaardi.
Kinetoplastea Honigberg 1963. Incertae sedis genera: ?Bordnamonas, ?Cephalothamnium, ?Rhynchoidomonas.
Prokinetoplastina Vickerman in Moreira et al. 2004. Ichthyobodo, Perkinsela.
Metakinetoplastina Vickerman in Moreira et al. 2004
Neobodonida Vickerman in Moreira et al. 2004. Actuariola, Avlakibodo, Azumiobodo, Cruzella, Cryptaulaxella, Dimastigella, Klosteria, Neobodo, Phanerobia, Rhynchobodo, Rhynchomonas.
Parabodonida Vickerman in Moreira et al. 2004. Cryptobia, Jarrellia, Parabodo, Procryptobia, Trypanoplasma.
Eubodonida Vickerman in Moreira et al. 2004. Bodo.
Trypanosomatida Kent 1880, emend. Vickerman in Moreira et al. 2004. Angomonas, Blechomonas, Leptomonas, Paratrypanosoma, Sergeia, Strigomonas, Wallaceina, Phytomonas, Trypanosoma.
Leishmaniinae Maslov & Lukeš 2012. Borovskyia, Crithidia, Leptomonas, Lotmaria, Novymonas, Porcisia, Zelonia, Endotrypanum, Leishmania.




Orphan groups


Meteora sporadica Hausmann, Weitere, Wolf & Arndt, 2002




= Hemimastigophora Foissner et al. 1988

=
Spironematellidae Silva 1980 emend. Shɨshkin 2022 [Spironemidae Doflein 1916 nom. inval.]. Hemimastix Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner 1988, Spironematella Silva 1970 emend. Shɨshkin 2022 [Spironema Klebs 1893 nom. inval.], Stereonema Foissner & Foissner 1993.
Paramastigidae Skuja 1948 emend. Karpov 2012. Paramastix Skuja 1948.




= Provora Tikhonenkov et al. 2022

=
Nibbleridia Tikhonenkov et al. 2022 → Nibbleridea Tikhonenkov et al. 2022 → Nibbleridida Tikhonenkov et al. 2022 → Nibbleridae Tikhonenkov et al. 2022: Nibbleromonas Tikhonenkov et al. 2022, Ubysseya Tikhonenkov et al. 2022.
Nebulidia Tikhonenkov et al. 2022 → Nebulidea Tikhonenkov et al. 2022 → Nebulidida Tikhonenkov et al. 2022 → Nebulidae Tikhonenkov et al. 2022: Nebulomonas Tikhonenkov et al. 2022, Ancoracysta Janouškovec, Tikhonenkov, Burki, Howe, Rohwer, Mylnikov & Keeling 2017.




= CRuMs Brown et al. 2018

=
Diphyllatea Cavalier-Smith 2003 → Diphylleida Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Anisomonadea Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. 2000] → Collodictyonidae Brugerolle et al. 2002, emend. Adl et al. 2019 [Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993; Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013]: Collodictyon Carter 1865, Diphylleia Massart 1920 [Aulacomonas Skuja 1939], Sulcomonas Brugerolle 2006.
Hilomonadea Cavalier-Smith 2008 emend. 2012 → Rigifilida Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al. 2012 [Micronucleariida Cavalier-Smith 2008]
Micronucleariidae Cavalier-Smith 2008: Micronuclearia Mikrjukov & Mylnikov 2001.
Rigifilidae Yabuki & Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al. 2012: Rigifila Yabuki & Cavalier-Smith 2012.
Glissodiscea Cavalier-Smith 2013 emend. 2021 → Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith in Glücksman et al. 2011 → Mantamonadidae Cavalier-Smith in Glücksman et al. 2011: Mantamonas Glücksman & Cavalier-Smith 2011.




= Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1998

=
Ancyromonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2008. Ancyromonas, Nutomonas.
Planomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 1993. Fabomonas, Planomonas.




= Genera of uncertain affiliation

=
Acinetactis, Actinastrum, Actinocoma, Actinolophus, Adinomonas, Aletium, Amphimonas, Amylophagus, Aphelidiopsis, Asterocaelum, Asthmatos, Aurospora, Barbetia, Berkeleyaesol, Belaria, Belonocystis, Bertarellia, Bertramia, Bodopsis, Boekelovia, Branchipocola, Camptoptyche, Chalarodora, Cibdelia, Cichkovia, Cinetidomyxa, Cingula, Cladomonas, Clathrella, Codonoeca, Coelosporidium, Copromonas, Cyanomastix, Cyclomonas, Cytamoeba, Dallingeria, Dictyomyxa, Dimastigamoeba, Dinemula, Dinoasteromonas, Diplocalium, Diplomita, Diplophysalis, Diploselmis, Dobellina, Ducelleria, Ectobiella, Elaeorhanis, Embryocola, Endamoeba, Endemosarca, Endobiella, Endomonas, Endospora, Enteromyxa, Eperythrocytozoon, Errera, Fromentella, Gweamonas, Gymnococcus, Gymnophrydium, Haematotractidium, Hartmannina, Heliobodo, Heliomonas, Hermisenella, Heterogromia, Hillea, Hyalodaktylethra, Immanoplasma, Isoselmis, Janickina, Kamera, Lagenidiopsis, Liegeosia, Luffisphaera, Lymphocytozoon, Lymphosporidium, Macappella, Magosphaera, Malpighiella, Martineziella, Megamoebomyxa, Meringosphaera, Microcometes, Monochrysis, Monodus, Mononema, Myrmicisporidium, Naupliicola, Nephrodinium, Neurosporidium, Orbulinella, Ovicola, Palisporomonas, Pansporella, Paradinemula, Parakaryon, Paraluffisphaera, Paramonas, Paraplasma, Parastasia, Parastasiella, Peliainia, Peltomonas, Petasaria, Phagodinium, Phanerobia, Phloxamoeba, Phyllomitus, Phyllomonas, Physcosporidium, Pleuophrys, Pleuromastix, Protenterospora, Protomonas, Pseudoactiniscus, Pseudosporopsis, Rhizomonas, Rhynchodinium, Rigidomastix, Schewiakoffia, Sergentella, Serpentoplasma, Sphaerasuctans, Spongastericus, Spongocyclia, Stephanomonas, Strobilomonas, Tetradimorpha, Thaulirens, Topsentella, Toshiba, Trichonema, Urbanella.




See also


Cavalier-Smith's system of classification
Protist
Protists in the fossil record




Notes






References






External links


EukMap – Taxonomy Map of the UniEuk Project

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Protista
• Taksonomi (biologi)
• Kokolitofor
• Klasifikasi biologis
• Ciliata
• Kehidupan
• Tumbuhan tidak berpembuluh
• Foraminifera
• Alga
• Euglena
• Taxonomy of Protista
• Taxonomy (biology)
• Kingdom (biology)
• Protist
• Domain (biology)
• Taxonomy of Pachypodium
• Bacterial taxonomy
• Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae
• Linnaean taxonomy
• Plant taxonomy