• Source: Terebridae

The Terebridae, commonly referred to as auger shells or auger snails, is a family of predatory marine gastropods in the superfamily Conoidea. They have extremely high-spired shells with numerous whorls; their common name refers to the resemblance of their shells to rock-drill bits. More than 400 species are recently known worldwide.




Taxonomy


This family consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):

Terebrinae Mörch, 1852 - synonyms: Acusidae; Acidae Gray, 1853 (inv.)
Pellifroniinae Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020 (with de deep-water genera Pellifronia and Bathyterebra)
Pervicaciinae Rudman, 1969 (with the predominantly Indo-Pacific genera Duplicaria and Partecosta).
In 2019 there was a comprehensive revision of the taxonomy of the Terebridae by Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. in the Journal of Molluscan Studies, including the definition of new genera and the redistribution of many species to other genera.




Shell description


The shells of the sea snails in this family are typically shaped like slender augers or screws. In that respect they share certain shell characters with the family Turritellidae, the turret shells.
One characteristic that distinguishes Terebridae from Turritellidae is the short anterior canal or notch in the aperture of the shell. Terebridae shells also tend to have characteristically flattened versus convex whorls, and they often have one or two plaits on the columella.
Numerous species in this family are grouped under the genera Terebra or Hastula, and a minority of species are placed in four other genera.




Life habits


These snails are sand-dwelling carnivores which live in warmer waters. In most species, a venomous barb similar to that of the cone snails, (see Conidae), is used to stun and immobilize prey, which typically consists of various marine worms.




Genera


Genera in the family Terebridae include:

Bathyterebra Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
Cinguloterebra Oyama, 1961
Clathroterebra Oyama, 1961
Duplicaria Dall, 1908
Euterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
Gemmaterebra Cotton, 1952
Gradaterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
Granuliterebra Oyama, 1961
Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Hastulopsis Oyama, 1961
† Kaweka Marwick, 1931
Maculauger Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
Microtrypetes Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932
† Mirula Palmer, 1942
Myurella Hinds, 1844
Myurellopsis Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
Neoterebra Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
Oxymeris Dall, 1903
Partecosta Dance & Eames, 1966
Pellifronia Terryn & Holford, 2008
Perirhoe Dall, 1908
Pristiterebra Oyama, 1961
Profunditerebra Fedosov, Malcolm, Terryn, Gorson, Modica, Holford & Puillandre, 2020
Punctoterebra Bartsch, 1923
Strioterebrum Sacco, 1891
Terebra Bruguière, 1789 -- type taxon
† Zeacuminia Finlay, 1930










































Genera brought into synonymy

Abretia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Oxymeris Dall, 1903 (invalid: junior homonym of Abretia Rafinesque, 1814; Abretiella is a replacement name)
Abretiella Bartsch, 1923: synonym of Oxymeris Dall, 1903
Acuminia Dall, 1908: synonym of Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Acus Gray, 1847: synonym of Oxymeris Dall, 1903 (invalid: junior homonym of Acus Lacépède, 1803 [Pisces]; Oxymeris is a replacement name)
Brevimyurella Oyama, 1961: synonym of Punctoterebra Bartsch, 1923
Cinguloterebra Oyama, 1961: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Clathroterebra Oyama, 1961: synonym of Myurella Hinds, 1845
Decorihastula Oyama, 1961: synonym of Myurella Hinds, 1844
Dimidacus Iredale, 1929: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Diplomeriza Dall, 1919: synonym of Duplicaria Dall, 1908
Egentelaria Rehder, 1980: synonym of Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Euterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932: synonym of Duplicaria Dall, 1908
Gradaterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932: synonym of Euterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
Hastulina Oyama, 1961: synonym of Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Impages E. A. Smith, 1873: synonym of Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Laeviacus Oyama, 1961: synonym of Pristiterebra Oyama, 1961
Myurellina Bartsch, 1923: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Myurellisca Bartsch, 1923: synonym of Duplicaria Dall, 1908
Noditerebra Cossmann, 1896 †: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Nototerebra Cotton, 1947: synonym of Oxymeris Dall, 1903
Panaterebra Olsson, 1967: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Paraterebra Woodring, 1928: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Partecosta Dance & Eames, 1966: synonym of Euterebra Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
Pervicacia Iredale, 1924: synonym of Duplicaria Dall, 1908
Subula Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Terebrina Bartsch, 1923: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789 (invalid: junior homonym of Terebrina Rafinesque, 1815; Dimidacus is a replacement name)
Terebrum Montfort, 1810: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Terenolla Iredale, 1929: synonym of Myurella Hinds, 1845
Triplostephanus Dall, 1908: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789
Vertagus Link, 1807: synonym of Terebra Bruguière, 1789




References



Bratcher T. & Cernohorsky W.O. (1987). Living terebras of the world. A monograph of the recent Terebridae of the world. American Malacologists, Melbourne, Florida & Burlington, Massachusetts. 240pp
Terryn, Y. (2007). Terebridae: A Collectors Guide. Conchbooks & Natural Art. 59pp + plates.




External links


Gray J.E. (1853). On the division of ctenobranchous gasteropodous Mollusca into larger groups and families. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 2, 11: 124–132
Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. (2020). Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies.
[2]
Terebridae, Auger Shells
Terebra dislocata, Atlantic Auger or Eastern Auger
NC Sea Grant, Seashells of North Carolina Field Guide
[3]
Shell Catalogue Family Terebridae and Terebridae Images




Further reading


Terryn Y. & Holford M. (2008). "The Terebridae of Vanuatu, with a revision of the * Granuliterebra Oyama, 1961". Visaya Supplement 3 (Malacological Journal of Conchology, Inc., Cebu, Philippines).




External links



Terebridae at Seashells of New South Wales
Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. (2020). Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Terebridae
• Auger
• Tenebrae (disambiguation)
• Neoterebra lucana
• Albula
• List of marine molluscs of Sri Lanka
• Hastula leloeuffi
• Argus
• Hastula alboflava
• Oxymeris areolata