Search Results for “textual variants in the primary chronicle”

Source: Textual variants in the Primary Chronicle

Textual variants in the Primary Chronicle manuscripts of the Kievan Rus' arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced. Textual criticism (or textology) of the Primary Chronicle or Tale of Bygone Years (Old East Slavic: Повѣсть времѧньныхъ лѣтъ, romanized: Pověstĭ vremęnĭnyxŭ lětŭ, commonly abbreviated PVL) has included study of its textual variants.

Legend

Primary

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textual

Primary

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= 0

chronicle

Chronicle

= 1

noevi, '(the) first s[ons] of Noah' – Lav
1.3
симъ. хамъ. афетъ., simŭ. xamŭ. afetŭ., 'Simŭ, Xamŭ, Afetŭ.' – Lav Tro Ipa Byč Šax Lix α
сми. хма. афет, smi. xma. afet., 'Smi, Xma, Afet.' – Aka Rad (афетъ) Xle (и афет)
1.9

елмаисъ. инди. равиꙗ. на всѧ., elmaisŭ, indi, rabija na vsja, 'Elmais, Indi[a], all of [A]rabia.' – Lav
елмаисъ инди аравия силная колия комагини финикия вся, elmaisŭ indi arabija silnaja kolija finikija vsja, 'Elmais Indi[a] Arabia the Strong Kolija Komagini all of Phinicia.' – Tro
елоумаисъ. инди. равиꙗ силнаа. коулїи. колгини. фикиа всѧ:-, elymaisŭ, indi, rabija silnaa, kulīi, kolgini, fikia vsja, 'Elymais, Indi[a], [A]rabia the Stron[g], Kulīi, Kolgini, all of Phicia.' – Rad Aka (3 ї/и variations)
елумаисъ. индиѧ. aравиа силнаꙗ. кулии. колгини. финикиꙗ всѧ, elymaisŭ, indija, arabija silnaja, kulii, kolgini, finikija vsja, 'Elymais, India, Arabia the Strong, Kulii, Kolgini, all of Phinicia.' – Ipa
елоумаись. индиѧ аравїа силнаа. коулии. комагины. финикїа всѧ., elymaisŭ, indija arabīa silnaa, kulii, komaginy, finikīa vsja, 'Elymais, India Arabia the Stron[g], Kulii, Komaginy, all of Phinicīa.' – Xle

= 3

=
3.8

илурикъ, ilurikŭ, 'Illyricum' – Rad Aka Ipa Xle Šax α
илюрикъ, iljurikŭ, 'Illyricum' – Lav Byč Lix
люрикъ, ljurikŭ, 'Illyricum' – Tro
Ἰλλυρίς, Illyrís, 'of Illyria' – George Hamartolos
See also Generations of Noah
3.8–3.9

Ἰλλυρίς, ἡ Λυχνίτις, Ἀδριανή, Illyrís, he Lychnítis, Adriané, 'of Illyria, Lychnitis, Adriane' – George Hamartolos
Илурикъ, Словѣне, Лухития, Анъдриакия, Ilurikŭ, Slověne, Luxnitija, Anŭdriakija, 'Illyricum, the Slavs, Lychnitia, Andriakia' – α

= 4

=
4.12

<св>еи. оурма<не> русь. агнѧне галичане, ei. urma rusĭ. agnjane galichane, ' Rus', Agnjane, Galichane' – Lav
свѣе урмане готе русь ангняне галичане, svěi urmane gote rusĭ angnjane galichane, 'Swedes Urmane Gote Rus' Angnjane Galichane' – Tro
всеи оурмане галичанѣ, vsei urmane galichaně, 'all Urmane Galichane' – Rad
свеи. оурмане. галичане., svei. urmane. galichane, 'Swedes, Urmane, Galichane' – Aka
свеи. оурмане. готѣ. русь. аглѧнѣ. галичанѣ., svei. urmane. gotě. rusĭ. agljaně. galichaně, 'Swedes, Urmane, Gote, Rus', Agljane, Galichane.' – Ipa
свеи, оурмане. гте роуc а<глѧ>не, галичане., svei, urmane. gte rus ane, galichane, 'Swedes, Urmane. G[o]te Rus A[glja]ne, Galichane.' – Xle
The Urmane are usually interpreted as "Normans" or "Norsemen"; Gote as either "Goths" or "Gotlanders"; A(n)gnjane or Agljane as "Angles" / "English"; and Galichane as either "Galicians" (and thus translated as "Spaniards", see Galicia (Spain)), "Gauls" or "Welsh".
4.13

волохове, voloxove, 'Vlachs or Italians' – Tro Ipa Xle Šax α
<волъ>хва, xva, 'Vlachs or Italians' – Lav Byč Lix
omitted – Rad Aka
It is unclear what Volokhove (or Volŭkhva) means. Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor (1930, 1953) translated it as "Italians" (compare modern Polish Włochy "Italy" or "Italians"); but in 6.6 he rendered Волохомъ/Волхомъ/Волотомъ as Vlakhs. Lunt (1995) described the Volokhs as 'people speaking Latin or a Romance language.' Thuis (2015) translated both as "Vlachs", adding 'This is possibly a Celto-Romance people.'
4.13

римляне, rimljane, 'Romans' – Tro Byč Šax Lix α; (римлѧне) Lav Xle; (римлѧнѣ) Ipa
omitted – Rad Aka

= 5

=
5.22

племени афетова. нар ци еже суть словѣне., plemeni afetova, nar tsi ezhe sutĭ slověne., 'the line of Afet, the Nartsi who are Slovenes.' – Lav Byč Lix
племениж афетова нарицаеми иновѣрци еже соуть словене, plemenizh afetova naritsaemi inověrtsi ezhe sutĭ slovene., 'the line of Afet, called the Inovertsi, who are Slovenes.' – Rad
племени же а҃фетова. нарицаемии норци еже сѹть словѣне., plemeni zhe ahfetova, naritsaemii nortsi ezhe sutĭ slověne., 'the line of Ahfet, called the Nortsi, who are Slovenes.' – Aka
племени же афетова. нарѣ<ц>аемѣи норци. иже сѹть словенѣ., plemeni zhe afetova, narěaeměi nortsi, izhe sutĭ sloveně., 'the line of Afet, called the Nortsi, who are Slovenes.' – Ipa
The N- ethnonym is unclear. Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor (1930, 1953) rendered them as the Noricians, who are identical to the Slavs. Lunt (1995), noting that Lav and Rad 'have independent corruptions', translated Ipa/Xle/Aka as (those) called Norci, who are Slavs. He commented: 'These clauses do not fit together easily. (...) This rather odd sentence seems, then, to imply that the Norci are a sub-tribe of Slavs.' Thuis (2015) wrote the Noriks, who are Slavs, adding 'The inhabitants of the Roman province of Noricum along the Danube. Possibly, this is a reference to the purported Urheimat of the Slavic people.'
5.23–25 See also Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin § Second phase (900–902)

= 6

=
6.6–8 See also Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin § Second phase (900–902)

= 7

= 8

=
7.21–9.4 Journey of Andrew the Apostle along the Dnieper from Korsun via the future site of Kyiv towards the future site of Veliky Novgorod.

= 9–10

=
9.5–10.16

9.5–21 The legendary founding of Kiev (Kyiv)
9.17

киевъ, kievŭ, 'Kiev' – Lav Tro Rad Ipa Byč Lix
кыевь, kyevŭ, 'Kyev' – Aka Xle Šax α
9.26–10.16 The acts of Kyi, and the death of the four siblings.
10.5

приходившю ему ко цр҃ю. ꙗко|же сказають. – Lav
приходившю ему и ко царю якоже сказають – Tro
приходившю ему ко царю, якоже сказають, – Byč
приходившю ему ко царю, якоже сказають, – Lix
проходившю емоу ко цр҃ю не свѣмы.|но токмо ѡ сем вѣмы. ꙗкож сказоують. – Rad
пришедшѹ емѹ | къ цр҃ю не свѣмы. но токмо ѡ семь вѣмы. ꙗкоже | сказѹютъ. – Aka
приходившю ему къ с | црсю | не свѣмы. но токмо ѡ се|мъ вѣмы ꙗкоже сказаю|ть. – Ipa
прихдовїшю емоу къ цр҃ю, не свѣмы [lacuna] – Xle
приходивъшю ему къ цѣсарю, которого не съвѣмы, нъ тъкъмо о семь вѣмы, якоже съказають, – Šax
приходивъшю ему къ цьсарю, не съвѣмы, нъ тъкъмо о семь вѣмы, якоже съказають, – α

= 12

= 16

=
16.21–17.3 See also Kyi dynasty.

= 17

=
17.4–24 Prediction of Khazar downfall.
17.25–29 See also Primary Chronicle § Opening date error.

= 19–20

= 23

= 25

=
25.10–21 See also Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin § Second phase (900–902)

= 26

=
26.21

ко ѡлго|[ви] гл҃ѧ, ko Ōlgo[vi] glę, 'Oleg' – Lav
ко лвови гл҃ѧ, ko Lvovi glę, 'Leo' – Rad, Aka,
къ лвови гл҃ѧ, kŭ Lvovi glę, 'Leo' – Ipa, Xle,

= 29–32

= 32–37

= 41

=
41.13 reference to Acts 19:13–14.

= 46–54.12a

= 54.12b–55.9

=
The death of Igor of Kiev.

= 55.10–60.8

=
Olga's revenge on the Derevlians. See also Olga of Kiev § Drevlian Uprising.
55.23

идѣже с ес н҃нѣ дворъ воротиславль и, 'where in there is now[adays] the courtyard of Vorotislavl' and' – Rad (воротиславль. и), Xle(идеже)
идѣже есть н҃нѣ дворъ воротиславль. и, 'where there is now[adays] the courtyard of Vorotislavl'. And' – Aka
идеже есть нынѣ дворъ воротиславль и, 'where there is nowadays the courtyard of Vorotislavl' and' – Ipa
есть, 'there is' – Lav
идеже есть нынѣ дворъ Воротиславль и, 'where there is nowadays the courtyard of Vorotislavl' and' – Byč, Šax, Lix
иде же есть нынѣ дворъ Воротиславль и, 'There is also nowadays the courtyard of Vorotislavl' and' – α
55.24

omitted – Lav
чюдинь, а перевѣсище бѣ внѣ града., chjudinĭ, a perevěsishte bě vŭně grada., 'Chudin, and [the] hunting ground / bird trap was outside [the] city' – Rad (град.), Aka (чдюинь.), Ipa (города), Xle (перевѣсишто; города.), Byč (Чюдинъ), Šax (вънѣ), Lix (Чюдинъ), α (вънѣ)

= 60–62

=
60.25–62.8 Olga's visit to Tsargrad (Constantinople), and conversion to Byzantine Christianity. See also Olga of Kiev § Conversion.
60.26

бѣ тогда ц҃рь имѧнемь цѣмьскии., 'There was then a tsarĭ named Tsěmĭskii.' – Lav
и бѣ тогда ц҃рь костѧнтинъ с҃нъ леѡновъ., 'And there was then a tsarĭ Kostyantinŭ son of Leōnovŭ.' – Rad
и бѣ тогда ц҃рь костѧнтинь с҃нъ леѡновь., 'And there was then a tsarĭ Kostyantinĭ son of Leōnovĭ.' – Aka
и бѣ тогда црсь костѧнтинъ. с҃нъ леѡнтовъ., 'And there was then a tsrsĭ Kostyantinŭ, son of Leōntovŭ.' – Ipa
и бѣ тогда ц҃рь костѧнтин. с҃нь леоновь., 'And there was then a tsarĭ Kostyantin, son of Leonovĭ.' – Xle
и бѣ тогда цесарь именемь чемьскыи они, 'And there was then a tsesarĭ named Chemĭskȳi they' – Kom
и бѣ тогда цесарь именемь чемьскии, 'And there was then a tsesarĭ named Chemĭskii' – NAk Tol
Ostrowski (2007): 'Since the emperor at the time was not Tsimiskes but Constantine, the reading Костянтинъ сынъ Леоновъ might be considered a correction of the primary but historically incorrect reading.'
61.21b–22

и реч црь переклюкала мѧ еси ольга. и дасть еи, i rech tsrĭ perekljukala mę esi olĭga. i dastĭ ei, 'And [the] tsar said: '[You] have fooled me, Olga [nominative].' And [he] gives her' – Lav
и реч переклюкала мѧ еси олго. и вдасть еи, i rech perekljukala mę esi olgo. i vdastĭ ei, 'And [he] said: '[You] have fooled me, Olga [vocative].' And [he] gave her' – Rad
и рече переклюкала мѧ еси олго. и вдасть еи, i reche perekljukala mę esi olgo. i vdastĭ ei, 'And [he] said: '[You] have fooled me, Olga [vocative].' And [he] gave her' – Aka
и реч цсрь переклюка мѧ олга. и вдасть еи, i reche tssrĭ perekljuka mę olga. i vdastĭ ei, 'And [the] tsar said: 'Olga [nominative] has fool[ed] me.' And [he] gave her' – Ipa
и реч црь переклюка мѧ олга. и вдасть еи, i rech tsrĭ perekljuka mę olga. i, 'And [the] tsar said: 'Olga [nominative] has fool[ed] me.' And [he] gave her' – Ipa
и рече цесарь прѣдстоꙗщимъ ту велможамъ своимъ упремудри мꙗ олга словесы своими бѣ же она мудра словесы цесарь же пакы чемьскыи слышавши глаголы еꙗ дасть еи, 'And the Tsesar said to his nobles [standing] before him: 'Olga [nominative] has outsmarted me with her words.' For she was wise in words. And the Tsesar, having heard her words, then gave her' – Kom
Butler (2008): '[Ostrowski et al. (2003)], lines 61,22, omits "esi" after "Perekliukala" (sometimes with vocative "Ol'go"), which causes some manuscripts to read, "You have fooled, me, Ol'ga."'
62.8–25 Epilogue to Olga's conversion
62.14–18 biblical quotation Proverbs 1:20–22

Премудрость на исходищихъ поеть ся, на путьхъ же дьрзновение водить. На краихъ же забральныхъ проповѣдаеть ся, въ вратѣхъ же градьныхъ дьрзающи глаголеть. Елико бо лѣтъ незълобивии дьржать ся по правьду, 'Wisdom is celebrated in places of concourse, she lifteth up her voice in the streets; she crieth at the entrance to the walls, at the gates of cities she uttereth speech. For as many years as the just cleave to wisdom, they shall not be ashamed.' – α
עַד־מָתַ֣י ׀ פְּתָיִם֮ תְּֽאֵהֲב֫וּ פֶ֥תִי וְלֵצִ֗ים לָ֭צֹון חָמְד֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וּ֝כְסִילִ֗ים יִשְׂנְאוּ־דָֽעַת׃ בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הֹמִיֹּ֗ות תִּ֫קְרָ֥א בְּפִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּעִ֗יר אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ תֹאמֵֽר׃ חָ֭כְמֹות בַּח֣וּץ תָּרֹ֑נָּה בָּ֝רְחֹבֹ֗ות תִּתֵּ֥ן קֹולָֽהּ׃‎, 'Out in the open wisdom calls aloud, she raises her voice in the public square; at noisy street corners she cries out, at the city gate she makes her speech: “How long will you who are simple love your simple ways? How long will mockers delight in mockery and fools hate knowledge?"' – Proverbs 1:20–22 NIV
62.21–22 biblical quotation Proverbs 13:19

Желание благовѣрьныхъ наслажаеть душю, 'The accomplished desire of the faithful is sweet to the soul.' – α
תַּאֲוָ֣ה נִ֭הְיָה תֶעֱרַ֣ב לְנָ֑פֶשׁ וְתֹועֲבַ֥ת כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים ס֣וּר מֵרָֽע׃‎, 'A longing fulfilled is sweet to the soul, but fools detest turning from evil.' – Proverbs 13:19 NIV (KVJ: 'The desire accomplished is sweet to the soul: but it is abomination to fools to depart from evil.')
62.22–23 biblical quotation Proverbs 2:2
62.23–24 biblical quotation Proverbs 8:17
62.24–25 biblical quotation John 6:37

= 63

=
63.8–9 biblical quotation 1 Corinthians 1:18

Невѣрьнымъ бо вѣра хрьстияньска уродьство есть, 'For to the infidels, the Christian faith is foolishness.' – α
Ὁ λόγος γὰρ ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῖς μὲν ἀπολλυμένοις μωρία ἐστίν, 'For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing.' – 1 Corinthians 1:18 NIV
63.9–11 biblical quotation Psalm 82:5

Не съмыслиша бо, ни разумѣша въ тьмѣ ходящии, и не вѣдять славы Господьня., 'They do not comprehend it, because they walk in darkness and do not see the glory of God.' – α
לֹ֤א יָֽדְע֨וּ ׀ וְלֹ֥א יָבִ֗ינוּ בַּחֲשֵׁכָ֥ה יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ יִ֝מֹּ֗וטוּ כָּל־מֹ֥וסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃‎, 'The 'gods' know nothing, they understand nothing. They walk about in darkness; all the foundations of the earth are shaken.' – Psalm 82:5 NIV
63.13–19 biblical quotation Proverbs 1:24–31 (or 1:25–30)
63.29–64.1 biblical quotation Exodus 21:17 (MT; LXX: Exodus 21:16). See also Textual variants in the Book of Exodus § Exodus 21.

Аще къто отьца или матере не послушаеть, съмьртию да умреть., Ashche kŭto otĭtsa ili matere ne poslushaetĭ, sŭmĭrtiyu da umretĭ., 'Whosoever heedeth not his father or his mother shall suffer death.' – α
וּמְקַלֵּ֥ל אָבִ֛יו וְאִמֹּ֖ו מֹ֥ות יוּמָֽת׃ ס‎, ū-mə-qal-lêl ’ā-ḇîw wə-’im-mōw mō-wṯ yū-māṯ. s, 'And he who curses his father or his mother surely shall be put to death.' – Exodus 21:17 NIV
Compare Deuteronomy 21:18–21.

= 65–67

=
65.14–18 Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria (first part)
65.19–67.20 Siege of Kiev (968)

= 69–73

=
69–73 Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria (second part)

= 75–76

= 79

= 82–83

= 84–121

=

84.18

бохъмичѣ, boxŭmichě, 'of Mohammedan (Islamic)' – Lav
111.23–24 (NPL 152.10–11)

на браченье., na brachenĭe, 'in(to) marriage' – Lav Byč Lix
на ѡброучание:-, na ōbrouchanie:-, 'in(to) betrothal' – Rad
на ѡбрѹченїе., na ōbruchenīe., 'in(to) betrothal' – Aka
на ѡбручение., na ōbruchenie., 'in(to) betrothal' – Ipa
на оброученїе., na obrouchenīe., 'in(to) betrothal' – Xle
на брачение, na brachenie, 'in(to) marriage' – Kom Tol Šax
на обручение., na obruchenie., 'in(to) betrothal' – α
Ostrowski (2007): 'Here the expected reading is 'marriage' (брачение) since Volodimir had already been 'betrothed' (обручение) to Anna earlier in the narrative.' Müller (2006) and Gippius (2002) argued that 'marriage' (брачение) was the primary reading, and that 'betrothal' (обручение) had to have been a later corruption in the protograph of Ipa and Kle, which had also contaminated Rad and Aka. Ostrowski countered that 'one may ask why the scribe of [Rad/Aka] would adopt a contextually incorrect reading from the contaminating source to replace a contextually correct reading in his direct source.' Following the lectio difficilior potior principle, Ostrowski asserted 'betrothed' (обручение) as the original text.

= 122–125

=
Volodimer' I defeated the Pechenegs on the river Trubizh, and alleged founded Belgorod (Bilhorod Kyivskyi) and Pereyaslavl' (Pereiaslav).

= 132–134

=
Killing of Boris and aftermath. See also Boris and Gleb.

= 135–141.16

=
Killing of Gleb and aftermath. See also Boris and Gleb.
135.1

акъ | хулу имуще, akû xulu imuše, 'as though they have blasphemy' – Lav
аки хвалоу имѹще, aki xvalou imuše, 'as though they have praise' – Rad, Aka
аки хвалу имуще, aki xvalu imuše, 'as though they have praise' – Ipa
акы хвалоу имѧще, aky xvalou imęše, 'as though they have praise' – Xle

= 141.17–142.24

=
Battle of Liubech (1016) between Sviatopolk I of Kiev and Yaroslav I of Kiev.
142.16–18

И въступиша на ледъ, и одолати нача Ярославъ. Видѣвъ же Святопълкъ, побеже, и одолѣ Ярославъ., 'And when they went onto the ice, Iaroslav began obtaining the advantage. Seeing this, Sviatopolk fled and Iaroslav won.' – Rad Aka Ipat α
и въступиша на ледъ. | и ѡбломисѧ с ними ледъ. и ѡ|далати нача ꙗрославъ. [lacuna], 'And they went onto the ice, and the ice weakened under them. And Iaroslav began obtaining the advantage. [lacuna]' – Lav
и въстоупиша на лед, и обломисѧ лед с вои ст҃ополчи | и мнѡѕи потопоша въ водах. и ѡдолѧти нача ꙗро|славь. видѣв же ст҃ополкь побѣже. и ѡдолѣ ꙗро|славь., 'And they went onto the ice, and the ice weakened under Sviatopolk's soldiers and many drowned in the waters. Iaroslav began obtaining the advantage. Seeing this, Sviatopolk fled and Iaroslav won.' – Xle

= 142.25–144

= 147–149

= 151

=
151.19

городъ, gorodŭ, 'citadel' – Lav Ipa Xle (горѡд) Byč Lix
градъ, gradŭ, 'citadel' – Rad Aka (град) Šax α
151.20

кыи, kyi, 'at Kyiv' – Lav
кыевъ, kyevŭ, 'at Kyev' – Ipa Xle Byč
omitted – Rad Aka Šax Lix α
151.21

црк҃вь | ст҃ыꙗ. соѳьꙗ митрополью., 'the metropolitan Church of St. Sophia' – Lav Aka
црк҃вь ст҃ыа софиа. и митрополью., 'the church of St. Sophia. And (the) metropolitan [church].' – Rad
црк҃вь. ст҃ыꙗ | софьꙗ. премудрость б҃ию | митрополью., 'the metropolitan Church of St. Sophia of divine wisdom' – Ipa
цр҃ковъ премѫдрѡс бж҃їю ст҃ыи соѳеи, митрополїю, 'the church of divine wisdom Saint Sophei, the metropolitan (one)' – Xle

= 152

=
152.20

симонъ, Simonŭ, 'Simon' – Lav
соломонъ, Solomonŭ, 'Solomon' – Aka, Ipa, Rad (соломнъ), Xle (солѡмонъ) Byč, Šax, Lix, α

= 161

=
The so-called Testament of Yaroslav the Wise.
161.18

переꙗславль. а вѧчеславу, pereyaslavl'. A vęcheslavu, '...Pereyaslavl'. To Vyacheslav...' – Lav Ipa Xle
Переяславль, а Вячеславу, Pereyaslavl', a Vyacheslavu, '...Pereyaslavl', to Vyacheslav...' – Šax α
переꙗславль. а вечславѹ, pereyaslavl'. A vechslavu, '...Pereyaslavl'. To Vechslav...' – Rad
переꙗславль. [а игорю воломеръ] а вечславѹ, pereyaslavl'. [a igoryu volomerŭ] a vechslavu, '...Pereyaslavl'. [To Igor Volomerŭ] to Vechslav...' – Aka
переꙗславль а игореви володимирь а вꙗчеславу, pereyaslavl' a igorevi volodimirĭ a vyacheslavu, '...Pereyaslavl' to Igorevi Volodimirĭ to Vyacheslav...' – Kom
переꙗславль а игореви володимиръ а вꙗчеву, pereyaslavl' a igorevi volodimirŭ a vyacheslavu, '...Pereyaslavl' to Igorevi Volodimirŭ to Vyachev...' – NAk Tol
Переяславль, а Игорю Володимеръ, а Вячеславу, Pereyaslavl', a Igoryu Volodimerŭ, a Vyacheslavu, '...Pereyaslavl', to Igor Volodimerŭ, to Vyacheslav...' – Byč Lix
It is not clear why 'to Igor[evi] Volo[di]merŭ' is found in relatively late copies, but not in the earliest copies. It could represent a harmonisation effort with 162.12–13 and 162.21–22, where all witnesses attest that 'Igor' [settled] in Volodimerŭ', and that when Vyacheslav died in Smolensk shortly thereafter, 'Igor' settled in Smolinĭskě, moving over from Volodimerŭ'. The Igor' in question is probably Igor Yaroslavich, who reportedly died sub anno 1060 (162.28). Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor (1953) and Thuis (2015) both included the city as Vladimir in their translations, footnoting it as "Vladimir-Volÿnsk" and "city in Volhynia" respectively (ergo, modern Volodymyr, Volyn Oblast), without further explanation.

= 167–173

= 216–217

=
215.27–218.5 Eulogy of Vsevolod Yaroslavich I of Kiev. Accession of Sviatopolk Iziaslavich II of Kiev (with prominent role for Vladimir II Monomakh).

= 218–225

=
218.6–226.3 Cuman (Polovtsi) invasion of Rus' (1093). See also Siege of Torchesk and Battle of the Stuhna River.
218.20–21

имѣю отрокъ своих· ѱ҃· иже могу|ть про[ти]ву имъ стати·, iměju otrokŭ svoix· ps· iže mogu tĭ pro[ti]vu imŭ stati·, 'I have about 700 of my men who can stand against them.' – Lav, Bychkov, Karski, Likhachev
имѣю ѿрокъ своих· ѿ иже могѹ|ть имъ противоу стать., iměju ō͡trokŭ svoix· ō iže mogu tĭ imŭ protivou statĭ., 'I have about 800 of my men who can stand against them.' – Rad
имѣꙗ ѡтрокъ своих| ·ѿ· иже могѹть имь противѹ стати·, iměja ōtrokŭ svoix ·ō· iže mogutĭ imŭ protivu stati., 'I have about 800 of my men who can stand against them.' – Aka
имѣю ѡтро|къ своихъ· ·и҃·сот· иже мо|гуть [имъ] противу имъ ста|ти·, iměju ōtrokŭ svoixŭ· ·i·sot· iže mogutĭ [imŭ] protivu sta ti, 'I have about 8 hundred of my men who can stand against them' – Ipa
имѣю | отрѡк своих. ѡсмь сот. иже могоут противоу им сттаи., iměju otrōk svoix. vos[e]mŭ sot. iže mogout protivou im sttai., 'I have about eight hundred of my men who can stand against them' – Xle

= 226–255

=
226.3–255 Chernigov war of succession (1093–1097). See also Oleg I of Chernigov#Chernigov war of succession.

235

235.20

меѳоди папа римскыи·, Methodi papa Rimskyi·, 'Methodius the Pope of Rome' – Lav
мефодїи патариискы·̏и·, Methodïi Patariiskyi, 'Methodius of Patara' – Aka
меѳдии патариискыи, Methdii Patariiskyi, 'Methdius of Patara' – Rad

= 256–257

=
256–257.13.

= 257–263

=
257.13–263.17 The blinding of Vasilko Rostislavich.

= 263–273

=
263.17–273.16 Internecine war in Rus' 1097–1100.

= 273–274

=
273.16–274.22 Council of Uvetichi (c. 1100).

= 275–276

=
1101–1102. Dynastic challenges to Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich of Kiev by Yaroslav Yaropolkich of Brest (?) and Mstislav Volodimerovich of Novgorod. Peace with Polovtsi.

= 277–279

=
1103 campaign against the Polovtsi (Cumans) by Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich of Kiev and Vladimir II Monomakh.

= 280

=
1104: various dynastic events, siege of Minsk, signs in sky.

= 281

=
1105–1107: various dynastic events, Semigallians defeat Vseslavichi.

= 282

=
1107: Polovtsi raid by Boniak. Peace treaty.

= 283

=
1107–1109: Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich of Kiev orders construction of various church buildings.

= 284–285

=
1109–1110: Rus' campaign against Polovtsi. Signs in sky at Kyiv Pechersk Lavra, including lightning, pillars of fire and cloud, and an angelic apparation.

= 286.1–7

=
286.1–7 Only in Lav, Rad and Aka: colophon of Sylvester of Kiev (1116).

= 286.7a–7pp

=
286.7a–7pp Only in Ipa and Xle: Primary Chronicle continuation of the Hypatian Codex and Khlebnikov Codex (1110–1117).

Notes

References

Bibliography

= Primary sources

=
Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL). Saint Petersburg: Typography of Edward Prats.
Лѣтопись По Ипатьевскому Списку [The Chronicle according to the Hypatian Codex]. Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL). Volume 2. 3rd Edition. Col. 15. Saint Petersburg: Typography of Edward Prats. 1908.
Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (1953) [1930]. The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text. Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (PDF). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 325. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (2013) [1953]. SLA 218. Ukrainian Literature and Culture. Excerpts from The Rus' Primary Chronicle (Povest vremennykh let, PVL) (PDF). Toronto: Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature, University of Toronto. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
Gorsky, A. A. (2012). "Приглашение Рюрика на княжение в памятниках древнерусского начального летописания" [Rurik's invitation to reign in the records of the old Rus' Primary Chronicle]. Исторический вестник (Historical Messenger) (in Russian). 1 (1). Runivers: 6–23. Retrieved 5 May 2023. (web text)
Ostrowski, Donald, ed. (2003). The Povest' vremennykh let: An Interlinear Collation and Paradosis. 3 volumes (in Russian and English). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Archived from the original on 9 March 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2002. (assoc. ed. David J. Birnbaum (Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature, vol. 10, parts 1–3)) – This 2003 Ostrowski et al. edition includes an interlinear collation including the five main manuscript witnesses, the Trinity Chronicle (as far as can reliably reconstructed), three manuscripts of the Novgorod First Chronicle, as well as a new paradosis ("a proposed best reading").
Ostrowski, Donald; Birnbaum, David J. (7 December 2014). "Rus' primary chronicle critical edition – Interlinear line-level collation". pvl.obdurodon.org (in Church Slavic). Retrieved 5 May 2023. (digitised and improved online version of Ostrowski et al. 2003).
Izbornyk (2001). "Новгородская Первая Летопись Младшего Извода" [Novgorod First Chronicle of the Younger Edition]. Izbornyk (in Church Slavic). Retrieved 15 May 2023. – digitised version of the mid-15th-century Archaeographic Commission's edition (or "Younger Edition") of the Novgorod First Chronicle (Komissionnyy NPL)
Thuis, Hans (2015). Nestorkroniek. De oudste geschiedenis van het Kievse Rijk [Nestor Chronicle: the oldest history of the Kievan Realm] (in Dutch). Nijmegen: Uitgeverij Vantilt. p. 304. ISBN 9789460042287.

= Literature

=
Butler, Francis (2008). "Ol'Ga's Conversion and the Construction of Chronicle Narrative". The Russian Review. 67 (2). Wiley: 230–242. ISSN 0036-0341. JSTOR 20620746.
Dimnik, Martin (January 2004). "The Title "Grand Prince" in Kievan Rus'". Mediaeval Studies. 66: 253–312. doi:10.1484/J.MS.2.306512. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
Gippius, Alexey A. (2014). "Reconstructing the original of the Povesť vremennyx let: a contribution to the debate". Russian Linguistics. 38 (3). Springer: 341–366. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
Katchanovski, Ivan; Kohut, Zenon E.; Nesebio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2013). Historical Dictionary of Ukraine. Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Plymouth: Scarecrow Press. p. 992. ISBN 9780810878471. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
Lunt, Horace G. (Summer 1988). "On Interpreting the Russian Primary Chronicle: The Year 1037". The Slavic and East European Journal. 32 (2): 251–264. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
Lunt, Horace G. (June 1994). "Lexical Variation in the Copies of the Rus' "Primary Chronicle": Some Methodological Problems". Ukrainian Philology and Linguistics. 18 (1–2). Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: 10–28. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
Lunt, Horace G. (1995). "What the Rus' Primary Chronicle Tells Us about the Origin of the Slavs and of Slavic Writing". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 19. Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: 335–357. ISSN 0363-5570. JSTOR 41037009.
Ostrowski, Donald (March 1981). "Textual Criticism and the Povest' vremennykh let: Some Theoretical Considerations". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 5 (1). Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: 11–31. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
Ostrowski, Donald (2006). "Alexander Nevskii's 'Battle on the Ice': The Creation of a Legend". Russian History/Histoire Russe. 33 (2/4). Brill: 289–312. doi:10.1163/187633106X00186. ISSN 0094-288X. JSTOR 24664446.
Ostrowski, Donald (2007). "The Načal'Nyj Svod Theory and the Povest Vremennyx Let". Russian Linguistics. 31 (3). Springer: 269–308. ISSN 0304-3487. JSTOR 40221289. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
Plokhy, Serhii (2006). The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-521-86403-9.

= Further reading

=
Isoaho, Mari (2018). "Shakhmatov's Legacy and the Chronicles of Kievan Rus'". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 19 (3). Slavica Publishers: 637–648. doi:10.1353/kri.2018.0033. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
Inés García de la Puente, "Beyond the Sea: On the Use of за море in the Primary Chronicle". Ruthenica. 16. 28–36. 2022.

Legend

List

= 0

= 1

= 3

= 4

= 5

= 6

= 7

= 8

= 9–10

= 12

= 16

= 17

= 19–20

= 23

= 25

= 26

= 29–32

= 32–37

= 41

= 46–54.12a

= 54.12b–55.9

= 55.10–60.8

= 60–62

= 63

= 65–67

= 69–73

= 75–76

= 79

= 82–83

= 84–121

= 122–125

= 132–134

= 135–141.16

= 141.17–142.24

= 142.25–144

= 147–149

= 151

= 152

= 161

= 167–173

= 216–217

= 218–225

= 226–255

= 256–257

= 257–263

= 263–273

= 273–274

= 275–276

= 277–279

= 280

= 281

= 282

= 283

= 284–285

= 286.1–7

= 286.7a–7pp

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

= Primary sources

= Literature

= Further reading

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