• Source: Thermidorians

The Thermidorians (French: Thermidoriens, named after the month of Thermidor) were a political group during the First French Republic. They formed in 1794 and dominated the last year of the National Convention, which during this phase became known as the Thermidorian Convention (French: Convention thermidorienne), and the Directory government until the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte to power in 1799.




History


The group was named for the Thermidorian Reaction in 1794, when its members—led by Paul Barras, Jean-Lambert Tallien and Joseph Fouché — ousted Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, who were executed with their supporters on 27 July 1794. The deputies that supported the Reaction were the following:

Moderates (members of The Marsh) like Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, Jean de Cambacérès and Boissy d'Anglas
Montagnards opposite to Robespierre like Tallien and Jean-Baptiste Carrier
Members of the Committee of Public Safety like Barras, Bertrand Barère, Lazare Carnot, Marc Vadier, Jean Amar and Collot d'Herbois
Over the following days, the Thermidorians took over the majority in the National Convention. In 1795 a new constitution was introduced, with the National Convention disestablished and the Directory becoming the new government. Like the constitution, the Thermidorians emphasised bourgeois values: conservative on social themes and liberal on economic themes.
After the election of 1795, the Thermidorians obtained the majority in the Council of Five Hundred, the new lower house. In Paris, the group created a headquarters in the Hôtel de Noailles and Paul Barras became its leader.
The Directory lasted until 1799, when the coup of 18 Brumaire brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power; the Directory was replaced with a Consulate with Bonaparte as First Consul. After the coup, the various parliamentary forces including the Thermidorians were disestablished.




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References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Pemberontakan 1 Prairial Tahun III
• Pemberontakan 12 Germinal, Tahun III
• Jean Lannes
• Thermidorians
• Thermidorian Reaction
• Jean-Lambert Tallien
• List of political groups in the French Revolution
• Committee of Public Safety
• Fall of Maximilien Robespierre
• Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
• List of presidents of France
• French Revolution
• 1798 French legislative election