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    • Source: Train T

      • The Train 2T, 4T and 6T were low power piston engines for light aircraft, produced in France. They were inverted, air-cooled in-line engines with the same bore and stroke, differing chiefly in the number of cylinders.


      Design and development


      In the 1930s Train introduced a series of air-cooled, inverted in-line piston engines for light aircraft. The T series all used the same cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, valve trains and ignition system, combined into 2 (2T), 4 (4T), and 6 (6T) cylinder units of the same layout. The number of crankshaft bearings (3, 5 or 7) and throws (2, 4 or 6) naturally depended on the number of cylinders, as did the number of cams (4, 8 or 12) on the underhead camshaft. Each cylinder had a swept volume of 0.5 L (30.5 cu in), so the displacements were 1 L (61.0 cu in), 2 L (122.0 cu in) and 3 L (183.1 cu in) and the rated outputs 15 kW (20.1 hp), 30 kW (40.2 hp) and 44.7 kW (60 hp) respectively. The Train 6D was a variant of the 6T with increased bore of 85 mm (3.3 in).


      Operational history


      Several International 2-litre Class records were set in 1937 by aircraft powered by the Train 4T. On 7 June 1937 M. Duverene averaged 154.5 km/h (96.0 mph; 83.4 kn) over 1,000 km (621.4 mi; 540.0 nmi) and 95 km/h (59.0 mph; 51.3 kn) over 1,000 km (621.4 mi; 540.0 nmi) in a single engine Kellner-Béchereau E.1. On 27 December 1937 Mme Lafargue reached an altitude of 4,935 m (16,191 ft) in a Touya, setting both a class and a women's record.
      It also powered aircraft on some notable cross-country flights; on 30 December 1937 M. Lenee flew a Kellner-Béchereau E.1 from Elde to Biarritz, a distance of 1,229 km (763.7 mi; 663.6 nmi); the same day M. Blazy flew a two-seat SFAN 5 aircraft from Guyancourt to Champniers, Charente, covering 330 km (205.1 mi; 178.2 nmi).
      Six Train 4Ts were used in the 2 seat, 18 m (59.1 ft) span Potez-CAMS 160 flying boat, a 1:2.6 scale model of the large Potez-CAMS 161 aircraft.


      Variants


      From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938 unless noted

      Train 2T
      2-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 1 L (61.0 cu in), 15 kW (20.1 hp)
      Train 4T
      4-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 2 L (122.0 cu in), 30 kW (40.2 hp)
      Train 4A - 30–41 kW (40–55 hp) variant of the 4T
      Train 4E - 37–41 kW (50–55 hp) variant of the 4T
      Train 6T
      6-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 3 L (183.1 cu in), 44.7 kW (60 hp)
      Train 6C-01
      Powered the Tokyo Imperial University LB-2
      Train 6D
      6-cylinders, 85 mm (3.35 in), 3.4 L (207.5 cu in), 62 kW (83.1 hp)


      Applications


      From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938 and www.AviaFrance


      = 4-cylinder models

      =
      Brochet MB.50 (4T)
      Carmier T.10 (4A)
      Caudron C.344 (4T)
      Chilton D.W.1A (4T)
      Druine Aigle 777 (4T)
      Duverne-Saran (4T)
      Hennion 01 (4A 01)
      Kellner-Béchereau E.1 (4T)
      Mauboussin Hémiptère (4T)
      Morane-Saulnier MS-660 (4E-01)
      Nicolas-Claude NC-2 Aquilon (4E-01?)
      Payen AP-10 (4T)
      Potez-CAMS 160 (4T or 4A-01)
      Régnier 12 (4T)
      Touya aircraft (4T)
      Trébucien Sport (4T)


      = 6-cylinder models

      =
      Aubert PA-20 Cigale (6T)
      Duverne-Saran 01 (6T)
      Kellner-Béchereau EC.4 (6T)
      Kellner-Béchereau ED.5 (6T)
      S.E.C.A.T. S.4 Mouette
      SECAT VI La Mouette (6T)
      SFAN 5 (6T)
      Volland V-10 (6T)


      Specifications (4T)


      Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938


      = General characteristics

      =
      Type: 4-cylinder inline inverted air-cooled
      Bore: 80 mm (3.15 in)
      Stroke: 100 mm (3.94 in)
      Displacement: 2.01 L (123 in3))
      Length: 670 mm (26.4 in)
      Width: 240 mm (9.45 in)
      Height: 516 mm (20.3 in)
      Dry weight: 46 kg (101 lb)


      = Components

      =
      Valvetrain: Valves directly operated by cams on underhead camshaft, driven from crankshaft via bevel gears. One inlet and one exhaust valve/cylinder.
      Fuel system: single carburetter
      Ignition system: Choice of one or two magnetos with one or two plugs/cylinder
      Oil system: Pumped under pressure from external tank, feeding main bearings and big ends; little ends and piston walls spray fed. Gravity return. Underhead valve gear in full length oil bath.
      Cooling system: air
      Reduction gear: None
      Cylinders: Machined steel barrels with aluminium-bronze heads containing machined valve seat and secured with long bolts to crankcase.
      Pistons
      Aluminium alloy. Floating gudgeon pins. Three compression and one scraper ring/cylinder
      Connecting rods
      Forged duralumin with split big ends.
      Crankshaft
      4-throw steel casting with 5 white metal lined bearings. Front ball race thrust bearing.
      Crankcase
      Aluminium casting in top and bottom halves, with capped crankshaft bearings in the lower part.


      = Performance

      =
      Power output: Rated 30 kW (40 hp), actual 33 kW (44 hp), both at 2,300 rpm
      Specific power: 16.5 kW/L (0.64 hp/in3)
      Compression ratio: 6:1
      Specific fuel consumption: 322 g/(kW·h) (0.529 lb/(hp·h))
      Oil consumption: 61 g/(kW·h) (0.10 lb/(hp·h))
      Power-to-weight ratio: 0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb)


      See also



      Related lists

      List of aircraft engines


      References

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