• Source: Turtle soup

Turtle soup, also known as terrapin soup, is a soup or stew made from the meat of turtles. Several versions of the soup exist in different cultures, and it is often viewed as a delicacy.




Culinary description


The principal characteristic of turtle meat is that the broth it is cooked in becomes extremely gelatinous once cooled. Turtle meat has no characteristic taste on its own, so the flavor of turtle soup depends entirely on seasoning. Mock turtle soup is made from other gelatine-producing meat such as calf's head and calf's feet.




Versions






= England

=
Turtle soup gained popularity in England in the 1750s but declined rapidly about 150 years later from overfishing. According to food historian Janet Clarkson, the dish, which she describes as one of several "noteworthy soups", became a symbol for civic dinners and From 1761 to 1825 it was never absent from the London Lord Mayor's Day Banquet. It is probably not unreasonable to hold several generations of aldermen and other civic leaders responsible for eating the turtle almost to extinction.
Green sea turtle first became popular in England as "sea-tortoise" circa 1728: "Its Flesh is between that of Veal, and that of a Lobster, and is extremely pleasant ... They are frequently brought to England in Tubs of Sea Water, and will keep alive a long time." The earliest English recipes are for roast or boiled turtle, only later being used in a soup. About 1740–1750, it began to be widely imported to England, from Ascension Island or the West Indies. Samuel Birch is credited with being the first to serve turtle soup in London, spicing it with lemons and cayennes; it quickly became immensely popular, and Lord Dudley stated, "Of British soup, turtle always takes precedence in the list of honour". Giles Rose made turtle soup as follows: "Take your tortoises and cut off their heads and feet and boyl them in fair water, and when they are almost boyl'd, put to them some white wine, some sweet herbs, and a piece of bacon, and give them a brown in the frying pan with good butter, then lay upon your bread a-steeping in good strong broth, and well-seasoned; garnish the dish with green sparrow-grass [asparagus] and lemon over it." In Cookery and Domestic Economy (1862), the recipe begins as follows: "take the turtle out of the water, turn it on its back, tie its feet, cut off its head". By about 1800, a good dinner portion was 2.5 kilograms (6 lb) of turtle, live weight, and in London Tavern in August, 1808, 400 men ate 1,100 kg (2,500 lb) of turtle in their dinner soup.
According to Clarkson, "It is difficult to overestimate the magnitude of the demand for turtles" during the period of the soup's popularity. As many as 15,000 turtles were shipped live to Britain from the West Indies. Turtles became viewed as an fashionable and exotic delicacy, ranking alongside caviar. Because of its popularity, the green turtle population plummeted, and its cost rose correspondingly. Isabella Beeton noted in 1861, "This is the most expensive soup brought to the table". Thus, long before that time, mock turtle soup made from calf's head was widely adopted as a more economical substitute and became popular in its own right, with the two dishes sometimes being served at the same banquet.




= United States

=
In the United States, turtle soup is a heavy, brown soup with an appearance similar to thick meat gravy. The common snapping turtle has long been the principal species used for turtle soup. In this case the soup is also referred to as bookbinder soup, snapper turtle soup, or simply snapper soup (not to be confused with red snapper soup, which is made from the fish red snapper). In the Chesapeake Bay, the diamondback terrapin was long the species exploited in turtle soup manufacture. Canneries processed and exported tons of product until the turtle populations collapsed. Similarly in the San Francisco Bay, the Pacific pond turtle was the base of a minor industry with the canned product sent to eastern markets by rail.
Whereas turtle soup was a royal delicacy in Europe, during the colonial period, colonists fed these abundant and easily captured animals to servants, slaves, and livestock. Eventually, slaves protested their terrapin-heavy diets and sought to mandate that terrapin be served no more than three times per week.
The 27th U.S. president, William Howard Taft, hired a chef at the White House for the specific purpose of preparing turtle soup.
As of 2016, various dishes made using turtle, including turtle soup, were served by a restaurant in Minnesota, mostly during Lent. The owner said that it was primarily older customers who have previously eaten turtle who order the turtle dishes; younger diners are much less interested.




Poisoning


Eating the flesh of some marine turtles can cause a rare, but possibly lethal, type of food poisoning called chelonitoxism.




See also


Turtle farming




References






External links



Asian Turtle Crisis
• Source: Turtle Soup

Turtle Soup is the fifth and final studio album by the American rock band the Turtles. It was released in 1969 on the White Whale Records label. The album was produced by Ray Davies of the Kinks – the first time he produced another act's record. A 1993 Repertoire Records CD-issue included 8 bonus tracks. A 1996 Sundazed Records reissue included two bonus tracks.
Turtle Soup peaked at number 117 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart. Two singles from the album also earned a place on the Billboard Pop Singles chart: "You Don't Have to Walk in the Rain" (number 51), and "Love in the City" (number 91).




Recording and release



The Turtles hired Ray Davies of the Kinks to produce Turtle Soup, having admired his production of the Kinks' latest album, The Village Green Preservation Society, which was released in the United States in February 1969. Recording for Turtle Soup took place at United Recording Studios in Los Angeles over two weeks, on 12–17 April and 24 June to 2 July 1969. Chuck Britz served as audio engineer for the sessions, and Ray Pohlman, the musical director of the musical variety series Shindig!, provided string and horn arrangements.
Of the six songs recorded in April, "House on the Hill" was considered for release as a single, but the label withdrew its release after making promotional copies. "You Don't Have to Walk in the Rain" backed with "Come Over" was instead issued by White Whale Records in the US in May and by London Records in the UK on June 3.




Track listing


All tracks written by Howard Kaylan, Mark Volman, Al Nichol, Jim Pons and John Seiter, except as indicated.




= Side A

=
"Come Over" – 2:18
"House on the Hill" – 2:58
"She Always Leaves Me Laughing" – 2:46
"How You Love Me" – 2:56
"Torn Between Temptations" – 2:45
"Love in the City" – 3:37




= Side B

=
"Bachelor Mother" – 2:38
"John and Julie" – 3:10
"Hot Little Hands" – 4:10
"Somewhere Friday Night" – 3:20
"Dance This Dance" – 3:30
"You Don't Have to Walk in the Rain" – 2:42




= Repertoire Bonus tracks

=
"Chicken Little Was Right" (Single version) – 2:53
"Lady-O" (Judee Sill) – 2:53
"The Last Thing I Remember" – 3:25
"The Owl" – 4:26
"To See the Sun" – 4:12
"If We Only Had the Time" – 5:09
"Can I Go On" – 3:00
"Dance This Dance" – 3:17




= Sundazed Bonus tracks

=
"Lady-O" (Sill) – 2:54
"The Last Thing I Remember" (1986 Chalon Road LP Version) (hidden track with 1969 radio commercial starts at 3:30) – 4:28




= Manifesto Bonus tracks

=
"Goodbye Surprise" (Alan Gordon, Gary Bonner) – 2:55
"Like It or Not" (Gordon, Bonner) – 3:41
"There You Sit Lonely" (Kaylan, Volman) – 3:42
"Can I Go On" – 2:59
"You Want to Be a Woman" – 3:25
"If We Only Had the Time" – 5:11
"Dance This Dance With Me" (demo) – 3:17
"Come Over" (demo) – 2:22
"How You Love Me" (demo) – 3:39
"Strange Girl" (demo) – 2:45
"Marmendy Mill" (demo) – 3:13
"Turtle Soup Radio Spot" – 0:55




References






= Sources

=

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