• Source: United States District Court for the Northern District of California

The United States district" target="_blank">District Court for the Northern district" target="_blank">District of California (in case citations, N.D. Cal.) is the federal United States district" target="_blank">district court whose jurisdiction comprises the following counties of California: Alameda, Contra Costa, Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Monterey, Napa, San Benito, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, and Sonoma. The court hears cases in its courtrooms in Eureka, Oakland, San Francisco, and San Jose. It is headquartered in San Francisco. Cases from the Northern district" target="_blank">District of California are appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Because it covers San Francisco and Silicon Valley, the Northern district" target="_blank">District of California has become the presumptive destination for major federal lawsuits (such as large class actions and multi-district" target="_blank">district litigation) involving "Big Tech" defendants.
These cases usually involve patent law and intellectual property law (such as copyright law and DMCA issues as well as trademark law and trade secret law) - especially in the semiconductor, telecommunications and software industries and other high technology areas, antitrust law, securities law, and technology law in general (e.g., cybersecurity, Internet law, computer law and cases involving software).




History


California was admitted as a state on September 9, 1850, and was initially divided into two districts, the Northern and the Southern, by Act of Congress approved September 28, 1850, 9 Stat. 521. The boundary line was at the 37th parallel of North Latitude. The creating act provided that:

In addition to the ordinary jurisdiction and powers of a district" target="_blank">District Court of the United States, with which the Southern district" target="_blank">District Court of New York has been invested, the said Courts be and hereby are invested respectively within the limits of its district" target="_blank">district with the exercise of concurrent jurisdiction and power in all civil cases now exercised by the Circuit Courts of the United States; and that in all cases where said Courts shall exercise such jurisdiction, appeals may be taken from the judgments, orders or decrees of said Courts to the Supreme Court of the United States.
The Act of August 31, 1852 made the Judge of the Northern district" target="_blank">District be Judge of the Southern district" target="_blank">District as well until otherwise provided, by 10 Stat. 76, 84, effectively creating a single district" target="_blank">District in all but name until an Act of January 18, 1854 provided for the appointment of a Judge for the Southern district" target="_blank">District. The Southern district" target="_blank">District of California was abolished and the State made to constitute a single district" target="_blank">district – the United States district" target="_blank">District Court for the district" target="_blank">District of California – by Act of Congress approved July 27, 1866, 14 Stat. 300.
Twenty years later, on August 5, 1886, Congress re-created the Southern district" target="_blank">District of California by 24 Stat. 308. Erskine M. Ross was appointed Judge of the new district" target="_blank">district and served until his promotion to the Circuit Judgeship, when he was succeeded by Olin Wellborn. On March 18, 1966, the Eastern and Central Districts were created from portions of the Northern and Southern Districts by 80 Stat. 75.




Current judges


As of May 7, 2024:




Vacancies and pending nominations






Former judges






Chief judges


Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their district" target="_blank">district court. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the district" target="_blank">district court judges. To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge.
A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. The age restrictions are waived if no members of the court would otherwise be qualified for the position.
When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.




Succession of seats






United States attorney


The United States Attorney for the Northern district" target="_blank">District of California represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of March 21, 2023 the United States attorney is Ismail Ramsey.

Calhoun Benham 1850-53
Samuel Williams Inge 1853-56
William Blanding 1856-57
Peter della Torre 1857-60
Calhoun Benham 1860-61
William H. Sharp 1861-64
Delos Lake 1864-69
Frank M. Pixley 1869
Lorenzo D. Latimer 1869-73
Walter Van Dyke 1873-76
John M. Coghlan 1876-78
Phillip Teare 1878-83
Samuel G. Hilborn 1883-86
John T. Carey 1886-90
Charles A. Garter 1890-94
Samuel Knight 1894-95
Henry S. Foote 1895-99
Frank L. Coombs 1899-1901
Marshall B. Woodworth 1901-05
Robert T. Devlin 1905-12
John L. McNab 1912-13
B. L. McKinley 1913
John W. Preston 1913-18
Mrs. A. A. Adams 1918-20
Frank M. Silva 1920-21
J. T. Williams 1921-24
Sterling Carr 1924-25
George J. Hatfield 1925-33
I. M. Peckham 1933
Harry H. McPike 1933-37
Frank J. Hennessy 1937-51
Chauncey F. Tramutolo 1951
Lloyd H. Burke 1953-58
Robert H. Schnacke 1958-59
Lynn J. Gillard 1959-60
Laurence E. Dayton 1960-61
Cecil F. Poole 1961-69
James L. Browning, Jr. 1969-77
G. William Hunter 1977-81
Rodney H. Hamblen 1981
Joseph P. Russoniello 1981-90
William T. McGivern 1990-92
John A. Mendez 1992-93
Michael J. Yamaguchi 1993-98
Robert S. Mueller 1998-2001
Kevin V. Ryan 2002-2007
Scott Schools 2007-2008
Joseph P. Russoniello 2008-2010
Melinda Haag 2010-2016
David L. Anderson 2019-2021
Stephanie Hinds (2021–2023)
Ismail Ramsey 2023-present




See also


Courts of California
List of current United States district" target="_blank">district judges
List of United States federal courthouses in California




References






External links


United States district" target="_blank">District Court for the Northern district" target="_blank">District of California Official Main, misconduct and ombudsperson websites
United States Attorney for the Northern district" target="_blank">District of California Official Website
Community History Exhibits at San Francisco Court facilities

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