• Source: Viola concerto

A viola concerto is a concerto contrasting a viola with another body of musical instruments such as an orchestra or chamber music ensemble. Throughout music history, especially during the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic eras, viola was viewed mostly as an ensemble instrument. Though there were a few notable concertos written for the instrument in this time period, these instances were quite rare and the instrument continued to be ignored. However, during the 20th century, the instrument was revitalized thanks to the work of a number of violists and composers, which led to the commission and composition of many more viola concertos, expanding the repertoire significantly.




Early history of the viola concerto


Early examples of violas taking solo roles in orchestral settings include Johann Sebastian Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 6, scored for two solo violas, Georg Philipp Telemann's Concerto in G major, and Carl Stamitz's Viola Concerto in D major. Arguably, one of the first concertante works to use the viola without caution was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante, scored for solo violin and viola. Although not much work was written for the viola alone in the Classical or Romantic periods, with only a few example concerto-like pieces emerging such as Max Bruch's Romanze, Hector Berlioz's Harold en Italie, or Johann Nepomuk Hummel's Potpourri, the viola concerto would see significant growth from the late 1800s.




Revitalization of the viola concerto


A number of violists and composers are credited with revitalizing the viola concerto and expanding its repertoire, with much of it centralized in Britain in the early 1900s.

British violist Lionel Tertis is often credited with popularizing the viola as a solo instrument in the early 20th century through advocating for the composition of new pieces, as well as arranging works for the viola. A number of works were dedicated to Tertis including concertos by William Walton and Edwin York Bowen, and other concertante works such as Arnold Bax's Phantasy for Viola and Orchestra. Tertis also commissioned pieces such as Ralph Vaughan Williams' Flos Campi and Gustav Holst's Lyric Movement for Viola and Small Orchestra, in addition to gaining permission to transpose works for the viola, such as Edward Elgar's Cello Concerto and Frederick Delius's Caprice and Elegy for Cello and Orchestra.
William Primrose was also an important figure in establishing the role of the viola as a soloist, having a number of concertos dedicated to him by composers like Quincy Porter and Darius Milhaud. He also commissioned works as well, with the most famous being Béla Bartók's posthumously completed Viola Concerto.
Other contemporary composers, such as Alfred Schnittke and Krzysztof Penderecki, have also composed pieces for Viola and Orchestra. Orchestrations of accompaniments from chamber works into concertante works have also become more popular, with more well known transcriptions being those of Shostakovich's Viola Sonata or Rebecca Clarke's Viola Sonata.




List of viola concertos






List of other works for viola and orchestra


Airat Ichmouratov
Fantasy on D. Shostakovich's Opera "Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk" for Viola and Orchestra, Op. 12 (2006)
3 Romances for Viola, String Orchestra, and Harp, Op. 22 (2009)
Arnold Bax
Phantasy for Viola and Orchestra (1920)
Hector Berlioz
Harold en Italie (1834)
Ernest Bloch
Suite for Viola and Orchestra (1919)
Suite Hébraïque (1951)
Johannes Brahms
Sonata for Viola and Orchestra (1894)
Max Bruch
Romance for Viola and Orchestra, Op. 85
Rebecca Clarke
Sonata for Viola and Orchestra (1919)
Benjamin Dale
Romance
Gyula Dávid
Music for Viola and Orchestra (2011)
Cornelis Dopper
Nocturne for Viola and Orchestra (1937)
Iván Erőd
Koncertant Fantasy for Viola and String Orchestra, Op. 35 (1980–1981)
Morton Feldman
The Viola in My Life IV (1971)
Geoffrey Gordon
Meditation and Allegro for Viola and Ensemble (2010)
Sofia Gubaidulina
Two Paths: A Dedication to Mary and Martha for Two Viola Soloists and Orchestra (1998)
Paul Hindemith
Kammermusik No. 5 for Viola and Chamber Orchestra
Konzertmusik for Viola with Chamber Orchestra
Der Schwanendreher
Trauermusik for Viola and Strings
Gustav Holst
Lyric Movement for Viola and Small Orchestra (1933)
Alan Hovhaness
Talin for Viola and Strings, Op. 93, No. 1 (1951–52)
Herbert Howells
Elegy for Viola, String Quartet and String Orchestra, Op. 15 (1917)
Johann Nepomuk Hummel
Potpourri for Viola and Orchestra, Op. 94
Joseph Jongen
Suite, Op. 48 (1915)
Darius Milhaud
Concertino d'été, Op. 311 (1951)
Air (from Sonata No. 1), Op. 242 (1944)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra
Thea Musgrave
Lamenting with Ariadne for Viola and Chamber Orchestra
Niccolò Paganini
Quartet 15 for Viola and Orchestra (1820)
Sonata per la Grand Viola (1834)
Joseph de Pasquale
Theme and Variations for Viola, String Orchestra, and Harp (1954)
Variations for Viola, String Orchestra, and Harp (1984)
Alessandro Rolla (1757–1841)
Introduction and Divertimento in F major for Viola and Large Orchestra (incomplete), BI. 329
Divertimento in F major for Viola and Orchestra d'Archi, BI. 330
Rondo in G major for Viola and String Orchestra, 2 Oboes, and 2 Horns, BI.331
Divertimento in G major for Viola and Orchestra, BI. 332
Adagio and Thema with Variations in G major for Viola and Orchestra, BI. 333
Antonio Rolla (1798–1837)
Variazioni Brillanti in F major for Viola and Orchestra, Op. 13 (1822)
Julius Röntgen
Introduction, Fugue, Intermezzo and Finale for Violin, Viola, Cello
Robert Schumann
Märchenbilder for Viola and Orchestra (1851)
Peter Sculthorpe
Elegy for Viola and Strings (2006)
Tibor Serly
Concerto for Viola and Orchestra (1929)
Rhapsody for Viola and Orchestra (1948)
Dmitri Shostakovich
String Quartet No. 13 for Viola and Orchestra (1970)
Sonata for Viola, Percussion, and Orchestra (1975)
Leó Weiner
Ballad for Viola and Orchestra
John Woolrich
Ulysses Awakes (1989)
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Suite for Viola and Orchestra
Suite Flos Campi for Viola, Chorus and Orchestra
Bernd Alois Zimmermann
Antiphonen für Viola und 25 Instrumentalisten




Notes






See also



Viola sonata
String instrument repertoire




References






External links


Viola website, hosting information about the viola. Archived 2007-04-20 at the Wayback Machine
Michael Haydn page with Many Classical and Early-Romantic Worklists
Viola Fan Club and Repertoire List
Viola in music – The role of viola in music. Information, description of works, videos, free sheet music, MIDI files, RSS update.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Nigel Kennedy
• Kontrabas
• Selo (alat musik)
• Konserto Biola (Mendelssohn)
• Konserto Piano No. 2 (Rachmaninoff)
• Biola
• Orkes Gesek
• Bandung Philharmonic
• Georg Philipp Telemann
• Carl Maria von Weber
• Viola concerto
• Viola
• Concerto
• Brandenburg Concertos
• Viola Concerto (Bartók)
• Vertical viola
• Viola Concerto (Walton)
• William Walton
• Viola Concerto in G major (Telemann)
• Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra (Mozart)