WebVTT (Web Video Text Tracks) is a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard for displaying timed text in connection with the HTML5 element. The early drafts of its specification were written by the WHATWG in 2010 after discussions about what caption format should be supported by HTML5—the main options being the relatively mature, XML-based Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) or an entirely new but more lightweight standard based on the widely used SubRip format. The final decision was for the new standard, initially called WebSRT (Web Subtitle Resource Tracks). It shared the .srt file extension and was broadly based on the SubRip format, though not fully compatible with it. The prospective format was later renamed WebVTT. In the January 13, 2011, version of the HTML5 Draft Report, the element was introduced and the specification was updated to document WebVTT cue text rendering rules. The WebVTT specification is a W3C Candidate Recommendation, and the basic features are supported by all major browsers. Main differences from SubRip WebVTT's first line starts with WEBVTT after the optional UTF-8 byte order mark There is space for optional header data between the first line and the first cue Timecode fractional values are separated by a full stop instead of a comma Timecode hours are optional The frame numbering/identification preceding the timecode is optional Comments identified by the word NOTE can be added Metadata information can be added in a JSON-style format Chapter information can be optionally specified Only supports extended characters as UTF-8 CSS in a separate file defined in the companion HTML document for C tags is used instead of the FONT element Cue settings allow the customization of cue positioning on the video Compatibility Firefox implemented WebVTT in its nightly builds (Firefox 24), but initially it was not enabled by default. The feature had to be enabled in Firefox by going to the "about:config" page and setting the value of "media.webvtt.enabled" to true. YouTube began supporting WebVTT in April, 2013. As of July 24, 2014, Mozilla has enabled WebVTT on Firefox by default. Subtitles in a .vtt file show online, but not when stored on a local drive. Example of WebVTT format A sample file from the W3C captioning Roger Bingham interviewing Neil deGrasse Tyson: WEBVTT 00:11.000 --> 00:13.000 We are in New York City 00:13.000 --> 00:16.000 We're actually at the Lucern Hotel, just down the street 00:16.000 --> 00:18.000 from the American Museum of Natural History 00:18.000 --> 00:20.000 And with me is Neil deGrasse Tyson 00:20.000 --> 00:22.000 Astrophysicist, Director of the Hayden Planetarium 00:22.000 --> 00:24.000 at the AMNH. 00:24.000 --> 00:26.000 Thank you for walking down here. 00:27.000 --> 00:30.000 And I want to do a follow-up on the last conversation we did. 00:30.000 --> 00:31.500 align:right size:50% When we e-mailed— 00:30.500 --> 00:32.500 align:left size:50% Didn't we talk about enough in that conversation? 00:32.000 --> 00:35.500 align:right size:50% No! No no no no; 'cos 'cos obviously 'cos 00:32.500 --> 00:33.500 align:left size:50% Laughs 00:35.500 --> 00:38.000 You know I'm so excited my glasses are falling off here. Other features In June 2013, an example was added to the specification that included a new "region" setting. This feature is supported since Firefox 59 and Safari 14.1 (14.5 on iOS) but not in any other browser. References External links WebVTT Standard Mozilla's developer page concerning WebVTT implementation WebVTT Viewer
