- Source: Wedding of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones
The wedding of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones took place on Friday, 6 May 1960 at Westminster Abbey in London. Princess Margaret was the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II, while Antony Armstrong-Jones was a noted society photographer.
Engagement
Princess Margaret met photographer Antony Armstrong-Jones in 1958 at a dinner party at the Chelsea home of Lady Elizabeth Cavendish. The two had previously encountered each other when Armstrong-Jones was the photographer at the wedding of Margaret's friends, Lady Anne Coke and The Hon. Colin Tennant, in April 1956. In October 1959, Armstrong-Jones was invited to stay at Balmoral Castle. The public assumed he was there to photograph the royal family. They became engaged shortly after and on 26 February 1960, Clarence House announced the engagement. Armstrong-Jones presented the Princess with an engagement ring set with a ruby surrounded by a marguerite of diamonds. He had designed the ring himself after a rose in honour of Margaret's middle name.
Two days before the wedding, on 4 May, there was a white-tie ball at Buckingham Palace attended by the Prime Minister and the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Wedding
= Ceremony
=Margaret made her way with the Duke of Edinburgh from Clarence House in the Glass Coach, arriving at the church at 11:30. The wedding took place at Westminster Abbey and was conducted by The Most Rev. Dr Geoffery Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury and The Very Rev. Eric Abbott, Dean of Westminster. It was the first royal wedding to be broadcast on television and had an estimated 300 million viewers, 20 million of which from the UK. Richard Dimbleby, Jean Metcalfe, Anne Edwards, Brian Johnston, and Wynford Vaughan-Thomas covered the event for the BBC.
= Attendants
=Armstrong-Jones's best man was Dr Roger Gilliatt, son of the Queen's gynecologist. The Countess of Rosse, the groom's mother, had hoped he would choose his half-brother, Lord Oxmantown, as his best man. However, resentment of their mother's favouritism led him to reject this suggestion. On 19 March, it was announced he had chosen Jeremy Fry for the role, but Fry was convicted of "importuning for immoral purposes" after allegedly approaching a man for sex, so was replaced.
Princess Margaret was attended by eight bridesmaids:
The Princess Anne, daughter of The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh
Miss Angela Nevill, daughter of Lord Rupert Nevill and Lady Rupert Nevill
Lady Rose Nevill, daughter of The Marquess and Marchioness of Abergavenny
The Hon. Catherine Vesey, daughter of The Viscount and Viscountess de Vesci
Miss Sarah Lowther, daughter of Mr and Mrs John Lowther
Lady Virginia Fitzroy, daughter of Earl and Countess of Euston
Miss Annabel Rhodes, daughter of The Hon. Margaret and Mr Denys Rhodes
Miss Marilyn Wills, daughter of The Hon. Jean and Captain John Wills.
= Music
=Prior to the service, works by Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, Henry Purcell and William Henry Harris were played on the organ. The bride walked down the aisle to the hymn "Christ is Made the Sure Foundation" to the tune Westminster Abbey by Purcell. Throughout the service, anthems by Franz Schubert, William Byrd and Gustav Holst were sung. The recessional music, at the special request of the bride, was "Trumpet Tune and Airs" by Purcell.
= Attire
=The Princess wore a silk organza gown designed by Norman Hartnell. She accessorized with the Poltimore tiara, which she had purchased at auction a year earlier, and a diamond riviére of 34 old-cut diamonds given to the bride by her grandmother, Queen Mary. She carried a bouquet of white orchids. Hartnell also designed the outfits of The Queen and The Queen Mother.
Armstrong-Jones and all male members of the royal family, except for Lord Mountbatten, wore morning dress.
Guests
Notable guests in attendance included:
= Relatives of the bride
=House of Windsor
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, the bride's mother
The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, the bride's sister and brother-in-law
The Prince of Wales, the bride's nephew
The Princess Anne, the bride's niece (bridesmaid)
The Princess Royal, the bride's paternal aunt
The Earl and Countess of Harewood, the bride's first cousin and his wife
The Hon. Gerald and Angela Lascelles, the bride's first cousin and his wife
The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, the bride's paternal uncle and aunt
Prince William of Gloucester, the bride's first cousin
Prince Richard of Gloucester, the bride's first cousin
The Duchess of Kent, the bride's paternal aunt by marriage
The Duke of Kent, the bride's first cousin
Princess Alexandra of Kent, the bride's first cousin
Prince Michael of Kent, the bride's first cousin
Lady Patricia and Admiral The Hon. Sir Alexander Ramsay, the bride's first cousin twice removed, and her husband
Captain Alexander Ramsay of Mar and the Mistress of Saltoun, the bride's second cousin once removed, and his wife
Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, the bride's first cousin, twice removed and paternal great aunt by marriage
Other descendants of Queen Victoria
The Queen of Denmark, the bride's second cousin once removed (and godmother)
The Earl Mountbatten of Burma, the bride's second cousin once removed
The Lady Brabourne, the bride's third cousin
The Hereditary Prince of Baden, the bride's third cousin
Prince Ludwig of Baden, the bride's third cousin
Prince Karl of Hesse, the bride's third cousin
Bowes-Lyon family
The Hon. Jean and Captain John Wills, the bride's first cousin and her husband
Marilyn Wills, the bride's first cousin, once removed
The Hon. Margaret and Denys Rhodes, the bride's first cousin and her husband
Annabel Rhodes, the bride's first cousin, once removed
= Relatives of the groom
=Major and Mrs Ronald Armstrong-Jones, the groom's father and stepmother
The Viscountess and Viscount de Vesci, the groom's sister and brother-in-law
The Hon. Catherine Vesey, the bridegroom's niece
The Countess and Earl of Rosse, the groom's mother and stepfather
Lord Oxmantown, the groom's half-brother
The Hon. Martin Parsons, the groom's half-brother
= Politicians
=British politicians
The Rt Hon. Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and Lady Dorothy Macmillan
The Rt Hon. Selwyn Lloyd, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
The Rt Hon. Sir Winston Churchill, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Commonwealth politicians
The Rt Hon. Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia
The Rt Hon. John Diefenbaker, Prime Minister of Canada
The Rt Hon. Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister of Ghana
The Hon. Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India
Field Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan
The Rt Hon. Walter Nash, Prime Minister of New Zealand
The wedding coincided with the 10th Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference held at Windsor Castle. As a result, many of the Commonwealth dignitaries attended the wedding.
= Religious figures
=The Most Rev. Dr Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury
The Very Rev. Eric Abbott, Dean of Westminster
= Other notable guests
=Dr Roger Gilliatt and Penelope Gilliatt (best man)
Earl and Countess of Euston
Lady Virginia FitzRoy (bridesmaid)
Mr and Mrs John Lowther
Sarah Lowther (bridesmaid)
The Marquess and Marchioness of Abergavenny
Lady Rose Nevill (bridesmaid)
Lord and Lady Rupert Nevill
Angela Nevill (bridesmaid)
The Hon. Iris Peake
Aftermath
Following a balcony appearance and a wedding breakfast for 150 guests at Buckingham Palace, the bride changed into her Victor Stiebel going-away outfit and they departed in an open Rolls-Royce. They spent their six-week honeymoon touring the Caribbean on HMY Britannia. On 26 May, while away on honeymoon, Camilla Fry, wife of Jeremy Fry, gave birth to Armstrong-Jones's illegitimate daughter, Polly. Allegations of this were first raised in 2004 and confirmed when Armstrong-Jones agreed to take a paternity test.
On 6 October 1961, Armstrong-Jones was raised to the peerage as Earl of Snowdon and Viscount Linley, of Nymans in the County of Sussex, by Queen Elizabeth II. He became "The Right Honourable The Earl of Snowdon" and Princess Margaret became "Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon." The couple had two children, David (born 1961), now the 2nd Earl of Snowdon, and Sarah (born 1964).
The Snowdons separated in 1976, subsequently divorcing on 11 July 1978. It was the first divorce by a senior member of the royal family since that of Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse in 1901. On 15 December 1978, Snowdon remarried Lucy Lindsay-Hogg, separating in 2000. They had a daughter, Frances (b. 1979). On 30 April 1998, Snowdon fathered another illegitimate child, Jasper William Oliver Cable-Alexander.
After years of ill health, Princess Margaret, who never remarried, died on 9 February 2002, aged 71. Lord Snowdon died on 13 January 2017, aged 86.
References
Notes
Sources
Heald, Tim (2007), Princess Margaret: A Life Unravelled, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ISBN 978-0-297-84820-2
Warwick, Christopher (2002), Princess Margaret: A Life of Contrasts, London: Carlton Publishing Group, ISBN 0-233-05106-6
External links
Order of Service for the wedding
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Putri Margaret dari Snowdon
- Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones
- Elizabeth II dari Britania Raya
- Lady Sarah Chatto
- Wedding of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones
- Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon
- David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon
- Lady Sarah Chatto
- Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon
- Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones
- Wedding dress of Princess Margaret of the United Kingdom
- Wedding of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips
- Lady Anne Wallop
- Lord Rupert Nevill
