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The 18th Indian Division was an infantry division of the British Indian Army that saw active service in the First World War. It took part in the Mesopotamian campaign and formed part of the occupation force for Iraq post-war. The division was not reformed for the Second World War.
History
The 18th Indian Division was formed in Mesopotamia on 24 December 1917, although the last of its brigades (55th) was not formed until January 1918. Many of the division's units transferred directly from India so time was needed for them to become acclimatized. It remained in Mesopotamia for the rest of the First World War, taking part in the action at Fat-ha Gorge on the Little Zab (23–26 October 1918) and the Battle of Sharqat (28–30 October 1918) under the command of I Corps.
At the end of the war, the 18th Division was chosen to form part of the occupation force for Iraq. It took part in the Iraq Rebellion in 1920 and was broken up in the following year.
Order of battle
The division commanded the following units, although not all of them served at the same time:
= 53rd Indian Brigade
=1/9th Battalion, Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment)
1st Battalion, 89th Punjabis
1st Battalion, 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles
1st Battalion, 7th Gurkha Rifles
207th Machine Gun Company
53rd Light Trench Mortar Battery
= 54th Indian Brigade
=1/5th Battalion, Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment)
25th Punjabis
1st Battalion, 39th Garhwal Rifles
52nd Sikhs (Frontier Force)
238th Machine Gun Company
54th Light Trench Mortar Battery
= 55th Indian Brigade
=1/5th Battalion, East Surrey Regiment
1st Battalion, 10th Jats
87th Punjabis
1st Battalion, 94th Russell's Infantry
116th Mahrattas
1st Battalion, 5th Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force)
239th Machine Gun Company
55th Light Trench Mortar Battery
= Divisional Artillery
=CCCXXXVI Brigade, Royal Field Artillery (A, B, C and D (H) Batteries)
CCCXXXVII Brigade, Royal Field Artillery (A, B, C and 341st (H) Batteries)
X.18 Medium Trench Mortar Battery
18th Divisional Ammunition Column
= Engineers and Pioneers
=2nd, 5th, 6th and 8th Field Companies, 1st King George's Own Sappers and Miners
18th Division Signal Company, Royal Engineers Signal Service
106th Hazara Pioneers
1st Battalion, 32nd Sikh Pioneers
= Divisional Troops
=249th Machine Gun Company
18th Machine Gun Battalion
37th, 38th, 39th and 40th Combined Field Ambulances, RAMC
No. 12 Mobile Veterinary Section, AVC
18th Division Train, ASC
Commanders
The division was commanded from 7 January 1918 by Major-General H.D. Fanshawe and from 12 March 1919 by Major-General Theodore Fraser.
See also
List of Indian divisions in World War I
Notes
References
Bibliography
Haythornthwaite, Philip J. (1996). The World War One Source Book. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-351-7.
Kempton, Chris (2003a). 'Loyalty & Honour', The Indian Army September 1939 – August 1947. Vol. Part I Divisions. Milton Keynes: The Military Press. ISBN 0-85420-228-5.
Moberly, F.J. (1923). Official History of the War: Mesopotamia Campaign. London: Imperial War Museum. ISBN 1-870423-30-5.
Perry, F.W. (1993). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions. Newport: Ray Westlake Military Books. ISBN 1-871167-23-X.
Wilson-Johnston, Lt.-Col. W.E. (2001) [1919]. Account of the Operations of the 18th (Indian) Division in Mesopotamia December 1917 to December 1918. Naval & Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84574-323-9.
External links
18th Indian Division on The Regimental Warpath 1914 - 1918 by PB Chappell at the Wayback Machine (archived 17 May 2008)
"Battle of Sharqat, 1918". FirstWorldWar.com. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
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