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Breast self-examination GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
Breast self-examination (BSE) is a screening method used in an attempt to detect early breast cancer. The method involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling.
BSE was once promoted heavily as a means of finding cancer at a more curable stage, but large randomized controlled studies found that it was not effective in preventing death, and actually caused harm through needless biopsies, surgery, and anxiety. The World Health Organization and other organizations recommend against BSE. Other organizations take a neutral stance, and do not recommend for or against BSE.
Breast awareness is an informal alternative to breast self-examinations, where women acquaint themselves with their breasts in order to become more aware of any changes in their bodies without practicing regularly scheduled self-examinations and any patient-observed change or abnormality in the breast anatomy are reported to a healthcare team for further evaluation.
Limitations
According to a meta-analysis in the Cochrane Collaboration, two large trials in Russia and Shanghai found no beneficial effects of screening by breast self-examination "but do suggest increased harm in terms of increased numbers of benign lesions identified and an increased number of biopsies performed". They concluded, "At present, screening by breast self-examination or physical examination cannot be recommended."
Although breast self-examination increases the number of biopsies performed on women, it does not reduce mortality from breast cancer. In a large clinical trial involving more than 260,000 female Chinese factory workers, half were carefully taught by nurses at their factories to perform monthly breast self-exam, and the other half were not. The women taught self-exam detected more benign (normal or harmless lumps) or early-stage breast disease, but equal numbers of women died from breast cancer in each group.
Because breast self-exam is not proven to save lives, it is no longer routinely recommended by health authorities for general use. It may be appropriate in women who have a particularly high risk of developing breast cancer. Some charitable organizations still promote BSE as a universal screening approach, even in the low-risk women who are most likely to be harmed by unnecessary follow-up procedures. Writer Gayle A. Sulik, in her book Pink Ribbon Blues, suggests that these charities are motivated by their donations depending on fear of breast cancer. Among groups promoting evidence-based medicine, awareness of breast health and familiarity with one's own body is typically promoted instead of self-exams.
Breast self-examinations are based on the assumption that cancer develops by steady growth of the tumor. According to breast cancer specialist and surgeon Susan Love, "Breast cancer doesn't work like that...it's sneaky. You could examine yourself every day and suddenly find a walnut."
Among women with high-risk BRCA mutations, about 10% said that performing breast self-examination increased their anxiety. Half of those who did perform BSE felt that it gave them a sense of control.
Learning breast self-examination increases a woman's level of depression, worrying, and anxiety about breast cancer. Greater anxiety about breast cancer is associated with a higher likelihood of performing BSE. Women are also more likely to perform BSE if they have experienced a false positive error from screening mammography (being wrongly told that breast cancer may be present, when the woman is actually cancer-free).
Methods
A variety of methods and patterns are used in breast self-exams. Most methods suggest that the woman stand in front of a mirror with the torso exposed to view. She looks in the mirror for visual signs of dimpling, swelling, or redness on or near the breasts. This is usually repeated in several positions, such as while having hands on the hips, and then again with arms held overhead.
The woman then palpates her breasts with the pads of her fingers to feel for lumps (either superficial or deeper in tissue) or soreness. There are several common patterns, which are designed to ensure complete coverage. The vertical strip pattern involves moving the fingers up and down over the breast. The pie-wedge pattern starts at the nipple and moves outward. The circular pattern involves moving the fingers in concentric circles from the nipple outward. Some guidelines suggest mentally dividing the breast into four quadrants and checking each quadrant separately. The palpation process covers the entire breast, including the "axillary tail" of each breast that extends toward the axilla (armpit). This is usually done once while standing in front of the mirror and again while lying down.
Finally, women that are not breastfeeding gently squeeze each nipple to check for any discharge.
Various mnemonic devices are used as teaching devices. One is called the seven P's of BSE, after seven steps that are named to have the same first initial: Positions, Perimeter, Palpation, Pressure, Pattern, Practice, and Planning what to do if a change is found in the breast tissue.
For pre-menopausal women, most methods suggest that the self-exam be performed at the same stage of the woman's menstrual cycle, because the normal hormone fluctuations can cause changes in the breasts. The most commonly recommended time is just after the end of menstruation, because the breasts are least likely to be swollen and tender at this time. Women who are postmenopausal or have irregular cycles might do a self-exam once a month regardless of their menstrual cycle.
Teaching correctly performed breast self-examinations normally takes a trained professional seven to ten minutes.
Recommendations
The World Health Organization, the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care, and many other scientific organizations recommend against the use of breast self-examinations. Also, the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners states that teaching women to perform breast self-examination is no longer recommended. In the US, however, there is no consensus among organizations related to breast self-examination as the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the American Medical Association recommend monthly breast self-examination while the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, the US Preventative Services Task Force, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network neither recommend nor discourage breast self-examination.
It is currently being investigated whether breast self examination would be useful as an alternative screening technique in remote areas where women do not have access to regular mammogram tests or comprehensive gynecological care, but more research is required to form a consensus.
History
Activists began promoting breast self-examination in the 1930s because their exhortation to not delay seeking treatment for suspicious lumps was not affecting the death rate.
In the 1950s and 1960s, a film demonstrating breast self-examination, which was co-sponsored by the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute, was shown to millions of American women.
In the 1970s, researchers began to report that women were being told to do this even though there had never been any evidence to suggest that it saved lives.
See also
Breast cancer awareness
Mammography
Testicular self-examination
Well-woman examination
References
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Breast Self-Exam - National Breast Cancer Foundation
Jan 6, 2025 · A breast self-exam is an early detection tool that uses a combination of physical and visual examinations of the breasts to check for signs and symptoms of breast cancer. The purpose of a breast self-exam is to become familiar with …
Self-Breast Exam: Purpose, Steps & How To - Cleveland Clinic
Doing a breast self-exam at home helps you detect breast changes so you can discuss them with a healthcare provider. Regular self-breast exams can help you maintain breast health and detect cancer early when it’s easier to treat.
Breast Self-Exam: How To Check for Breast Lumps and Changes
Learn how to do a breast self-exam at home. Regularly examining your breasts on your own is an important way to find lumps and breast cancer early.
Breast self-exam for breast awareness - Mayo Clinic
Jul 24, 2024 · A breast self-exam for breast awareness is a check of your breasts that you do on your own. To help increase your breast awareness, you use your eyes and hands to learn if there are any changes to the look and feel of your breasts.
How to Do a Breast Self Exam - wikiHow
Feb 6, 2024 · Breast self-exams are an optional screening tool to check for early signs of breast cancer. Performing these exams monthly can help you familiarize yourself with the look and feel of your breasts so that you can more easily detect changes.
Breast Self-Awareness and How To Do a Breast Self-Exam (BSE)
Sep 28, 2022 · One way you can be aware of how your breasts look and feel is by doing a breast self-exam (BSE). MSK does not recommend doing a BSE as part of routine breast cancer screening. This is because studies show they do not help …
Breast Self-Awareness and How To Do a Breast Self-Exam …
Sep 28, 2022 · One way you can be aware of how your breasts look and feel is by doing a breast self-exam (BSE). MSK does not recommend doing a BSE as part of routine breast cancer screening. This is because studies show they do not help …
Breast Self-Exam: Step-By-Step Guide and What to Look For
Jun 9, 2023 · A breast self-exam is an at-home exam that may aid in detecting early signs of breast cancer. The exam is painless and easy to perform, and your doctor can teach you. It’s recommended that breast self-exams be combined with other screening tests to detect breast cancer most accurately.
Breast Self-Examination - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Aug 17, 2023 · Gain knowledge and understanding of the practice of self-breast examination. Identify the indications of breast self-examination. Describe the preparation and technique in regards to breast self-examination. Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.
Breast Self Examination | Medanta
Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is a simple, non-invasive method that women can perform on their own to check for any unusual changes or abnormalities in their breasts. This practice, when done regularly, can help in the early detection of breast cancer, increasing the chances of successful treatment and recovery.
