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      A code cave is a series of unused bytes in a process's memory. The code cave inside a process's memory is often a reference to a section that has capacity for injecting custom instructions.


      Common uses


      The concept of a code cave is often employed by hackers and reverse engineers to execute arbitrary code in a compiled program. It can be a helpful method to make modifications to a compiled program in the example of including additional dialog boxes, variable modifications or even the removal of software key validation checks. Often using a call instruction commonly found on many CPU architectures, the code jumps to the new subroutine and pushes the next address onto the stack. After execution of the subroutine a return instruction can be used to pop the previous location off of the stack into the program counter. This allows the existing program to jump to the newly added code without making significant changes to the program flow itself.


      Advantages


      Easy and fast – This means the modification process is fast and easy. When modifying the existing code with tools such as OllyDbg, the added functions can be assembled and tested without any external dependencies.
      No need for source – Using code caves can be extremely efficient even if there is no source code provided for the programmer. This allows for the programmer to make adjustments such as adding or removing functions in the code without having to rewrite the entire program or link any external dependencies into an existing project.


      Disadvantages


      Easy to break the program – In many cases the executable file is modified. This means that there may not be an existing code cave in the existing script for any code injection due to the lack of resources provided in script. Any replacement of the existing script may lead to program failure/crash.
      Lack of versatility – Injecting code into an existing script means that the limited space given only allows for simple instruction modifications and the language used is only assembly. This can be mitigated by the use of shared library injectors (DLL injection [Windows] or LD_PRELOAD [Linux]) such that the injected library contains already compiled code and existing instructions in the target binary are simply modified to use it.


      Tools


      pycave: Simple tool to find code caves in Portable Executable (PE) files.
      OllyDbg: a debugger for code analysis. It traces the script calls and executes, as well as displays any iterations in the libraries and binaries. Code can be injected or removed into/from the EXE file directly with this debugger.
      PE: Explorer: it allows a user to open and edit executable files called PE files (portable executable files). This includes .EXE, .DLLs and other less common file types.
      Cheat Engine: a powerful tool that reads process memory and writes process memory. This means any client-side data values can be changed and edited. It also can display changes in the values.
      TSearch: a powerful tool that reads process memory and writes process memory. Like Cheat Engine, it can change client-side values data.


      References




      External links


      Code cave explanation in German

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    Cave game title - Minecraft Resource Pack

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    Cave Spider – Minecraft Wiki

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    The Cave game info — igroPad.com

    Search Results

    code cave

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    What is a code cave, and is there any legitimate use for one?

    Apr 24, 2009 · Instead, it suggests the code cave is being allocated with VirtualAllocEx to create a brand new block of memory in the target process. That removes the need to search for unused space in the target, and it guarantees you'll have enough space to put all your new code. Ultimately, I think a "code cave" is just a place to store run-time-generated ...

    c++ - Injecting 64 Bit DLL using code cave - Stack Overflow

    Mar 8, 2012 · After reading this article : Dll Injection by Darawk, I decided to use code caves. It worked great for 32bit but because VS doesn't support inline assembly for 64 Bit I had to write the op-codes and operands explicitly. I looked at this article : 64Bit injection using code cave, as the article states, there are some differences:

    security - Code_Cave Example C Programming - Stack Overflow

    Oct 25, 2018 · A code cave is a series of null bytes in a process's memory. I have tried this: char *cave = malloc(10000); register int i; for(i=0;i<999;i++){ cave[i]='\0'; } And EDB shows that it is all NULL bytes, but cave_miner (latest version from GutHUB) does not seem to find the cave when I try for 10000 or even 100 bytes in length.

    How do I make space for my code cave in a Windows PE 32bit …

    Typically, you juste need to add a section at the end of the PE and jump there from the code section. There is usually a little bit of space at the end of the code section (code cave) so you can place your JMPs (or a little code stub) there to redirect to the new section.

    Calculate 64bit jmp for code cave in c# - Stack Overflow

    Mar 29, 2017 · Your code location is high. Aside from asking for an absolute address (which is potentially tricky, as xanatos has pointed out), you can also try passing MEM_TOP_DOWN to get an allocation that's as high as possible. Alternatively, you could generate code for an absolute jump, but if you're patching existing bytes that may not be an option.

    code injection - C# - Coding a codecave (aobinjection) - Stack …

    Nov 10, 2021 · Cheat engine itself has a feature named "AOB Injection" which allows replacing code with a jmp which jumps to new allocated memory, there you can write new opcode and return after executing it. That's called "AOB Injection" or "Code cave". Now I am struggling to create a code cave for my process.

    Newest 'codecave' Questions - Stack Overflow

    Nov 10, 2021 · What is a code cave, and is there any legitimate use for one? I encountered this word for the first time in the StackOverflow question "C# Theoretical: Write a JMP to a codecave in asm." I see that according to Wiktionary, a code cave is: an unused block of ...

    windows - How do I prevent DLL injection - Stack Overflow

    May 15, 2009 · Code Cave. Nice technique. Not seen that before. You can defend against this, but you'll have to hook the LoadLibrary entry point (not the IAT table) as the Code Cave calls LoadLibrary directly. As the author of the article commented - there are many ways you can be attacked and you probably will have a hard time defeating them all.

    How does one use VirtualAllocEx do make room for a code cave?

    Jan 16, 2016 · After the question about "code cave" is cleared, you can find interesting following code which enumerate blocks allocated by VirtualAllocEx in the current process and find all PE (DLLs and the EXE itself).

    c++ - Injecting thread with codecave - Stack Overflow

    Sep 21, 2013 · By using 'codecave' technique to inject code into another process; is it possible to inject code to create a new thread (and also inject the code for the new thread) and let that thread execute parallel with the target process main thread? I can manage this with dll injection but I want to know if it is possible with just pure code injection.