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The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 (CMHA) (also known as the Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act, Mental Retardation Facilities and Construction Act, Public Law 88-164, or the Mental Retardation and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963) was an act to provide federal funding for community mental health centers and research facilities in the United States. This legislation was passed as part of John F. Kennedy's New Frontier. It led to considerable deinstitutionalization.
In 1955, Congress passed the Mental Health Study Act, leading to the establishment of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Mental Health. That Commission issued a report in 1961, which would become the basis of the 1963 Act.
The CMHA provided grants to states for the establishment of local mental health centers, under the overview of the National Institute of Mental Health. The NIH also conducted a study involving adequacy in mental health issues. The purpose of the CMHA was to build mental health centers to provide for community-based care, as an alternative to institutionalization. At the centers, patients could be treated while working and living at home.
Only half of the proposed centers were ever built; none was fully funded, and the act didn't provide money to operate them long-term. Some states closed expensive state hospitals, but never spent money to establish community-based care. Deinstitutionalization accelerated after the adoption of Medicaid in 1965. During the Reagan administration, the remaining funding for the act was converted into a mental-health block grants for states. Since the CMHA was enacted, 90 percent of beds have been cut at state hospitals, but they have not been replaced by community resources.
The CMHA proved to be a mixed success. Many patients, formerly warehoused in institutions, were released into the community. However, not all communities have had the facilities or expertise to deal with them. In many cases, patients wound up in adult homes or with their families, or homeless in large cities, and without the mental health care they needed. Without community support, mentally ill people have more trouble getting treatment, maintaining medication regimens, and supporting themselves. They make up a large proportion of the homeless and an increasing proportion of people in jail.
See also
Community mental health service
Psychiatric hospital
Involuntary commitment
Outpatient commitment
Treatment Advocacy Center
Political abuse of psychiatry
Global Mental Health
Notes
Further reading
External links
"S. 1576 (88th): An Act to provide assistance in combating mental retardation through grants for construction of research centers and grants for facilities for the mentally retarded and assistance in improving mental health through grants for construction and initial staffing". GovTrack. Civic Impulse, LLC.
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Daftar Isi
Community Mental Health Act - Wikipedia
The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 (CMHA) (also known as the Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act, Mental Retardation Facilities and Construction Act, Public Law 88 …
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) - New York State Office ...
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) takes a "whole team" approach to treating serious mental illness. It allows people to receive services in their community (rather than a more restrictive …
An Act to provide assistance in combating mental retardation ...
5 days ago · The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 (CMHA) (also known as the Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act, Mental Retardation Facilities and Construction Act, …
Vision Revisited: 50 Years of the Community Mental Health Act
Nov 8, 2013 · The act was designed to usher in a new era of community-based treatment of mentally ill individuals, and around the country advocates celebrated the legacy of a vision …
The History of Community Mental Health Care
Mar 12, 2021 · A well-meaning policy intervention called the Community Mental Health Act (CMHA) of 1963 provides some answers. The main goal of the CMHA was to provide …
Deinstitutionalization Through Optimism: The Community Mental ...
Jun 11, 2021 · The Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963—more commonly known as the Community Mental Health Act …
Community Mental Health Act - Wikiwand
The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 (CMHA) was an act to provide federal funding for community mental health centers and research facilities in the United S...
Mental Health Association in Genesee County, Batavia NY
Feb 14, 2025 · The mission of the Mental Health Association in Genesee County is to promote mental wellness through education, advocacy and support for our community thereby …
Remarks Upon Signing a Bill for the Construction of Mental ...
4 days ago · Sound recording of President John F. Kennedy’s statement in the White House Cabinet Room upon signing S. 1576, the Community Mental Health Act of 1963 (also known …
Community Mental Health and Deinstitutionalization
Dec 12, 2019 · In July 1955, Congress unanimously passed the Mental Health Study Act, which required NIMH to appoint a “joint commission” to Congress to plan and conduct a thorough …