Defects per million opportunities GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      In process improvement efforts, defects per million opportunities or DPMO (or nonconformities per million opportunities (NPMO)) is a measure of process performance. It is defined as





      DPMO

      =



      1
      ,
      000
      ,
      000
      ×


      number of defects






      number of units


      ×


      number of defects opportunities per unit







      {\displaystyle {\text{DPMO}}={\frac {1,000,000\times {\mbox{number of defects}}}{{\mbox{number of units}}\times {\mbox{number of defects opportunities per unit}}}}}


      A defect can be defined as a nonconformance of a quality characteristic (e.g. strength, width, response time) to its specification. DPMO is stated in opportunities per million units for convenience: processes that are considered highly capable (e.g., processes of Six Sigma quality) are those that experience fewer than 3.4 defects per million opportunities (or services provided).
      Note that DPMO differs from reporting defective parts per million (PPM) in that it comprehends the possibility that a unit under inspection may be found to have multiple defects of the same type or may have multiple types of defects. Identifying specific opportunities for defects (and therefore how to count and categorize defects) is an art, but generally organizations consider the following when defining the number of opportunities per unit:

      Knowledge of the process under study
      Industry standards
      When studying multiple types of defects, knowledge of the relative importance of each defect type in determining customer satisfaction
      The time, effort, and cost to count and categorize defects in process output


      Other measures


      Other measures of process performance include:

      Process capability indices such as Cpk
      Natural tolerance limit or sigma level
      PPM defective or defective parts per million
      Process performance indices such as Ppk
      Quality costs or cost of poor quality (COPQ)


      References




      Further reading

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    Steps For Calculating Defects Per Million Opportunities, 44% OFF

    Steps For Calculating Defects Per Million Opportunities, 44% OFF

    Steps For Calculating Defects Per Million Opportunities, 44% OFF

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    Steps For Calculating Defects Per Million Opportunities, 44% OFF

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    Defects per million opportunities. | Download Scientific Diagram

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    DEFECTS PER MILLION OPPORTUNITIES. | Download Table

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