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      Dougla people (plural Douglas) are Caribbean people who are of mixed African and South Asian descent. The word Dougla (also Dugla or Dogla) is used throughout the Dutch and English-speaking Caribbean. Afro-Indo people may also be another term used to describe them.


      Definition


      The word Dougla originated from dogala (दोगला), which is a Caribbean Hindustani word that literally means "two-necks" and may mean "many", "much" or "a mix". Its etymological roots are cognate with the Hindi "do" meaning "two" and "gala", which means "throat". Within the West Indies context, the word is used only for one type of mixed race people: Afro-Indians.
      The 2012 Guyana census identified 29.25% of the population as Afro-Guyanese, 39.83% as Indo-Guyanese, and 19.88% as "mixed," recognized as mostly representing the offspring of the former two groups.
      In the French West Indies (Guadeloupe, Martinique), the few Afro-Indian people used to be referred to as Batazendyen or Chapé-Kouli, while in Haiti they were called Marabou.


      History


      There are sporadic records of Indo-Euro interracial relationships, both consensual and nonconsensual, before any ethnic mixing of the African and Indian variety.
      Other Indo-based types of mixed heritage (Indo-Chinese (Chindians), Indo-Latino/Hispanic (Tegli), Indo-English (Anglo-Indians), Indo-Portuguese (Luso-Indians), Indo-Irish (Irish Indians), Indo-Scottish (Scottish-Indians), Indo-Dutch, Indo-Arabs and Indo-Amerindian) tended to identify as one of the older, unmixed ethnic strains on the island: Afro, Indo, Amerindian or Euro or passing as one of them.


      In Trinidad culture


      In 1961, the calypsonian musician Mighty Dougla (born Cletus Ali) described the predicament of Douglas:


      Notable Douglas


      Cletus Ali, Trinidadian musician, better known as Mighty Dougla
      Tatyana Ali, Indo-Trinidadian/Afro-Panamanian American actress
      Esther Anderson, actress (United Kingdom; born in Jamaica)
      Nicole Beharie, actress
      Johnson Beharry, Grenadian British soldier in the British Army
      Melissa Bell, Jamaican-British singer and mother of Alexandra Burke
      Katharine Birbalsingh, teacher and education reformer
      Foxy Brown, rapper (United States; Trinidadian and Tobagonian background)
      Alexandra Burke, British-Jamaican singer and daughter of Melissa Bell
      Super Cat, Jamaican deejay
      Joseph Charles (born Serjad Makmadeen), founder of the Solo Beverage Company
      Tanya Chutkan, jurist and lawyer
      Sabrina Colie, actress (United States; born in Jamaica)
      Mervyn Dymally, Trinidadian-American politician
      Special Ed, rapper (United States; Jamaican background)
      Indira Etwaroo, stage producer and director
      Melanie Fiona, Canadian singer
      Marlene Malahoo Forte, politician (Jamaica)
      Amy Ashwood Garvey, activist (Jamaica)
      Masaba Gupta, actress and fashion designer (Antiguan and Indian)
      Lisa Hanna, Miss World 1993, MP for Saint Ann South Eastern
      Kamala Harris, Vice-President of the United States (Jamaican and Indian)
      Maya Harris, lawyer and writer (Jamaican and Indian)
      Lester Holt, U.S. news anchor and journalist
      Kenny J, calypsonian
      Diana King, singer (United States; born in Jamaica)
      Jeffery Kissoon, actor
      Vashtie Kola, music-video director
      Sonnet L'Abbé, Guyanese Canadian poet
      Darryl Lachman, footballer (Netherlands; Curaçaoan and Surinamese background)
      Rajendra Ramoon Maharaj, playwright
      Sir Trevor McDonald, Trinidadian British news anchor and journalist
      Nicki Minaj, singer, rapper (United States; born in Trinidad and Tobago)
      Nicole Narain, model and actress
      Rajee Narinesingh, LGBT activist (United States; Trinidadian and Tobagonian background)
      Furdjel Narsingh, footballer (Netherlands; Surinamese background)
      Luciano Narsingh, footballer (Netherlands; Surinamese background)
      Roxanne Persaud, politician (United States; born in Guyana)
      Thara Prashad, American singer and model
      Prince Rajcomar, footballer (Netherlands; Curaçaoan and Surinamese background)
      Mary Rambaran-Olm, literary scholar specializing in early medieval England from the fifth to eleventh centuries
      Gema Ramkeesoon, social worker and women's-rights activist (Trinidad and Tobago)
      Andre Rampersad, Trinidadian footballer
      Nick Sagar, British actor and model
      Sean Sagar, British actor and model
      Kenneth Salick, chutney soca singer
      Krishmar Santokie, cricketer
      Edward Seaga, banker, businessman, politician and former
      Abrahim Simmonds, youth advocate (Jamaica)
      Toni-Ann Singh, Miss World 2019 (Jamaica)
      Justine Skye, entertainer (Jamaica)
      XXXTentacion, rapper
      Joyce Vincent, British woman whose death went unnoticed for over two years (Grenadian of black and Indian ancestry)


      See also



      Indo-African (disambiguation)
      Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian
      Marabou (ethnicity)


      References




      Further reading


      Barratt, Sue A, and Aleah N. Ranjitsingh. Dougla in the Twenty-First Century: Adding to the Mix. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2021. ISBN 9781496833709. See also CUNY Asian and Asian American Research Institute author interview on 19 November 2021.

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    Dougla - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

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