fila brasileiro

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      The Fila Brasileiro (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfilɐ bɾaziˈlejɾu]) is a Brazilian breed of large working dog of mastiff type.
      It is used as a guard dog, for cattle herding and for big-game hunting; it may also be kept as a companion dog or pet. In the eighteenth century, when slavery was still legal in Brazil, the Fila Brasileiro was used to return escaped slaves to their owners.


      Etymology


      The verb "filar" in Portuguese literally means "to hold, arrest, grab". So "cão de fila" (fila dog) or "cão de filar" suggests that it is a catch dog, a dog that "bites and does not loosen its grip". A similar name is also found in two Portuguese dog breeds: the Cão de Fila de São Miguel and the extinct Cão de Fila da Terceira.


      History



      The Fila Brasileiro is thought to descend from European dogs brought to Brazil during the Colonial period, with little or no influence from indigenous South American dogs from the Pre-Cabraline era.
      The Fila Brasileiro were bred and raised primarily on large plantations and cattle farms where they originated. In addition to cattle, jaguars, and other animals, these dogs were taught to chase down fugitive slaves.
      The first written standard of the breed was edited in 1946. The Paulistas were responsible for organizing a planned breeding program and opening a stud book to register dogs. Dr. Paulo Santos Cruz began to systematically breed the Fila Brasileiro and also contributed to setting the CAFIB standard.


      Appearance



      In Brazil the breed has two main standards imposed by two distinct clubs, the Confederação Brasileira de Cinofilia, affiliated to FCI, and the Clube de Aprimoramento do Fila Brasileiro. The CAFIB standard was constructed based on the ancient phenotype of the breed. But the current CBKC/FCI standard is the best known internationally.
      The Fila Brasileiro is a breed of mastiff with large bones and loose skin. According to the international breed standard, dogs should stand between 65 and 75 cm (26 and 30 in) at the withers and weigh no less than 50 kg (110 lb); bitches are slightly smaller, standing some 60–70 cm (24–28 in) and weighing at least 40 kg (88 lb). They have a rectangular build and though they are massive, their natural agility is apparent. The head is big and heavy with a deep muzzle. The ears are large, thick, tapered and either droop or fold back exposing the interior, depending on the dog's mood. The neck and back are well muscled and the chest is broad and deep. Unlike the vast majority of canines, the croup is higher than the withers. The legs are heavily boned. The skin is very distinctive of the breed, as it is thick and loose all over the body, mainly in the region around the neck. The thick skin forms pronounced dewlaps. In many individuals, the dewlaps proceed to the chest and abdomen. Some dogs show a fold at the side of the head and also at the withers descending to the shoulders. The coat is short and dense and the texture is normally smooth and soft. Their colours vary from solid, brindle, mouse-grey, patched, dappled, or black and tan. They are almost never white. Typical colours are fawn, black and brindle. Brindles of a basic color may have the stripes of either less or with very strong intensity. Sometimes a black mask is present.
      The coat of the Fila Brasileiro is smooth and short. Black, fawns (red, apricot, or dark), and brindled (fawn, black, or brown brindle) colors are permitted, except mouse-grey, black and tan, blue, dappled and solid white. White markings, not exceeding 1/4 of the coat surface area, are permitted on the feet, the chest and the tip of the tail in the FCI standard.
      The CAFIB standard does not accept black, mouse-grey, black and tan, blue, or dappled coats, as it considers them as a sign of crossbreeding; on the other hand, it accepts dogs with large white markings on any part of the body.


      Standards


      In Brazil, the Fila Brasileiro can be bred within three different standards proposed by three separate clubs. The standard imposed by the CBKC (a club affiliated to the FCI) is the most popular in the world, but it is by far the most distant from the appearance of the old dogs of four decades ago.
      The other two standards are from CAFIB (Fila Brasileiro's Enhancement Club) and AMFIBRA (World Association of Dog Breeders of Fila Brasileiro), respectively. Both are based on the first breed standard elaborated by Paulo Santos Cruz, the man who is considered the "father of the breed". However, the CAFIB standard is the most popular of the two. But both clubs (CAFIB and AMFIBRA) present themselves with the aim to preserve the pure Fila with the closest appearance of the old dogs.
      This big difference between the three standards is mainly due to an accusation of a scandal of crossbreeding at the dogs registered by the CBKC in the 70's, 80's and 90's and, consequently, the many changes made in the CBKC standard probable to include dogs with characteristics of foreign breeds, such as the English Mastiff, Great Dane and Neapolitan Mastiff.
      Paulo Santos Cruz himself, who even participated in the formation of the CAFIB for these same reasons and even presided over the club, published an article in 1979 explaining how to differentiate a pure Fila from a mixed one.


      Legal status



      In Fiji, the United Kingdom, Norway, Australia, Hong Kong and Cyprus, it is illegal to own any of these dogs without specific exemption from a court. In Turkey, it is illegal to own and breed a Fila Brasileiro. It is automatically classified as a dangerous dog in Trinidad and Tobago, meaning they cannot be imported and males must be neutered.


      References

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    Fila Brasileiro - Wikipedia

    The Fila Brasileiro (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfilɐ bɾaziˈlejɾu]) is a Brazilian breed of large working dog of mastiff type. [1] It is used as a guard dog, for cattle herding and for big-game hunting; it may also be kept as a companion dog or pet. [1]

    Fila Brasileiro (Brazilian Mastiff): Characteristics & Care

    Mar 17, 2022 · The Fila Brasileiro (Brazilian Mastiff) is a rare, giant guard dog breed from Brazil with a muscular stature, distinctive thick and loose skin, powerful jaws, and an unusual topline profile along its back.

    Fila Brasileiro (Brazilian Mastiff) Breed: Info, Pictures ... - Dogster

    Jan 7, 2025 · The Fila Brasileiro, or Brazilian Mastiff, is a dog breed that’s native to Brazil. This dog has been living alongside humans for centuries and was originally bred to be guard dogs over...

    Fila Brasileiro Breed Profile: Things to Know Before Adopting

    With a big, blocky head and an even bigger heart, the Fila Brasileiro, who is often referred to as the “Brazilian Mastiff,” can seem intimidating, but beneath that muscular exterior lies a sweet pooch ready to be your friend for life.

    Fila Brasileiro - Harakhan Kennel Dogs

    Fila Brasileiro is known for its superb tracking ability, intelligence and loyalty. Fila exhibits a distrust to people she doesn’t know i.e. doesn’t like being touched by the strangers. This genetic disposition is called ojeriza in Brazil.

    Fila Brasileiro - Price, Temperament, Life span - Dogbreedslist.info

    The Fila Brasileiro also known as the Brazilian Mastiff is a large working breed of dog developed in Brazil. Origin: Brazil. Life span: 9-11 years. Hypoallergenic: No.

    Fila Brasileiro Dog Breed Information - Continental Kennel Club

    Well-socialized and well-trained, the Fila Brasileiro can be a joy to be around. They are quiet, confident, and loyal. However, they will quickly address any perceived “infractions” from those outside the family with a bite-now-question-later attitude.

    Explore the Fila Brasileiro | Zoetis Petcare

    The Fila Brasileiro is a natural protector — a courageous, powerful, and loving companion. Our breed profiles offer a general baseline of traits and health, but they don't replace specific veterinary guidance. Each dog's traits and behavior vary based on training, socialization, and healthcare. Do you want to download a full breed profile?

    The Fila Brasileiro - The Fila Brasileiro

    The Fila Brasileiro is the National dog of Brazil, its legendary loyalty expressed in a Brazilian saying: “Faithful as a Fila”. This is a rare breed that had its origins in Brazil starting around 400 years ago, possibly from bloodhounds, Portuguese herding dogs and livestock guardians, mastiffs and ancient bulldogs.

    The Fila Brasileiro Care Plan: Nutrition, Exercise, and Training Tips

    Jan 28, 2025 · The Fila Brasileiro is a strong-willed breed with a protective nature, making early and consistent training essential. Known for their loyalty and courage, they are naturally wary of strangers, which can turn into aggression without proper guidance.