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      Giovanni Fontana, also known as Johannes de Fontana (c. 1395 – c. 1455), was a fifteenth-century Italian physician and engineer. He was born in Venice in the 1390s and attended the University of Padua, where he received his degree in arts in 1418 and his degree in medicine in 1421. University records list him as "Master John, son of Michael de la Fontana". His most famous promoter at the university was the scholastic Paul of Venice. He tells us that the Doge of Venice sent him to Brescia to deliver a message to the condottiere Francesco Carmagnola. He was also employed as the municipal physician by the city of Udine.


      Works



      Fontana composed treatises on a diverse array of topics, including measurement of heights or depths by falling stones. We have early works of his on water-clocks (with wheels), sand-clocks and measurement. Fontana studied trigonometric measurements, mentioned in De trigono balistario, and through his own designed instrument, also explained in a larger treatise, however, apparently lost. He wrote a treatise on perspective, and showed it to the painter Jacopo Bellini. Grafton notes "Modern scholars often note that early engineers did not supply formal working drawings of their devices, but represented them in real time, functioning, in a way that did not give away their secrets but could appeal to patrons. Fontana, however, makes a superb exception to this rule. ... He drew not only male and female devils inspiring terror in real time by their fearsome appendages, but also the underlying mechanisms, which he laid out with the abstracting brilliance of a fifteenth-century Giacometti or Max Ernst. ... Fontana insisted that he was no magus. When witnesses at Padua exclaimed that a torpedo he had designed must run by diabolic power, he refuted them with contempt: the device was purely mechanical, as befitted a maker who was also a master of both medieval Archimedean statics and optics and of Renaissance engineering craft."


      = Bellicorum instrumentorum liber

      =
      Fontana composed one of the earliest Renaissance technological treatises, Bellicorum instrumentorum liber. His machine book contains siege engines and fantastic inventions such as a magic lantern and a rocket-propelled bird, fish, and rabbit. Fontana also built a 4-wheeled "bike" with rope connected by gears.
      Sparavigna 2013 notes, "He illustrates the designs of musical instruments such as mechanical organs (Puerilia) and masks, keys and locks, warships, double mirrors, stoves and surgical instruments. The code contains a part dedicated to hydraulic projects, public fountains, systems of water distribution, experiments with siphons, and also alembics and alchemical vessels for two or more liquids. According to [10,6], this manuscript shows that Fontana aimed to investigate a series of devices from ancient books of mathematicians and naturalists such as Archimedes, Heron, Philo, and even Ovid and Pliny the Elder, and the Arab writers, mainly from Al-Kindi, to his contemporary artists and craftsmen."


      = Secretum de thesauro experimentorum ymaginationis hominum

      =
      In the book Secretum de thesauro experimentorum ymaginationis hominum (Secret of the treasure-room of experiments in man's imagination), written ca. 1430, Fontana described mnemonic machines, written in his cypher. At least Bellicorum instrumentorum liber and this book used a cryptographic system, described as a simple, rational cipher, based on signs without letters or numbers. It has been suggested that some illustrations slightly resemble Voynich illustrations. During this time he also met with the Count of Carmagnola.


      See also


      Johannes Trithemius


      References




      External links


      Bellicorum instrumentorum liber at the Bavarian State Library.
      Illustrations of Bellicorum instrumentorum liber at the Bavarian State Library
      Complete scans of Secretum de Thesauro BNF NAL 635

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    Giovanni Fontana (engineer) - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia

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    Giovanni Fontana (engineer) | Wikipedia audio article - YouTube

    Giovanni Fontana (engineer) | Wikipedia audio article - YouTube

    Medieval Lives 8: Giovanni Fontana — Human Circus

    Medieval Lives 8: Giovanni Fontana — Human Circus

    Medieval Lives 8: Giovanni Fontana — Human Circus

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    (PDF) Giovanni de la Fontana, engineer and magician

    (PDF) Giovanni de la Fontana, engineer and magician

    Medieval Lives 8: Giovanni Fontana — Human Circus

    Medieval Lives 8: Giovanni Fontana — Human Circus

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    Giovanni Fontana – Biography, History and Inventions

    More than half a century before the extraordinary machine drawings of Leonardo da Vinci, the first technology manuscript of the Italian Renaissance was …

    Giovanni Fontana (engineer) - Wikiwand

    Giovanni Fontana, also known as Johannes de Fontana (c. 1395 – c. 1455), was a fifteenth-century Italian physician and engineer. He was born in Venice in the 1390s and attended the …

    Giovanni Fontana (engineer) | Wikipedia audio article - YouTube

    This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Fontana_(engineer)00:00:50 1 Works00:02:22 …

    Giovanni Fontana - Wikipedia

    Giovanni Fontana may refer to: Giovanni Fontana (engineer) (c. 1395–c. 1455), Venetian physician and engineer who portrayed himself as a magus; Giovanni Fontana (architect) …

    About: Giovanni Fontana (engineer) - DBpedia Association

    Giovanni Fontana, also known as Johannes de Fontana (ca. 1395 – ca. 1455) was a fifteenth-century Italian physician and engineer. He was born in Venice in the 1390s and attended the …

    Medieval Lives 8: Giovanni Fontana — Human Circus

    May 1, 2024 · Giovanni Fontana was a 15th-century Italian engineer and inventor. His designs included everything from systems for retrieving sunken ships and automating the defence of fortifications to measuring time and producing music.

    [1304.4588] Giovanni de la Fontana, engineer and magician

    Apr 16, 2013 · Abstract: Giovanni de la Fontana was a man of the Italian Renaissance of the early fifteenth-century. Besides becoming a doctor of medicine, he was an engineer who used his …

    "Bellicorum instrumentorum liber," One of the Earliest …

    2 days ago · The Bellicorum instrumentorum liber, cum figuris et fictitys litoris conscriptus (BSB Cod.icon. 242) written and drawn by the Italian engineer, self-styled magus, and physician to the Venetian army in Brescia, Giovanni …