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      • The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is a detailed hierarchical classification of all headache-related disorders published by the International Headache Society. It is considered the official classification of headaches by the World Health Organization, and, in 1992, was incorporated into the 10th edition of their International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Each class of headache contains explicit diagnostic criteria—meaning that the criteria include quantities rather than vague terms like several or usually—that are based on clinical and laboratory observations.
      The ICHD was first published in 1988 (now known as the ICHD-1). A second version, the ICHD-2, was published in 2004. The most current version, ICHD-3, was published in 2018.


      Hierarchy




      = Primary headaches

      =


      ICHD 1, ICD10 G43: Migraine



      Migraine without aura
      Migraine with aura
      Childhood periodic syndromes that are commonly precursors of migraine
      Retinal migraine
      Complications of migraine
      Migraine-triggered seizure
      Probable migraine


      ICHD 2, ICD10 G44.2: Tension-type headache (TTH)


      Infrequent episodic tension-type headache
      Frequent episodic tension-type headache
      Chronic tension-type headache
      Probable tension-type headache


      ICHD 3, ICD10 G44.0: Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias


      Cluster headache
      Paroxysmal hemicrania
      Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)
      Probable trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia


      ICHD 4, ICD10 G44.80: Other primary headaches


      Primary stabbing headache
      Primary cough headache
      Primary exertional headache
      Primary headache associated with sexual activity
      Hypnic headache
      Primary thunderclap headache
      Hemicrania continua
      New daily persistent headache (NDPH)


      = Secondary headaches

      =


      ICHD 5, ICD10 G44.88: Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma


      Acute post-traumatic headache
      Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury
      Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury
      Chronic post-traumatic headache
      Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury
      Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury
      Acute headache attributed to whiplash injury
      Chronic headache attributed to whiplash injury
      Headache attributed to traumatic intracranial haematoma
      Headache attributed to epidural haematoma
      Headache attributed to subdural haematoma
      Headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
      Acute headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
      Chronic headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
      Post-craniotomy headache
      Acute post-craniotomy headache
      Chronic post-craniotomy headache


      ICHD 6, ICD10 G44.81: Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder


      Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack
      Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke (cerebral infarction)
      Headache attributed to transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
      Headache attributed to non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage
      Headache attributed to intracerebral haemorrhage
      Headache attributed to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
      Headache attributed to unruptured vascular malformation
      Headache attributed to saccular aneurysm
      Headache attributed to arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
      Headache attributed to dural arteriovenous fistula
      Headache attributed to cavernous angioma
      Headache attributed to encephalotrigeminal or leptomeningeal angiomatosis (Sturge Weber syndrome)
      Headache attributed to arteritis
      Headache attributed to giant cell arteritis (GCA)
      Headache attributed to primary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis
      Headache attributed to secondary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis
      Carotid or vertebral artery pain
      Headache or facial or neck pain attributed to arterial dissection
      Post-endarterectomy headache
      Carotid angioplasty headache
      Headache attributed to intracranial endovascular procedures
      Angiography headache
      Headache attributed to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)
      Headache attributed to other intracranial vascular disorder
      CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)
      MELAS (eitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes)
      Headache attributed to benign angiopathy of the central nervous system
      Headache attributed to pituitary apoplexy


      ICHD 7, ICD10 G44.82: Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder


      Headache attributed to high cerebrospinal fluid pressure
      Headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)
      Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to metabolic, toxic or hormonal causes
      Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to hydrocephalus
      Headache attributed to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure
      Post-dural puncture headache
      CSF fistula headache
      Headache attributed to spontaneous (or idiopathic) low CSF pressure
      Headache attributed to non-infectious inflammatory disease
      Headache attributed to neurosarcoidosis
      Headache attributed to aseptic (non-infectious) meningitis
      Headache attributed to other non-infectious inflammatory disease
      Headache attributed to lymphocytic hypophysitis
      Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasm
      Headache attributed to increased intracranial pressure or hydrocephalus caused by neoplasm
      Headache attributed directly to neoplasm
      Headache attributed to carcinomatous meningitis
      Headache attributed to hypothalamic or pituitary hyper- or hyposecretion
      Headache attributed to intrathecal injection
      Headache attributed to epileptic seizure
      Hemicrania epileptica
      Post-seizure headache
      Headache attributed to Chiari malformation type I (CM1)
      Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid
      lymphocytosis (HaNDL)
      Headache attributed to other non-vascular intracranial disorder


      ICHD 8, ICD10 G44.4 or G44.83: Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal


      Headache induced by acute substance use or exposure
      Nitric oxide (NO) donor-induced headache
      Immediate NO donor-induced headache
      Delayed NO donor-headache
      Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor-induced headache
      Carbon monoxide-induced headache
      Alcohol-induced headache.
      Immediate alcohol-induced headache
      Delayed alcohol-induced headache
      Headache induced by food components and additives
      Monosodium glutamate-induced headache
      Cocaine-induced headache
      Cannabis-induced headache
      Histamine-induced headache
      Immediate histamine-induced headache
      Delayed histamine-induced headache
      Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced headache
      Immediate CGRP-induced headache
      Delayed CGRP-induced headache
      Headache as an acute adverse event attributed to medication used for other indications
      Headache attributed to other acute substance use or exposure
      Medication-overuse headache (MOH)
      Ergotamine-overuse headache
      Triptan-overuse headache
      Analgesic-overuse headache
      Opioid-overuse headache
      Combination analgesic-overuse headache
      Medication-overuse headache attributed to combination of acute medications
      Headache attributed to other medication overuse
      Probable medication-overuse headache
      Headache as an adverse event attributed to chronic medication
      Exogenous hormone-induced headache
      Headache attributed to substance withdrawal
      caffeine-withdrawal headache
      opioid-withdrawal headache
      Oestrogen-withdrawal headache
      Headache attributed to withdrawal from chronic use of other substances


      ICHD 9, ICD10 G44.821 or G44.881: Headache attributed to infection


      Headache attributed to intracranial infection
      Headache attributed to bacterial meningitis
      Headache attributed to lymphocytic meningitis
      Headache attributed to encephalitis
      Headache attributed to brain abscess
      Headache attributed to subdural empyema
      Headache attributed to systemic infection
      Headache attributed to systemic bacterial infection
      Headache attributed to systemic viral infection
      Headache attributed to other systemic infection
      Headache attributed to HIV/AIDS
      Chronic post-infection headache
      Chronic post-bacterial meningitis headache


      ICHD 10, ICD10 G44.882: Headache attributed to disorder of homeostasis


      Headache attributed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia
      High-altitude headache
      Diving headache
      Sleep apnoea headache
      Dialysis headache
      Headache attributed to arterial hypertension
      Headache attributed to phaeochromocytoma
      Headache attributed to hypertensive crisis without hypertensive encephalopathy
      Headache attributed to hypertensive encephalopathy
      Headache attributed to pre-eclampsia
      Headache attributed to eclampsia
      Headache attributed to acute pressor response to an exogenous agent
      Headache attributed to hypothyroidism
      Headache attributed to fasting
      Cardiac cephalalgia
      Headache attributed to other disorder of homoeostasis


      ICHD 11, ICD10 G44.84: Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cranial structures


      Headache attributed to disorder of cranial bone
      Headache attributed to disorder of neck
      Cervicogenic headache
      Headache attributed to retropharyngeal tendonitis
      Headache attributed to craniocervical dystonia
      Headache attributed to disorder of eyes
      Headache attributed to acute glaucoma
      Headache attributed to refractive errors
      Headache attributed to heterophoria or heterotropia (latent or manifest squint)
      Headache attributed to ocular inflammatory disorder
      Headache attributed to disorder of ears
      Headache attributed to rhinosinusitis
      Headache attributed to disorder of teeth, jaws or related structures
      Headache or facial pain attributed to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder
      Headache attributed to other disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses,
      teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structures


      ICHD 12, ICD10 R51: Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder


      Headache attributed to somatization disorder
      Headache attributed to psychotic disorder


      = Cranial neuralgias, central and primary facial pain and other headaches

      =


      ICHD 13, ICD10 G44.847, G44.848, or G44.85: Cranial neuralgias and central causes of facial pain


      ICHD 13.1, ICD10 G44.847: Trigeminal neuralgia
      Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
      Nervus intermedius neuralgia
      Superior laryngeal neuralgia
      Nasociliary neuralgia
      Supraorbital neuralgia
      Other terminal branch neuralgias
      Occipital neuralgia
      Neck-tongue syndrome
      External compression headache
      Cold-stimulus headache
      Constant pain caused by compression, irritation or distortion of cranial nerves or upper cervical roots by structural lesions
      Optic neuritis
      Ocular diabetic neuropathy
      Head or facial pain attributed to herpes zoster
      Head or facial pain attributed to acute herpes zoster
      Post-herpetic neuralgia
      Tolosa–Hunt syndrome
      Opthalamoplegic migraine
      Central causes of facial pain
      Anaesthesia dolorosa
      Central post-stroke pain
      Facial pain attributable to multiple sclerosis
      Persistent idiopathic facial pain (the IHS's preferred term for atypical facial pain)
      Burning mouth syndrome
      Other cranial neuralgia or other centrally mediated facial pain


      ICHD 14, ICD10 R51: Other headache, cranial neuralgia, central or primary facial pain


      Headache not elsewhere classified
      Headache unspecified


      References

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