- List of cities with defensive walls
- List of walls
- Defensive wall
- List of fortifications
- Walls of Dubrovnik
- Walls of Ston
- Closed city
- Sanctuary city
- Old City of Jerusalem
- Ancient Roman defensive walls
Spotlight (2015)
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Tom McCarthy
List of cities with defensive walls GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
The following cities have, or historically had, defensive walls.
Africa
= Algeria
=Algiers
Ghardaïa
Timimoun
= Egypt
=Al-Fustat
Cairo
Damietta
See List of Egypt castles, forts, fortifications and city walls.
= Ethiopia
=Harar
= Libya
=Apollonia
Benghazi
Cyrene
Derna
Germa
Ghadames
Ghat
Jaghbub
Kabaw
Murzuq
Nalut
Sokna
Tolmeita
Tripoli
Waddan
= Mali
=Djenné
Gao
Timbuktu
= Morocco
=Agadir
Aït Benhaddou
Asilah
Azemmour
Casablanca
Chefchaouen
Eljadida
Essaouira
Fes
Ksar el-Kebir
Ksar es-Seghir
Larache
Marrakech
Meknes
Moulay Abdallah
Moulay Idriss
Ouarzazate
Oujda
Rabat
Safi
Salé
Sefrou
Tangier
Taroudannt – best preserved in Morocco
Taza
Tétouan
Tiznit
= Niger
=Zinder, Niger was well known for its city wall, the remains of which can still be seen
= Nigeria
=Benin City
Kano
Keffi
= Tunisia
=Bizerte
Hammamet
Kairouan
Monastir
Sfax
Sousse
Tozeur
Tunis
Americas
= Canada
== Chile
=Valdivia
= Colombia
=Cartagena
= Cuba
=Havana
= Dominican Republic
=Santo Domingo was a fortified city from the 16th to the early 20th centuries. Parts of the wall are still visible in the Colonial Zone. One of the main gates is very well preserved and centuries ago was named "The Gate of the Count" after the Count of Peñalba, who stopped the invasion of William Penn and Robert Venables during the Siege of Santo Domingo.
= Mexico
=Campeche - majority of the walls around the old town survive
Mayapan (Maya ruins)
Mérida, Yucatán (mostly demolished in the late 19th century, but some segments and arched gateways remain)
Mexico City
Tulum (Maya ruins)
Veracruz (walls demolished in the 19th century, but a bastion remains)
= Panama
=Old Quarter of Panama City (a portion of the Wall still exists)
= Peru
=Lima
Trujillo
= Puerto Rico
=Old San Juan- The historical district of Old San Juan covers the entire area of the walled city of San Juan Bautista, also known as La Llave de las Indias (The Key to the Indies), Puerto Rico’s colonial capital. The district includes Castillo San Felipe del Morro, Castillo San Cristóbal, La Fortaleza, El Cañuelo and other fortresses part of the Walls of Old San Juan, which still encircle seventy-five percent of the colonial city.
= United States
=Boston, Massachusetts, maintained a defensive city wall and gate across Boston Neck, the sole point where the city was connected with the mainland, from 1631 until the end of the 18th century.
Charleston, South Carolina was a walled city from the 1690s until the 1720s. A portion of the wall, called Half Moon Battery, is still visible in the Provost Dungeon of the Old Exchange Building.
St. Augustine, Florida, starting in 1704, the Spanish constructed the Cubo Line – attached to the Castillo de San Marcos and enclosing the city. 18th century maps detail the walls enclosing all of St. Augustine
New Orleans, Louisiana, planned in 1718 as a walled city. The wall was present during the Battle of New Orleans, but was found to be in such a state of disarray that it could not be used.
New York City, in the 17th century New Amsterdam had a defensive wall across Manhattan. Wall Street is named for the barrier.
= Uruguay
=Montevideo
Colonia del Sacramento
Asia
= Afghanistan
=Balkh, the ancient city
= China
=Beijing, see City Wall of Beijing. Many parts of the walls of Beijing were demolished during the 1960s to open large streets around the city. A metro line also follows the location of the former city walls.
Xiangyang
Guangzhou
Dali
Shangqiu
Jianshui
Zhangjiakou, see Wanquan District
Zhaoqing
Guangfu Ancient City
Xingcheng
Liaocheng
Kaifeng
Qiansuo in Huludao
Datong
Daming County
Yongtai Fortress
Jingzhou
Kowloon Walled City, a former enclave of Hong Kong
Nanjing, see City Wall of Nanjing
Linhai
Qufu
Taiyuan, see Jinyuan District
Pingyao
Shanghai (Old City (Shanghai)) – largely destroyed in 1912, only fragments survive
Songpan
Xi'an – The city of Xi'an has well-preserved walls with a water filled moat that is a tourist attraction incorporating small parks surrounding a busy and modern area of the city.
Zhengding
Yuanzhou District in Guyuan
Walled villages can still be found in Mainland China and Hong Kong.
= India
=Agra
Ahmedabad
Amravati
Amritsar
Datia
Delhi
Hyderabad
Jaipur
Jaisalmer
Jodhpur
Lucknow
Mumbai (old city of Bombay)
Raigad
Udaipur
Warangal
Chennai
Mhow
Badami
Aihole
Kanchipuram
Madurai
Belur
Halebidu
Tiruvannamalai
Srirangapatnam
Kolhapur
Surat
Baroda
Surat
Indore
Gwalior
Gauda
Murshidabad
Karnasubarna
Nabadwip
Tamralipti
Bhubaneshwar
Puri
Khajuraho
Varanasi
Jhansi
Faizabad
Gaya
Patliputra
Kangra
Charaideo
Jammu
Ludhiana
Patiala
Sirhind
Champawat
Pithoragarh
Bilaspur
Shimla
= Indonesia
=Bogor
Pakuan Pajajaran, the capital of the Sunda Kingdom, was surrounded by defensive moats and walls. Now the area is part of the modern city of Bogor.
Jogjakarta
An 18th century wall made by Hamengkubuwono the 1st from the Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Kingdom to protect the inner capital city from the Dutch and other enemies during the Mataram Kingdom period. Today, 96% of the wall still exists and is a local landmark.
Surakarta
On 17 February 1745, the Surakarta Kingdom moved to a new opened forest named Sala Village and build their Royal Residential Palace and urban area with a 15 kilometers long of "Beteng Kraton" or Palace wall around it. As of 2022, 90% of the city walls still remain.
Surosowan
Well known as Banten Kingdom's capital. The wall was destroyed by the Dutch during its colonial period in the way to ended the Banten reign. The city wall that left is only about 10% from the real appearance.
Trowulan
Trowulan was the capital of the former Majapahit Empire. When its glory period, the capital being a first European systemized ancient city (with city canal system for transportation and also large aisle and road for major transportation) in Indonesia, because Trowulan was developed in Majapahit's glory period in 13th–15th century.
The wall was protecting the inner "Kraton" or royal palace and some important places. Today the wall can't be seen as the original appearance.
= Iran
=Bam
Isfahan
Shiraz
Tabriz
Yazd
= Iraq
=Babylon
Baghdad
Basra
Arbil (central city, fully intact)
= Israel
=Acre – 18th-century modern Ottoman fortification able to withstand cannon attack. The wall has been restored and now includes a rampart for tourists.
Jaffa
Jerusalem
Safed
Tiberias
= Lebanon
=Baalbek: sections of the Arab fortifications (built with stones from Roman structures) can still be seen around the Acropolis and the old town
Batroun: the town is known for its 225 m long Phoenician seawall. There was also a 9th-century BC citadel, parts of which are still visible
Beirut: sections of the Phoenician and Roman fortifications and Ottoman citadel have been unearthed in the city's central district. The famous walls erected by Emir Fakhruddin II have yet to be recovered.
Byblos: the old town is surrounded by medieval walls, with a castle standing at their Southern edge
Sidon: little remains today of the city's medieval fortifications, except the Castle of St. Louis.
= Malaysia
=Malacca – Built by the Portuguese after the city's occupation in 1511, it was torn down by the British in 1806. Known locally as the A Famosa.
= Pakistan
=Almost every old city in Pakistan had a defensive wall. Much of these walls were destroyed by the British in order to refortify the cities. Few cities which were fortified are:
Hyderabad
Lahore
Multan
Peshawar
Shikarpur
hazro, district Attock
Quetta
Sialkot
Rawalpindi
Gujrat
Gujranwala
Bhera
Khudaabad
Bannu
Tulamba
Uch Sharif
Sehwan Sharif
Thatta
Karachi
Rohri
Mansura
Bela
= Palestine
=Ancient Jericho
Nablus
Tell es-Sakan
Jerusalem
= Philippines
=Cebu (see Fort San Pedro)
Manila (Intramuros) – partially preserved, partially restored after World War II. Original walls are still well preserved.
Olongapo ("Spanish Gate")
Ozamiz (Fuerte de la Concepción y del Triunfo)
Zamboanga (see Fort Pilar)
= South Korea
=Dongnae (now part of Busan) (See Dongnaeeupseong)
Seoul (See Fortress Wall of Seoul)
Suwon (See Hwaseong Fortress)
Gwangju, Gyeonggi (See Namhansanseong)
Goyang (See Bukhansanseong)
= Sri Lanka
=Galle (See Galle Fort.)
Matara (See Matara Fort.)
= Syria
=Aleppo
Damascus
Homs
= Taiwan
=Changhua
Chiayi
Fongshan (now part of Kaohsiung)
Hengchun (see Hengchun Old Town)
Hsinchu
Magong
Puli
Quemoy
Tainan
Taipei (see Walls of Taipei)
Zuoying (now part of Kaohsiung, see Old City of Zuoying)
Some other towns fortified with thorny bamboos in Qing era.
= Thailand
=Ayutthaya
Bangkok – See Fortifications of Bangkok
Chiang Mai was surrounded by a moat and city walls when it was established by King Mangrai the Great in 1296. They were extensively rebuilt in the early 19th century. Large parts of the city walls and city gates of Chiang Mai survived till the present.
Chiang Rai
Chiang Saen
Kamphaeng Phet
Lampang
Lamphun
Lopburi
Nakhon Ratchasima
Nakhon Si Thammarat
Nan, Thailand
Phichai
Phayao
Phimai
Phitsanulok
Phrae
Si Satchanalai
Songkhla
Sukhothai
Suphanburi
Thonburi
Wiang Kum Kam
= Uzbekistan
=Bukhara
Khiva
Samarkand
Shahrisabz
= Vietnam
=Cổ Loa
Hanoi
Huế
Bắc Ninh
Vinh
Thanh Hóa
Quảng Trị
Nam Định
Mạc citadel
Sơn Tây citadel
= Yemen
=Sana'a
Shibam
Europe
= Albania
=Berat
Butrint
Durrës
Elbasan – sizable remains of Roman walls
Krujë
Tepelenë
= Austria
=Allentsteig
Amstetten Not walled but ditched and banked with gate towers.
Bleiburg
Bludenz
Braunau am Inn
Bregenz
Bruck an der Leitha – partially preserved
Bruck an der Mur
Donnerskirchen.
Drosendorf
Dürnstein
Ebenfurth
Eferding
Eggenburg
Eisenstadt
Enns
Fehring
Feldkirch
Friedberg
Freistadt – almost completely preserved
Friesach
Frohnleiten
Fürstenfeld
Gmünd
Gmuend-in-Kaernten
Gmunden
Graz
Gross-Enzersdorf
Güssing
Hainburg an der Donau – almost completely preserved (2.5 km, 3 gates, 15 towers)
Hallein
Hall in Tirol – partially preserved
Hardegg
Hartberg
Haslach an der Muhl
Heidenreichstein
Herzogenburg
Horn
Judenburg
Kitzbuhel
Klagenfurt
Klosterneuburg
Knittelfeld
Korneuburg
Krems
Kufstein
Laa an der Thaya
Leoben
Leonfelden
Leoben
Lienz
Linz
Litschau
Maissau
Marchegg – some segments preserved
Mautern – remains of the Roman fortress "Favianae" can be found at the western side of the old town.
Melk
Murau
Mürzzuschlag
Neumarkt am Wallersee
Neumarkt
Obdach
Oberwölz
Oggau am Neusiedler See
Ottensheim
Peuerbach
Pöchlarn
Purbach am Neusiedler See
Raabs an der Thaya
Radfeld
Radkersburg
Radstadt – almost completely preserved wall (13th- to 16th-century); 3 round towers (1530s); 1 gate
Rattenberg
Retz
Ried im Innkreis
Rottenmann
Rust
St Andrä
Sankt Veit an der Glan
St Pölten
Salzburg
Schärding
Scheibbs
Schladming
Schrattenthal
Schwanenstadt the settlement surrounded by a bank, surmounted by wooden palisade, with only a short length of wall adjacent to the ‘‘Stadtturm’’.
Stadtschlaining
Stainach
Stein
Straßburg
Steyr
Steyregg
Traismauer
Tulln an der Donau
Vienna – destroyed and became the Ringstraße
Villach
Vils
Vöcklabruck
Völkermarkt
Voitsberg
Waidhofen an der Thaya
Waidhofen an der Ybbs
Weitra
Wels
Wiener Neustadt
Wilhelmsburg
Wolfsberg
Ybbs an der Donau
Zeiselmauer. The Roman auxiliary fort was re-fortified by the Babenbergs in the 10th century, but never granted a market or charter.
Zistersdorf
Zwettl
= Azerbaijan
=Baku retains most of the city walls that separate the historic Inner City from the newer parts of the city developed after the 19th century.
Shaki
Shusha
= Belgium
== Bosnia and Herzegovina
== Bulgaria
=Hisarya – the old Roman town is still almost entirely surrounded by the well preserved ruins of its defensive walls.
Nessebar - fortified island city
Nicopolis ad Istrum roman town, Nikyup, Veliko Tarnovo
Nicopolis ad Nestum roman town, Garmen, Gotse Delchev, Blagoevgrad Province
Novae roman town, Svishtov
Pliska as first capital of Danubian Bulgaria
Plovdiv fortifications and walls – Eastern gate of Philippopolis, Hisar Kapia and Nebet Tepe
Preslav as capital of Bulgaria
Silistra
Sozopol
Sofia – established as walled city Ulpia Serdica by the Roman emperor Trajan
Varna
Veliko Turnovo – three fortified hills – Trapezitsa fortress, Tsarevets fortress and Sveta Gora make one city capital of Bulgaria
Vidin
= Croatia
== Cyprus
== Czech Republic
=Bechyně
Bělá pod Bezdězem
Benátky nad Jizerou
Beroun
Bochov
Bor
Brno
Broumov
Bruntál
Čáslav
Česká Lípa
České Budějovice
Český Brod
Český Dub
Český Krumlov
Cheb
Chrudim
Chyše
Dačice
Domažlice
Dvůr Králové nad Labem
Frýdlant
Fulnek
Havlíčkův Brod
Hlučín
Horažďovice
Horšovský Týn
Hostinné
Hradec Králové
Hranice
Jablonné v Podještědí
Jaroměř
Jevíčko
Jičín
Jihlava – Large parts of the town walls remain to the south, west and east side of the medieval town. Some fragments remain on the north side. The fortifications are also a good example of a Zwinger.
Jindřichův Hradec
Josefov
Kadaň
Klatovy
Kolín
Kostelec nad Labem
Kouřim
Krnov
Kutná Hora
Kroměříž
Lanškroun
Lipník nad Bečvou
Litomyšl
Litovel
Loket
Louny
Mělník
Mladá Boleslav
Mohelnice
Náchod
Nové Město nad Metují
Nový Bydžov
Nový Jičín
Nymburk
Odry
Olomouc
Opočno
Opava
Osoblaha
Ostrava
Ostrov
Pardubice
Písek
Planá
Plzeň
Plumlov
Polička – Close to 80% of Polička's town walls survive today, in an excellently preserved condition.
Prachatice
Prague
Hradčany
Malá Strana
New Town
Old Town
Vyšehrad
Přelouč
Přerov
Prostějov
Rabštejn nad Střelou
Rakovník
Rataje nad Sázavou
Rokycany
Rožmitál pod Třemšínem
Slaný
Soběslav
Sobotka
Stará Boleslav
Šternberk
Štramberk
Strážnice
Stříbro
Svitavy
Šumperk
Sušice
Tábor
Tachov
Teplá
Tovačov
Třeboň
Trutnov
Toužim
Uherský Brod
Uničov
Ústí nad Orlicí
Valtice
Velvary
Vidnava
Vodňany
Vraný
Vysoké Mýto
Zábřeh
Zákupy
Žatec
Žlutice
Znojmo – more than half of the walls are preserved, with large parts of the zwinger surviving.
= Denmark
=Fredericia, extensive renaissance ramparts to the north and west of the city and sea facing ramparts.
Copenhagen, extensive renaissance ramparts to the south and east, trace remains to the north and west, nice fort at the harbor mouth, three small island fortlets outside the harbor entrance.
Nyborg – the remains include three preserved bastions, a town gate and the old town is still mostly surrounded by a moat indicating the locations of the other (now demolished) bastions.
Stege, One of the town gates, the Mølleporten, still remains. Most of the earthwork rampart and dry ditch surrounding the town center still remain.
= Estonia
=Pärnu, a rampart with two bastions, a moat and a town gate remain to the west of the old town. It is now transformed into a park, the Valli Park.
Tallinn (and Toompea), see Tallinn City Walls, most of the wall and towers remains
Tartu, very few sections remained
Narva, see Narva Bastions, nine bastions and the castle, with Hermann Castle and Victoria Bastion completely restored
= Finland
=Hamina Surrounded by about 4–5 km long star-shaped walled fortification
Lappeenranta The old center of the town is located inside a fortress
Loviisa It was planned to build a full fortress around the town, but only two bastions were complete
Suomenlinna An inhabited sea fortress off the coast of Helsinki
= France
=Acquigny
Agde
Aigues-Mortes
Ainay-le-Château
Aire-sur-la-Lys
Aix-en-Provence
Alençon, Orne
Amance, Haute-Saône
Amboise, Indre-et-Loire
Ammerschwihr
Angers, Maine-et-Loire
Angoulême
Antibes
Apt
Ardres
Arles
Arras
Aubigny-sur-Nère
Auch
Autun
Auvet-et-la-Chapelotte
Avallon
Avesnes-sur-Helpe
Avignon
Avranches
Ayherre
Bâgé-le-Châtel
Bargème
Baux-de-Provence
Bavay
Bayonne
Bazas
Beaugency
Beaune
Beauvais
Béguios
Bellême
Bergheim, Haut-Rhin
Bergues
Besançon
Blois, Loir-et-Cher
Bœrsch
Boisseron
Bonneval, Eure-et-Loir
Bougue
Bourbon-Lancy
Bourges
Bourg-le-Roi
Briançon
Brignon
Briod
Bruch, Lot-et-Garonne
Cadillac, Gironde
Caen
Cahors
Campel
Capdenac
Carcassonne
Carignan, Ardennes
Caudebec-en-Caux
Cernay, Haut-Rhin
Chalon-sur-Saône
Champdieu
Champigneulles
Champlitte
Charleville-Mézières
Château-Thierry, Aisne
Châtelais
Châtillon-sur-Saône
Chéraute
Clermont-Ferrand
Cluny
Collonges-la-Rouge
Colmar
Colmars
Compiègne
Compreignac
Concarneau
Condé-sur-l'Escaut
Corbigny
Cordes-sur-Ciel
Cormery
Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire
Coucy-le-Château-Auffrique – Large parts of the walls remain, though partly in a ruinous state. Remains include several towers, stretches of curtain wall and three gates, the Porte de Laon, Porte de Soissons and the Porte de Chauny.
Courthézon
Crécy-la-Chapelle – fragmentary remains
Créquy
Cucuron
Cuiseaux
Cusset
Dachstein, Bas-Rhin
Dambach-la-Ville
Dax, Landes
Decize
Die, Drôme
Diemeringen
Dieppe, Seine-Maritime
Dinan
Dole, Jura
Domfront, Orne
Domme, Dordogne
Dun-sur-Auron
Espalion
Eu, Seine-Maritime
Évreux
Falaise, Calvados
Faucogney-et-la-Mer
Feurs
Figeac
Fos-sur-Mer
Fougères
Fréjus, Var
Givet
Granville, Manche
Grenoble
Guémar, Haut-Rhin
Guérande
Hennebont
Herrlisheim-près-Colmar
Hesdin
Hiers-Brouage
Honfleur
Île-d'Aix
Illfurth
Issoudun, Indre
Isturits
Joigny
La Cavalerie
La Charité-sur-Loire
La Chassagne
La Couvertoirade
La Groutte
La Martyre
La Roche-de-Glun
La Rochelle
La Roche-Posay
La Sauvetat, Puy-de-Dôme
La Turbie
Langres
Lanneray
Lantabat
Laon
Larceveau-Arros-Cibits
Larressingle
Laval, Mayenne
Le Castellet, Var
Le Crozet
Le Malzieu-Ville
Le Mont-Saint-Michel
Le Palais
Le Poët-Laval
Le Quesnoy
Le Thor
Les Andelys
Les Cluses
Levens
Loches – large parts remain intact. The upper town and the Loches castle are built on a hill which offers a strategic position over the surrounding countryside and the Indre river. The walls of the upper town remain largely intact and include the ruins of the Porte de Saint-Ours, the well preserved Porte Royale, long stretches of curtain wall and several towers and bastions. The walls of the lower town are partly demolished, but 4 towers, a few smaller later-added turrets, a long section of curtain wall and the well preserved Porte des Cordeliers and Porte Picois (which now serves as the City hall) still remain intact.
Loudun, Vienne
Lucéram
Maisod
Mans
Marcolès
Marsal, Moselle
Marville, Meuse
Maubeuge
Mende, Lozère
Mennetou-sur-Cher
Metz
Meursac
Molsheim
Monceaux-sur-Dordogne
Mondoubleau
Monpazier
Montarcher
Montbrison, Loire
Mont-de-Marsan
Monteux
Montfort-sur-Meu
Montivilliers
Mont-Louis
Montréal, Yonne
Montreuil, Pas-de-Calais
Montreuil-Bellay
Montverdun
Moret-sur-Loing
Morlaix
Mougins
Mouzon, Ardennes
Nabas, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Nages-et-Solorgues
Nantes
Narbonne
Navarrenx
Neubois
Neuf-Brisach
Nevers
Nice, Alpes-Maritimes
Nieul-sur-l'Autise
Nîmes
Notre-Dame-de-Gravenchon
Oberhaslach
Obernai
Oradour-sur-Glane, Haute-Vienne
Orange, Vaucluse
Orgon
Ostabat-Asme
Paris
Parthenay
Pérouges
Pertuis
Pesmes
Placey
Ploërmel
Poitiers, Vienne
Poligny, Jura
Pommiers, Loire
Pont-de-l'Arche
Pontgibaud
Pont-l'Abbé-d'Arnoult
Pontoise
Pouilly-lès-Feurs
Prades-le-Lez
Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste
Provins
Puycelsi
Quimper, Finistère
Quintin
Rânes
Rauzan
La Réole
Revest-des-Brousses
Ribeauvillé
Richelieu, Indre-et-Loire
Rions
Riquewihr
Rocamadour
Rochefort, Charente-Maritime
Rocroi
Rodemack
Romenay
Rosheim
Rouffach
Roye, Somme
Ruoms
Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges
Saint-Dyé-sur-Loire
Sainte-Croix-sur-Buchy
Saint-Émilion, Gironde
Saintes, Charente-Maritime
Sainte-Eulalie-de-Cernon
Sainte-Suzanne-et-Chammes
Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry
Saint-Félix-Lauragais
Saint-Gence
Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin
Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port
Saint-Junien – A tower and remains of the curtain wall remain behind houses at the junction of the Boulevard de la République and the Rue de Brèche.
Saint-Laurent-des-Arbres
Saint-Léger-Magnazeix
Saint-Lô
Saint-Macaire
Saint-Marcouf, Manche
Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa
Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts
Saint-Omer
Saint-Pastour
Saint-Paul-de-Vence
Saint-Pompont
Saint-Suliac
Saint-Sulpice-de-Favières
Saint-Trivier-sur-Moignans
Saint-Valery-sur-Somme – Large parts remain, including the Porte de Nevers, the Porte Jeanne d'Arc, stretches of curtain wall and some towers. A hill named Cap Hornu arises above the town which is the most likely and possible location of the Roman Saxon Shore fort and harbour named Locus Quartensis sive Hornensis.
Saint-Vérain
Saissac
Sarralbe
Sarrebourg
Saumur, Maine-et-Loire
Sauvain
Sélestat
Semur-en-Auxois
Senlis, Oise
Sens, Yonne
Septème
Sisteron
Soissons
Sorel-Moussel
Strasbourg
Suèvres
Thann, Haut-Rhin
Thionville, Moselle
Thouars
Tillac
Tincry
Toul, Meurthe-et-Moselle
Toulouse
Tours, Indre-et-Loire
Trôo
Turckheim
Uzès
Vabre
Vannes
Vaucouleurs, Meuse
Venasque
Vence
Verdun, Meuse
Vervins
Vézelay
Vianne
Vienne, Isère
Viens, Vaucluse
Vievy-le-Rayé
Villefranche-de-Conflent
Villeneuve-sur-Yonne
Vitré, Ille-et-Vilaine
Vouvant
Wangen, Bas-Rhin
Wattwiller
Westhoffen
Wissembourg
Zellenberg
= Germany
=Aachen, some parts of the inner walls still remain alongside Tempelgraben (at the corner with the Eilfschornsteinstraße and the corner with the Pontstraße), and at the back of the houses alongside Seilgraben. Of the outer walls three towers, the Langer Turm, Pfaffenturm and the Marienturm, still stand today. The two remaining city gates, Ponttor and Marschiertor, are among the best preserved gates in Germany.
Aach
Abensberg
Ahrweiler
Aichach
Altentreptow – the remains include some stretches of wall, a tower and two town gates, the Brandenburger Tor and the Demminer Tor.
Annaberg-Buchholz
Amberg
Amöneburg
Andernach
Arberg – only one town gate remains.
Arnstadt
Aschaffenburg
Aub – large sections of the walls remain, including some towers. One town gate remains, the Zentturm.
Babenhausen
Bad Colberg-Heldburg
Bad Frankenhausen
Bad Hersfeld
Bad Langensalza – large parts of the walls still remain today, including 12 wall towers and one city gate, the Klagetor.
Bad Münstereifel
Bad Neustadt an der Saale
Bad Orb
Bad Rodach
Bad Sooden-Allendorf
Bad Waldsee
Bad Wimpfen
Bacharach
Ballenstedt
Barby
Bautzen
Beilngries
Berching
Berlin had a defensive wall around the city from about 1250 until the mid-17th century, and a Customs Wall from the mid-18th to the mid-19th centuries. The Berlin Wall that existed from 1961 to 1989 was claimed by the authorities of East Germany to be defensive, but in fact it was rather intended to prevent unauthorized emigration. Parts of Berlin's medieval wall still remain alongside the Littenstraße.
Bernau bei Berlin
Bernkastel – one town gate, the Graacher Tor, remains.
Besigheim
Blankenburg (Harz)
Bodenwerder
Boizenburg
Boppard
Bönnigheim – some parts of the walls and a town gate remain.
Brandenburg
Buchen
Burgau
Burg bei Magdeburg
Burghausen
Butzbach
Büdingen
Calbe
Chemnitz – only one tower remains, the Roter Turm (Red Tower).
Coburg
Cologne
Crailsheim – some remains are located north of the Ringgasse, including a wall tower. Another tower remains alongside the Grabenstraße.
Darmstadt
Dausenau – the walls remain almost intact. One town gate still remains, the Torturm.
Delitzsch
Demmin large parts of the city walls still remain alongside Nordmauer, Bauhofstraße and Südmauer. One town gate still remains, the Luisentor.
Dettelbach
Dillenburg
Dillingen
Dilsberg
Dinkelsbühl – the medieval town walls remain fully intact, including 4 gates and 19 towers.
Dollnstein
Dömitz
Donauwörth
Dresden – Dresden's defensive walls were some of the first in Germany, inspired by the earlier Italian model. The walls surrounded both the ‘Old City’ south of the Elbe, and the ‘New City’ to the north. The walls, gates and moats were largely removed c. 1815, following the Napoleonic Wars, being deemed outmoded for modern warfare. Some small sections have been rediscovered and established as the Museum Festung Dresden https://web.archive.org/web/20160509160153/http://www.festung-dresden.de/de/festung_dresden/museum/ below the more famous Brühl Terrace.
Duderstadt
Duisburg
Ebern
Eberbach (Baden)
Eibelstadt
Eichstätt
Einbeck
Eisenheim
Ellwangen
Eltville am Rhein
Emden
Erding
Erlangen – some stretches of wall still remain alongside Nördliche Stadtmauerstraße, Wöhrstraße and Schulstraße.
Feuchtwangen
Fladungen
Forchheim
Freiberg
Freyburg, Germany
Freystadt
Friedberg, Bavaria
Freinsheim
Frickenhausen am Main
Fritzlar
Gangelt
Gardelegen – there are several remains of the old town wall, including the impressive Salzwedeler Tor, the remains of the Stendaler Tor, and some stretches of wall.
Gartz (Oder) – The remains of the walls around the medieval town include some sizable stretches of walls, towers and one town gate, the Stettiner Tor.
Geisa
Gelnhausen
Germersheim
Gerolzhofen
Göllheim – two town gates are preserved, the Kerzenheimer Tor and the Dreisener Tor. One tower remains, the Ulrichsturm.
Gräfenberg – the remains include three well-preserved town gates, the Egloffsteiner Tor, the Hiltpoltsteiner Tor and the Gesteiger Tor. Some parts of the walls still remain adjacent to the Gesteiger Tor and at the back of the houses alongside Am Gesteiger and Schulgasse.
Grebenstein – most of the medieval walls are still surrounding the old town. One town gate remains, the Burgtor.
Greding
Grimma
Grimmen one tower still remains, the Wasserturm. All three of the original town gates also remain, the Stralsunder Tor, Greifswalder Tor and the Mühlentor.
Großostheim
Gundelfingen an der Donau
Gundelsheim
Gunzenhausen
Güstrow – remains of the walls remain south of the cathedral and alongside the Gelviner Mauer. The town
Haldensleben
Hannoversch Münden
Hattingen
Heidelsheim – one town gate and a wall tower still remain today.
Heidingsfeld, today part of Würzburg
Heilbad Heiligenstadt
Herborn
Herrieden
Hildburghausen
Hirschhorn
Haldensleben
Hammelburg
Hardgesen
Hollfeld – the remains include one town gate, the Obere Tor, and some parts of the walls to the south of the old town.
Homberg, Efze
Horn
Höchstadt an der Aisch
Höchstädt an der Donau
Horb am Neckar – large sections of the walls still remain. One town gate, the Ihlinger Tor, still remains, and some towers still remain, most notably the Schurkenturm and the Schütteturm.
Höxter
Hünfeld
Ingelheim am Rhein – sizable remains, including stretches of wall, the Malakoffturm, the Bismarckturm, Ohrenbrückertor, Uffhubtor and the ruined Heidesheimer Tor. The medieval town centre also houses the ruins of the Ingelheimer Kaiserpfalz.
Ingolstadt
Iphofen
Jena
Kallenhardt
Karlstadt am Main
Alt Kaster – The old medieval town of Kaster now forms part of Bedburg. The town walls remain largely intact, including 2 town gates and several towers.
Kaub
Kaufbeuren
Kemnath – several sections and towers of the walls remain around the medieval town. The eastern town gate was later converted into a church tower.
Kempen – some parts of the walls still remain. They include the Kuhtor, a well-preserved town gate, the Mühlenturm and the remains of another town gate, the Peterstor.
Kindelbrück
Kirchberg an der Jagst
Kirchhain
Kirchheim unter Teck
Kitzingen
Kroppenstedt
Korbach
Kranenburg
Kronach
Kulmbach
Kuppenheim
Kyritz
Ladenburg
Landsberg am Lech
Landshut
Langenzenn
Laucha an der Unstrut
Lauchheim
Lauingen
Lauf an der Pegnitz
Laufen
Lauffen am Neckar – the old town consists of three parts. While the town is divided by the river Neckar, the castle stands on a small island circled by the river. On the left bank there is a sizable stretch of wall is located next to the church. On the right bank, some towers, stretches of wall and the Neues Heilbronner Tor still remain.
Leipheim
Leipzig – remains include the Moritzbastei bastion.
Leonberg
Leutershausen
Löbejün
Lohr am Main
Lübben
Luckau
Magdeburg
Mainbernheim
Maintal – large sections of the walls still remain, notably to the north of the medieval town.
Mainz – the remains include the well-preserved square-shaped citadel, the medieval Alexanderturm, and the remains of a bastion alongside the Augustusstraße.
Malchin two town gates still remain, the Kalensches Tor and the Steintor. Some parts of the walls to the south and east of the town still remain.
Marbach am Neckar
Markt Einersheim – two town gates still remain.
Marktbreit
Mayen
Meisenheim
Mellrichstadt
Memmingen
Meppen – the remains include a star shaped moat around the medieval town.
Merkendorf
Meyenburg
Michelstadt
Miltenberg
Mindelheim
Möckmühl
Monheim – two town gates remain, the Oberes Tor and the Unteres Tor.
Mühlhausen
Müncheberg
Munich has some of its former city gates still standing, and a section of its late 13th-century defensive wall.
Münnerstadt
Münzenberg – fragments of the walls remain, including two towers.
Monheim – some stretches of wall still remain and both town gates, the Oberes Tor and the Unteres Tor, are preserved.
Nabburg
Naumburg
Neckarsulm
Neubrandenburg
Neubrunn
Neuburg an der Donau – some parts of the medieval walls still remain, including the Unteres Tor. The trace of the later bastion earthworks, the so-called Untere Schanze, Elias Holl Schanze and Oberer Schanze, is still recognizable in the fields and from the air.
Neudenau
Neuenstadt am Kocher
Neuenstein
Neuleiningen
Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz
Neunkirchen am Brand – three town gates still remain, the Forchheimer Tor, the Erleinhofer Tor and the Erlanger Tor.
Neuss
Neustadt (Hessen)
Neustadt an der Aisch – substantial parts of the walls still remain, including some towers and a well-preserved town gate, te Nürnberger Tor.
Neustadt in Holstein – one town gate remains, the Kremper Tor.
Niedernberg – several stretches of the walls wall remain. One wall tower remains at the riverside end of the Turmgasse
Niedernhall – most of the town walls remain intact.
Nordhausen
Nördlingen
Nürnberg
Obernburg am Main
Oberwesel
Ochsenfurt
Oebisfelde
Oettingen
Öhringen
Oldenburg
Oppenheim – some stretches of the town walls remain near the ruins of Landskron castle. One town gate and two towers remain, the Gautor, the Ruprechtsturm and the Uhrturm.
Ornbau
Orsoy
Ortenberg
Oschatz
Ostheim
Paderborn
Pappenheim
Pasewalk
Tribsees – two town gates remain, the Steintor and the Mühlentor
Trier-Pfalzel
Pfullendorf
Pößneck
Potsdam
Prenzlau there are some good remains of the walls, especially North, East and South of the town. 4 gates still remain, the Steintor, Wasserpforte, Mitteltor and the Blindower Tor. The walls also include 25 towers.
Prenzlin
Prichsenstadt
Querfurt
Radolfzell am Bodensee
Ratingen
Ravensburg – three town gates still remain, the Frauentor, Obertor and the Untertor. Nine of the original ten wall towers still remain, most notably a tower named Mehlsack.
Recklinghausen two defensive towers and some portions of wall still remain today, north west of the old city.
Reichelsheim – three towers remain.
Rodach
Rees – large parts of the town walls still remain intact, mainly located at the riverside of the town and in the parks at the north-east and west side of the medieval town.
Rheinbach
Rheinberg
Rhens – the town walls remain largely intact. Three town gates still remain, the Rheintor, the Josephstor and the ruins of the Viehtor.
Rostock
Röttingen
Roth
Rothenburg ob der Tauber
Rottweil
Rüthen
Salzkotten
Salzwedel
Schleusingen
Schlüsselfeld
Schmalkalden
Schongau, Bavaria
Schrobenhausen
Schwaigern
Schwalmstadt – the remains of a town gate still survive, the medieval Lüdertor. The earthworks are mostly demolished, leaving a moat of which the course indicates the location of four round bastions.
Schweinfurt
Seehausen – the moat still surrounds most of the medieval town. Fragments of the walls are to be found at the southern side of the old town. One town gate still remains, the Beustertor.
Seßlach
Seligenstadt – the remains include the Steinheimer Torturm, the Pulverturm and a tower at the Friedhofsmauer.
Segnitz
Soest – 2.5 km of the town walls (1180) are still intact, also a town gate ("Osthofentor", with the world largest collection of crossbow bolts) and a defense tower ("Kattenturm").
Sommerach
Sömmerda
Sommerhausen
Spalt
Spangenberg
Stade
Staßfurt
Stadt Blankenberg
Steinheim
Steinau an der Straße
Stendal – two town gates still remain.
Sternberg
Stadtsteinach
Stralsund
Sulzbach – sizable parts of the walls and towers still remain. One town gate is preserved, the Rosenberger Tor.
Sulzfeld am Main
Tangermünde – most of the town walls still remain, including some towers.
Templin
Themar
Treysa – the remains are located mainly South, East and North of the old town.
Trier, portions of the city walls still exist, but the size of the Roman gate, the "Porta Nigra", gives evidence of the importance of the city. Other Roman remains include the baths, the Constantine Basilica, an amphitheater, and a 2nd-century AD Roman bridge.
Torgau
Überlingen
Uffenheim
Ulm an der Donau
Villach
Villingen
Vilseck
Vilshofen an der Donau
Vellberg
Volkach
Waiblingen
Waldenburg
Waldfeucht
Wangen im Allgäu
Warburg (Westfalia)
Wassertrüdingen
Wemding
Weikersheim
Weil der Stadt
Weilrod – the only town gate still remains.
Weißenburg (Bavaria)
Werben – one town gate still remains to the north east of the medieval town, the Elbtor. A tower with adjacent portion of the town wall remains to the west of the medieval town.
Wertheim
Wettenberg
Windsbach
Winterhausen
Wittstock
Witzenhausen
Woldegk
Wolframs-Eschenbach
Worms, Germany
Wörth am Main
Wunsiedel 3 towers, small portions of the walls and a town gate (Koppetentor) still remain.
Würzburg
Xanten
Zeil am Main
Zerbst
Zons
Zülpich
Zwickau
= Gibraltar
=Gibraltar
= Greece
=Many towns and cities still retain at least parts of their defensive walls, including:
Arta
Athens – mostly demolished, see city walls of Athens
Chania – see Fortifications of Chania
Chios
Corfu (city)
Drama, Greece – sizable parts of the town walls remain to the north and east side of the old town. Including 2 towers and stretches of wall.
Heraklion Candia Khandak – see Fortifications of Heraklion see siege of Candia – Arab and Byzantine walls still remain, about 20%, Venetian 7.5 km long walls, 95% still remain, 30.000 people live now inside the Venecian walls. Two gates, one castle in the sea (Koules)
Ioannina – see Ioannina Castle
Kastoria – fragmentary remains.
Kavala (a significant part of the seaside walls survive)
Kissamos
Komotini
Koroni – preserved fortifications of the castle and upper town.
Missolonghi
Monemvassia
Mystras
Nafplion
Naupactus
Preveza
Rethymno – see Fortezza of Rethymno
Rhodes – see Fortifications of Rhodes
Thessaloniki – see Walls of Thessaloniki
Veria (about 170 m of the Byzantine walls survive)
= Hungary
=Buda – the Castle Hill is surrounded by preserved medieval and early modern fortifications. Only a short section survived from the walls of the Víziváros neighbourhood.
Pest – segments of the 15th-century city walls are preserved inside the courtyards of later houses.
Eger – some segments preserved, mostly demolished
Győr – the walls were demolished in the 19th century but segments are preserved
Komárom
Kőszeg
Mosonmagyaróvár – the walls were demolished in the 1820s
Pécs – long sections of the medieval walls are preserved and freed to later intrusions.
Sárospatak
Sopron – medieval circle of walls partly built on ancient Roman foundations
Szécsény – some segments of the city walls preserved
Székesfehérvár – long sections of the medieval walls are preserved
Vác – some segments and one tower preserved
Veszprém – walled old town on Castle Hill
= Republic of Ireland
== Italy
=Acqui Terme – three town gates and remains of walls.
Acuto
Albenga – fragmentary remains, including stretches of wall and 3 town gates.
Alghero
Altamura – some remains; two gates are still visible, namely Porta Bari and Porta dei Martiri
Ancona
Anghiari
Aosta's Roman walls are still preserved almost in their entirety
Appignano
Aquasparta
Arcevia
Asolo
Assisi
Arezzo – Large parts of the town walls still survive, including several stretches of curtain wall, 6 bastions, 4 town gates and the well preserved citadel Fortezza Medicea.
Bagnacavallo – two town gates remain.
Bari – historically a walled port city on a promontory but only two bastions and a short section of the sea walls survived
Bassano del Grappa
Bastia Umbra
Belvedere Ostrense
Belluno
Bergamo – surrounding hill of the old city
Bisceglie
Bologna
Bosco Marengo – a large part of the north-western walls with towers are preserved.
Bozzolo
Brescia – the castle hill (called Cidneo Hill) is surrounded by preserved medieval and Renaissance fortifications. Segments of Roman and venetian walls are partially survived
Bressanone – the western gate remains as well as the north side where the houses serves as walls
Brindisi – several parts of the walls are preserved, including 5 bastions and two town gates, the Porta Lecce and the Porta Mesagne.
Brunico – three gates remain, the western, northern and eastern ones.
Busseto
Cagli
Cagliari
Caltagirone
Camerino
Capua
Castel Bolognese – three wall towers still remain.
Castel del Monte
Castel Goffredo – tiny fraction of the walls and a tower remain
Castelfranco Veneto – the old town is completely surrounded by medieval walls and a moat
Castelvetro di Modena
Castelsardo
Castiglion Fiorentino
Castiglione di Garfagnana
Castiglione del Lago's old town has fully preserved walls
Cesena
Cingoli
Cittadella – one of the best preserved walled towns in Italy, there's a small breach on the northwestern part (the walls are fully walkable)
Città della Pieve
Città di Castello
Cividale del Friuli – small part of the walls remain on the north east
Colmurano
Cologna Veneta – minor part of the walls remaining on the western side
Como – about 70% is remaining with a few towers
Cordovado – two town gates remain
Corinaldo
Corridonia
Cortona
Crema (Venetian walls of Crema)
Crotone
Domodossola – a tiny fraction remains behind the church
Este, Veneto – parts of walls still remaining
Fabriano
Faenza
Falerone
Fano – large sections of the Roman walls and towers are preserved. One town gate still remains, the Roman Arco di Augusto.
Felizzano
Ferrara – originally 13 km now 9 km remain
Firenzuola
Fiuggi
Florence
Foligno
Fossano – a minor part remains, particularly a bastion at the north end
Forlì – remains include the ruins of the Porta Schiavona. The foundations of a tower can be found in the roundabout at the Piazza Santa Chiara.
Gallipoli
Gemona
Genoa has partial fortifications still standing
Glurns Glorenza in Italian, the medieval stone walls fully encapsulate the old town
Gradara
Gradisca d'Isonzo – large part of the walls and towers still intact
Grosseto's star shaped town walls are almost completely intact.
Guardiagrele
Guastalla – a star-shaped road around the town indicates the trace of the fortifications. A wall tower still stands at the corner Via Giuseppe Verdi/Via Volturno.
Iglesias
Isernia
Ivrea
Jesi
Lanciano
Lazise – part of the northern and southern walls still intact, including several towers and 3 town gates.
Lecce
Lecco – small part of the walls remains on the north east
Leonessa
Livorno
Loano
Loro Piceno
Lucca
Macerata
Marostica – The defensive walls around the old town are fully intact. The walls are among the best preserved medieval defensive structures in Italy. Including 3 town gates, 20 towers and two castles, the Castello Superiore and the Castello Inferiore.
Marsala
Marta
Massa Martana
Massa Fermana
Matera
Melfi
Messina – see Fortifications of Messina
Mignano Monte Lungo – the Porta Fratte town gate is the only remain of the medieval town walls.
Mineo
Mondolfo
Monopoli
Montefalco
Montegiorgio
Monteriggioni
Montagnana – perfectly preserved medieval walls and one of the most impressive in Europe
Montappone – small fortified town. The town directly borders the walled town of Massa Fermana
Montecassiano
Montecatini Terme
Monte del Lago
Monte San Giusto – fragmentary remains, including an impressive town gate and a tower.
Monte San Pietrangeli
Monte San Savino
Monte Vidon Corrado
Muggia – remains include two towers, two stone bastions, two town gates and large stretches of the walls.
Naples
Nardò – several fragments of the walls still stand around the town, including many towers which are incorporated in houses.
Narni
Nettuno
Noale
Norcia
Novi Ligure
Orbetello
Orvieto
Ostra
Ostuni
Otranto
Padova
Palmanova has fortress plan and structure, called a star fort it is a nine pointed citadel
Passignano Sul Trasimeno
Pavia
Perugia
Pesaro – the remains include two bastions, a curtain wall and a town gate, the Porta Rimini.
Peschiera del Garda – fortified town surrounded by water
Peschici
Petriolo
Piacenza has large sections of its Renaissance walls still standing
Piglio
Piombino
Pisa
Pistoia
Pizzighettone – nearly completely surrounded by walls apart from a few breaches
Pollenza
Pontremoli
Portobuffolé – little town with a gate remaining
Portoferraio
Potenza Piceno
Pozzuoli
Prato
Procida
Rapagnano
Rapolano Terme
Ravenna
Reggio Emilia – very little remains of the medieval town walls. One town gate remains, the impressive Porta Santa Croce. A stretch of wall is located at the Viale Monte Grappa.
Ricetto di Candelo – small town completely surrounded by walls
Rieti
Rimini
Riva del Garda – parts of the walls and two gates remain
Rome has walls since the Roman Empire
Rovereto – a part of the medieval stone walls remains on the eastern side
Sabbioneta – surrounded by a star fort
Salò – two gates remaining
San Costanzo – one of the smallest fortified towns in Italy
San Gemini
San Gimignano
San Severino Marche
San Vito al Tagliamento – part of the walls remain and three gates
Santarcangelo di Romagna – most of the medieval town wall remains around the old town, including long stretches of wall, a gate and several towers.
Sansepolcro
Sant'Angelo in Pontano
Sassari fragmentary remains, mainly at the north side of the old town.
Savignaro Sul Panaro
Sciacca
Senigallia
Serra De'Conti
Sesto al Reghena – two gates remain
Siena
Siracusa
Soave – town surrounded by medieval walls and three gates (Porta Bassano, Porta Vicentina and Porta Verona)
Soncino – nearly completely surrounded by walls and a moat
Spilamberto – one town gate still remains.
Spilimbergo
Spoleto
Staffolo
Sulmona
Susa – fragmentary remains of Roman walls. The cathedral is built against the side of the Roman town gate Porta Savoia. Several parts of the walls and three lowered towers can be found alongside the Corso Unione Sovietica.
Talamone
Tarquinia
Termoli
Terra del Sole almost all town walls remain, with four bastion and two gate (Porta Romana and Fiorentina). Ideal-town of renaissance
Todi
Torino – the remains include the impressive Roman town gate Porta Palatina and 3 bastions with turrets and curtain walls in the park nearby the Porta Palatina.
torre San Patrizio
Torri del Benaco – minor part of the wall remaining on the south side
Trapani
Treia
Trevi
Treviso
Tuscania
Udine – fraction of the walls remain and two gates
Urbino
Urbisaglia
Verona
Veruccio
Venzone – medieval stone walls surrounding the town, partly rebuilt after the 1976 earthquake
Vicenza large sections of the town walls still remain, mainly alongside the Viale Giuseppe Mazzini, Via Goivanni Cecciarini and the Via Legione Gallieno. Four town gates remain, the Porta San Bortolo, Porta Santa Lucia, Porta Castello and the Porta Santa Croce.
Villafranca di Verona – completely intact walls part of the castle
Vipiteno – a tower gate remains
Volterra
Vaste
= Latvia
=Riga – the best preserved part of the old town walls is the Powder Tower. Just north west of the Powder Tower remains a stretch of wall with a square tower. Foundations of the wall can be seen at Kalēju iela street, and there are fragments of a ruined wall at the site of a demolished building at Minsterejas iela street. The only remains of the earthen ramparts around the old town is a star shaped moat, now transformed into a park.
Cēsis
Daugavpils fortress (Not a true walled city, but a huge fortress with buildings)
Limbaži
Valmiera
= Lithuania
=Vilnius (Can be seen in some places)
Kaunas (Partially built)
= Luxembourg
=Luxembourg City
= North Macedonia
=Ohrid
Skopje
= Malta
== Monaco
=Monaco
= Montenegro
=Kotor
Bar
Budva
Herceg Novi
Kotor – built by Illyrian tribes in the 9th century and enlarged many times from the 13th century until the 19th century.
Podgorica
Sveti Stefan
Ulcinj
= Netherlands
== Norway
=Fredrikstad
Gamlebyen
Oslo (Akershus Fortress)
= Poland
=Biała
Białogard
Bolesławiec – the old town has fragmentary remains of the old town wall, including several towers and stretches of wall.
Braniewo
Brodnica
Brzeg – a star-shaped park around the old town is what remains of the renaissance fortifications. Some parts of the moat still remain. The shape of seven bastions is recognizable from the air.
Bystrzyca Kłodzka
Chełmno – almost whole length of walls (2.2 km), with 17 watch towers and city gate, 13th and 14th centuries.
Chojna
Chojnice
Dąbie
Dzierżoniów
Gdańsk
Głogów
Gniew
Goleniów
Golub-Dobrzyń
Gorzów Wielkopolski
Grodków
Grudziądz
Gryfice
Gryfino
Jawor
Jelenia Góra
Kalisz
Kamień Pomorski
Kętrzyn
Kłodzko – the remains include the impressive citadel located on a hill north of the medieval town.
Kołobrzeg – a round basion and a part of the moat still remain.
Kostrzyn – the medieval town was entirely destroyed during World War II, only remaining some ruins of houses, the ruins of a church and the riverside fortified walls. The fortified walls include three bastions and a land gate. The remaining moat of an outer work is located north west of the ruined medieval town.
Koszalin
Kowalewo Pomorskie
Kożuchów
Kraków – only the barbican, Floriańska Gate, two watch towers and some traces preserved
Krapkowice
Kwidzyn
Legnica
Lębork – city ruins from the Medieval era
Lidzbark Warmiński
Lipiany
Lubań – partially preserved
Lubawa
Lubin
Lublin
Malbork – one gate and a round bastion still remain. Stretches of the walls still remain alongside the river in the direction of the famous Malbork Castle
Maszewo – the town walls are nearly complete, apart from two breaches made for the increasing traffic. The two original town gates are demolished, and an adjacent tower of one of the gates still remains.
Mieszkowice
Modlin Fortress
Myślibórz
Nowe – sizable parts of the walls remain.
Nowe Miasto Lubawskie – two town gates remain.
Nowogrodziec
Nysa – there are large remains of the renaissance fortifications, notably to the east of the old town and to the north of the Nysa Klodzka river. There are several forts around Nysa. The remains of the medieval town walls include two land gates, the remains of a water gate, some towers and stretches of wall.
Olkusz
Olsztyn
Opole – the remaining walls are located in the north east corner of the medieval town.
Paczków – very well preserved walls with 19 towers and 3 gates
Pasłęk – large stretches of the walls remain intact, including two city gates
Poznań – city walls existed until the early 19th century (fragments remain); Prussian fortifications were built in the 19th century
Prabuty
Prudnik – three watch towers
Przemyśl – partially preserved ruins
Pyrzyce – until World War II best preserved city walls in Pomerania region, from the 14th century
Sandomierz
Słupsk
Stargard – significant parts survived with 3 gates (including unique water gate – Brama Młyńska); one of the most interesting city walls in Poland
Starogard Gdański
Strzegom
Strzelce Krajeńskie
Sulechów
Susz
Syców
Szczecin – to the east of the castle remains a well-preserved wall tower. Two town gates still remain.
Szprotawa
Szydłów – city walls with Krakowska Gate and watch towers built in the 14th century
Środa Śląska
Świebodzice
Świebodzin
Tarnów
Tczew
Toruń – several watch towers, three city gates and some sections (the longest and most impressive from Vistula) from the 13th to 15th centuries
Trzcińsko-Zdrój
Trzebiatów
Warsaw – partially preserved, partially restored after World War II, barbican restored
Wieluń
Wolin – only one bastion remains to the south of the town.
Wrocław
Ząbkowice Śląskie
Zamość – complete renaissance and 19th-century walls preserved
Złotoryja
Żagań
Żary
= Portugal
=Almeida Vauban style fortress town.
Avis (or Aviz)
Beja
Bragança – the old town is still completely surrounded with medieval walls, including all 12 towers and two gates.
Caminha
Castelo Branco
Castelo de Vide
Chaves
Coimbra
Évora
Elvas – Elvas is among the finest examples of intensive usage of the trace italienne (star fort) in military architecture.
Estremoz
Guarda
Guimarães
Lagos, Portugal
Lisboa, Portugal – There are fragments of a Fernandin Wall since the 13th century.
Marvão
Monção
Monsaraz
Monforte
Óbidos
Olivenza
Peniche
Santarém
Setúbal – the remains of 5 bastions can be found around town.
Valença
Vide
Vila Viçosa
= Romania
=Alba Iulia
Bistriţa
Brașov
Cluj-Napoca
Constanța
Mediaș
Oradea
Orăștie
Sebeș
Sibiu
Sighișoara
Timișoara
= Russia
=City walls
Derbent (a World Heritage site)
Izborsk
Moscow (the walls of the Bely Gorod have been dismantled, the Kitay-gorod wall for the most part too)
Pskov
Smolensk
Vyborg (two towers of the medieval wall remain, while one bastion on one side and a full set on the other remain from the bastioned fortifications)
Yaroslavl (only several towers still stand)
Novokuznetsk
Gorodets
Kremlins (citadels)
Ladoga
Swiyazhsk
Astrakhan
Ivangorod
Kazan
Kolomna
Moscow
Nizhny Novgorod
Novgorod
Porkhov
Tobolsk
Tula
Zaraysk
Korela
Rostov
Beloozyorsk
Suzdal
Dmitrov
Mozhaysk
Gdov
Uglich
Yuriev-Polski
Velikie Luki
Yam
Verkhoturie
Serpukhov
Alexandrov
Suzran
Vyazma
Vologda
Volokamsk
Vladimir
Zvenigorod-Moskovski
Ryazan
Pereyaslavl-Zalesski
Bryansk
Irkutsk
= Serbia
=Belgrade – Kalemegdan
Novi Sad – Petrovaradin
Bač
Manasija – Resava
Niš
Pirot
Smederevo
Golubac
Maglič
Šabac
= Slovakia
=Banská Bystrica
Banská Štiavnica – only one city gate left
Bardejov – walls almost completely preserved, with bastions and barbican
Beckov
Bojnice – large parts of the wall preserved, together with one of the city gates
Bratislava – only few structures have survived from original fortifications.
Brezno
Fiľakovo
Komárno – baroque fortifications almost completely preserved
Košice
Kežmarok
Kremnica – about two-thirds of the defensive walls around the town preserved, with several bastions and the city gate with barbican.
Krupina
Levice – parts of the defensive walls were found during an archaeological survey
Levoča – almost completely preserved
Modra – about two-thirds of the walls still standing, one bastion and one of the city gates
Nové Zámky
Pezinok – parts of the defensive walls visible on several locations of the town
Podolínec
Pukanec
Prešov – parts of the defensive walls were found during an archaeological survey
Sabinov
Skalica – large parts preserved
Spišská Kapitula
Svätý Jur
Trenčín – parts of the defensive walls were found during an archaeological survey
Trnava – mostly preserved, with several bastions and one city gate
Zvolen
Žilina
= Slovenia
=Celje
Koper
Kranj – evidence of the 1st-century fortifications and parts of the medieval fortifications, with four of the original eight towers preserved
Ljubljana – In the 1st century AD, a Roman settlement called Emona, on the site of the present-day Ljubljana, was fortified with strong walls. A small section of the southern wall is still preserved to this day. Ljubljana got its medieval walls, like many other towns in Slovenia, in the 13th century
Maribor – Originally 13th-century fortifications, rebuilt several times until the 17th century; some segments, including three towers and two bastions, are still preserved. Withstood sieges by Matthias Corvinus in 1480/1481 and by the Ottoman Empire in 1532.
Novo Mesto
Piran – 7th-century fortification, expanded between 1470 and 1533
Ptuj – 13th-century fortification
Slovenj Gradec
Škofja Loka
Vipavski Križ
= Spain
=A Coruña – fragmentary remains and 3 gates
Aínsa
Alarcón
Albarracín
Alburquerque
Alcalá de Henares – has preserved 1,200 metres of walls dotted with 19 towers
Alcántara, Cáceres
Alcúdia
Almazán
Alquézar
Artajona
Astorga
Atienza
Ávila – has the most complete medieval walls in Spain, half of which is navigable on foot
Badajoz – has medieval walls and most of its renaissance fortress
Balaguer
Barcelona – has portions of a Roman wall
Béjar
Berlanga
Berlanga de Duero
Besalú
Brihuega
Buitrago del Lozoya – has complete medieval walls.
Burgos – has some sizable remaining parts of the town walls alongside the Paseo Cubos and to the north east of the castle, including 10 wall towers. There are also remaining towers at the Calle Trinidad and the Calle San Lesmes. Five gates still remain intact, the Arco de Santa Maria, the Arco San Martin, the Arco de San Esteban, the Arco de San Gil and the Arco de San Juan
Burgo de Osma-Ciudad de Osma
Cáceres
Campo Maior
Cartagena
Castellar de la Frontera
Cedeira – fragmentary remains
Ceuta
Ciudad Rodrigo – suffered several sieges in Napoleonic wars, walls remain intact
Ciutadella de Menorca
Coca, Segovia
Córdoba
Coria – the old town is still completely surrounded by medieval and Roman walls
Covarrubias, Province of Burgos
Cuéllar
Cuenca
Daroca
Frías, Province of Burgos
Galisteo – the town walls are completely preserved
Gijon
Girona
Granada
Zarza de Granadilla
Haza, Province of Burgos
Hondarribia
Huesca – fragmentary remains
Ibiza
Jerez de los Caballeros
Laguardia
Laredo – two town gates still remain, the Puerta de Merenillo and the Puerta de Bilbao
Llanes
León – has an almost complete set of Roman walls dating back to the 3rd century AD, besides some parts built during the Middle Ages
Loarre
Lugo – has completely intact Roman walls. It is protected by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site
Maderuelo
Walls of Madrid – five walls
Maderuelo
Madrigal de las Altas Torres
Málaga
Mansilla de las Mulas
Manzaneda – Part of the medieval wall still remains, including one of the 3 gates
Mataró
Medina del Campo – fragmentary remains
Melilla – the old town is still fully enclosed by its impressive medieval walls
Mirambel
Molina de Aragón
Monforte de Lemos – most of the 13th century city walls have been preserved, including two gates.
Montblanc
Montfalco Murallat
Mora de Rubielos
Morella
Niebla, Huelva
Olivenza – the oldest part of the town, the area adjacent to the medieval castle of Olivenza, still has well-preserved stretches of walls and towers, including two original town gates. Large parts of the later star-shaped Renaissance fortifications are also preserved, including 9 bastions and 1 town gate, the Puerta del Calvario
Olmedo
Oviedo – has preserved parts of its medieval walls
Palazuelos
Palma, Majorca
Pamplona
Pedraza, Segovia
Peniscola
Plasencia
Portillo, Valladolid – fragmentary remains
Rada
Rello
Requena
Ronda – has almost complete walls (not counting the gorge which defends it on one side)
Salamanca
San Vicente de la Barquera – the old town has preserved the walls along with the castle
Santander – the old town had medieval defensive walls. A stretch of wall alongside Calle de Cadiz is all that remains
Santiago de Compostela – only a gate (Arco de Mazarelos) remains
Santillana del Mar – there are fragmentary remains of the medieval walls, including a stretch of wall alongside a car park southeast of the old town and a tower at the Plaza las Arenas facing to the north
Sasamón
Segovia – preserves parts of the wall plus three gates
Sigüenza
Talavera de la Reina
Tarifa
Tarragona
Tiedra – vestiges
Toledo
Tortosa – large parts of the extensively fortified medieval town remain intact
Tossa de Mar
Tui – a large part of both the 12th century wall and the 17/18th century fortifications has been preserved.
Urueña
Valencia – preserves portions of a Muslim wall and towers from Christian medieval age
Valladolid – vestiges
Vitoria-Gasteiz – fragmentary remains
Viveiro – fragmentary remains and 3 gates of the original 6
Xàtiva
Zamora – the old town walls remain largely intact, especially at the north, west and riverside of the old town.
Zaragoza
= Sweden
=City wall of Visby
Gothenburg has a part of the western city wall left, the bastion Carolus Rex at Esperantoplatsen (Esperanto square) and most of the city moat is still left.
Halmstad had renaissance ramparts. To the north of the old town a bastion with adjacent town gate remains, the Norre Port. To the south of the old town a bastion with a remnant of the moat remains.
Kalmar substantial remains of the walls. Sizable stretches of walls and a bastion remain to the south of the old town. To the east remain two bastions. To the north remain portions of wall near Fiskaregatan. To the west the shape of two bastions is clearly recognizable, with a ravelin in front of the remaining town gate Westport (Westgate). Two other town gates still remain, an unmanned gate of later date at the Skeppsbrogatan, and a gate at Skeppsbron.
Stockholm has a small remainder of the medieval city wall preserved.
Bohus Fortress
= Switzerland
=Aarau – the remains of the medieval town walls include two town gates (the Haldertor and the Oberer Turm) and a tower (the Pulverturm) with an adjacent stretch of wall.
Altstätten
Arbon – the remains include some fragments of wall and a tower converted into a house.
Avenches
Baden,_Switzerland
Basel
Bellinzona (Dominated by its three castles: Castelgrande, Castello di Montebello and Castello di Sasso Corbaro)
Biel
Bremgarten
Brugg
Bülach
Chur
Delémont
Diessenhofen
Frauenfeld
Fribourg
Geneva
Greifensee
Grüningen
Gruyères
Ilanz
Laufen
Lausanne
Lenzburg
Liestal – one town gate remains.
Lucerne – the wall on the northern bank of the Reuss is well preserved and among the principal landmarks of the city. It is called Museggmauer and Stadtmauer.
Maienfeld
Meienberg, Sins, Aargau
Morges
Münchenstein
Murten: Medieval walls
Neuchâtel
Nyon
Olten
Orbe
Rapperswil
Regensberg
Rheinfelden
Romont
Schaffhausen
Sempach
Solothurn – large parts still remain, including several walls, towers and a bastion. Two town gates remain, the impressive Baseltor and the Bieltor.
Steckborn
Sursee
Thun
Uznach
Wangen an der Aare
Werdenberg
Wiedlisbach
Willisau
Winterthur
Yverdon-les-Bains
Zofingen
Zug – the only remainder of the inner town walls is the Zeitturm (Clocktower), a medieval town gate. The remains of the outer town walls include four towers (the Kapuzinerturm, Knopfliturm, Huwilerturm and the Pulverturm), and some stretches of wall.
Zürich – the main remains are the Schanzengraben, and the shapes of several bastions are recognizable through the course of the moat. One bastions remains largely intact, and it now houses the Alter Botanischer Garten.
= Turkey
=Troy. The ancient city of Troy was famous for its defensive walls. There is archaeological evidence that Troy VII, generally identified as the stage of the legendary Trojan War of Homer's Iliad, usually dated between 1194 BC – 1184 BC, had walls with a carefully built stone base over four meters thick and some nine meters high in places, which was surmounted by a larger superstructure with towers in mudbrick. The walls in Homer's epic are so mighty that the siege of Troy by Achaeans lasts more than nine years, and only could be finished with the trickery of the Trojan Horse. Sections of the stone base of Trojan walls still survive on the archaeological site in present-day Hisarlık, in Çanakkale Province.
Istanbul. The system of walls around (as it was then known) Constantinople built in 412 by the Roman emperor Theodosius II was a complex stone barrier that stretched 6.5 kilometers and is often called the Wall of Theodosius. This barrier stood impregnable for ten centuries and resisted several violent sieges until 1453 when the Ottomans succeeded in breaching the walls. There was a new element in the battlefield: the Ottoman army had powder cannon and the walls offered limited resistance to them.
Diyarbakır. Diyarbakır is surrounded by an almost intact, dramatic set of high walls of black basalt forming a 5.5 km (3.4 mi) circle around the old city. There are four gates into the old city and 82 watch-towers on the walls, which were built in antiquity, restored and extended by the Roman emperor Constantius in 349.
Ankara
Çanakkale
İznik
Antalya
Sinop
Rize
Amasya
Bodrum
Alanya
Ani
Kuşadası
Pergamon
Assos
Bozcaada
Edirne
Trabzon. Most of the city walls are still standing and are among the city's oldest buildings. Their oldest part can be dated back to the 1st century AD during the Roman Empire era. Historical sources provide information about older stages of their construction. Xenophon, who visited the city in the 5th century BC also mentioned the existence of city walls
Enez
Bursa
Sığacık
= Ukraine
=City walls
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (see Akkerman Fortress)
Chernihiv (only ruins remain underground)
Kropyvnytskyi (small parts of St. Elizabeth Fortress survived)
Kyiv (see Golden Gate)
Lviv (see Hlyniany Gate and Lviv High Castle)
Citadels and castles
Lutsk (see Lubart's Castle)
Kamianets-Podilskyi (see Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle)
Kremenets (see Kremenets Castle)
Khotyn (see Khotyn Fortress)
Khust (see Khust Castle)
Mangup
Medzhybizh (see Medzhybizh Fortress)
Mukachevo (see Palanok Castle)
Stare Selo (see Stare Selo Castle)
Sudak
Uzhhorod (see Uzhhorod Castle)
Yeni-Kale
= United Kingdom
=England
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales
Aberystwyth
Beaumaris
Brecon
Caerleon (Isca Augusta)
Caerwent (Venta Silurum)
Caernarfon
Cardiff
Cardigan
Chepstow – Port Wall
Cowbridge
Conwy
Denbigh
Hay on Wye
Kenfig
Kidwelly
Monmouth
Montgomery
Tenby
Pembroke
Radnor
= Vatican City
=Vatican City
See also
Defensive wall
City gate
Closed city
Fortification
List of walls
Wall
Stone wall
Medieval fortification
References
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