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      "Matty Groves", also known as "Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard" or "Little Musgrave", is a ballad probably originating in Northern England that describes an adulterous tryst between a young man and a noblewoman that is ended when the woman's husband discovers and kills them. It is listed as Child ballad number 81 and number 52 in the Roud Folk Song Index. This song exists in many textual variants and has several variant names. The song dates to at least 1613, and under the title Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard is one of the Child ballads collected by 19th-century American scholar Francis James Child.


      Synopsis


      Little Musgrave (or Matty Groves, Little Matthew Grew and other variations) goes to church on a holy day either "the holy word to hear" or "to see fair ladies there". He sees Lord Barnard's wife, the fairest lady there, and realises that she is attracted to him. She invites him to spend the night with her, and he agrees when she tells him her husband is away from home. Her page overhears the conversation and goes to find Lord Barnard (Arlen, Daniel, Arnold, Donald, Darnell, Darlington) and tells him that Musgrave is in bed with his wife. Lord Barnard promises the page a large reward if he is telling the truth and to hang him if he is lying. Lord Barnard and his men ride to his home, where he surprises the lovers in bed. Lord Barnard tells Musgrave to dress because he doesn't want to be accused of killing a naked man. Musgrave says he dare not because he has no weapon, and Lord Barnard gives him the better of two swords. In the subsequent duel Little Musgrave wounds Lord Barnard, who then kills him. (However, in one version "Magrove" instead runs away, naked but alive.)
      Lord Barnard then asks his wife whether she still prefers Little Musgrave to him and when she says she would prefer a kiss from the dead man's lips to her husband and all his kin, he kills her. He then says he regrets what he has done and orders the lovers to be buried in a single grave, with the lady at the top because "she came of the better kin". In some versions Barnard is hanged, or kills himself, or finds his own infant son dead in his wife's body. Many versions omit one or more parts of the story.
      It has been speculated that the original names of the characters, Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard, come from place names in the north of England (specifically Little Musgrave in Westmorland and Barnard Castle in County Durham). The place name "Bucklesfordbury", found in both English and American versions of the song, is of uncertain origin.
      Some versions of the ballad include elements of an alba, a poetic form in which lovers part after spending a night together.


      Early printed versions


      There are few broadside versions. There are three different printings in the Bodleian Library's Broadside Ballads Online, all dating from the second half of the seventeenth century. One, The lamentable Ditty of the little Mousgrove, and the Lady Barnet from the collection of Anthony Wood, has a handwritten note by Wood on the reverse stating that "the protagonists were alive in 1543".
      Below are the first four verses as written in a version published in 1658.


      Traditional recordings


      It seems that the ballad had largely died out in the British Isles by the time folklorists began collecting songs. Cecil Sharp collected a version from an Agnes Collins in London in 1908, the only known version to have been collected in England. James Madison Carpenter recorded some Scottish versions, probably in the early 1930s, which can be heard on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website. The Scottish singer Jeannie Robertson was recorded on separate occasions singing a traditional version of the song entitled "Matty Groves" in the late 1950s by Alan Lomax, Peter Kennedy and Hamish Henderson. However, according to the Tobar an Dualchais website, Robertson may have learned her version from Johnny Wells and Sandy Paton, Paton being an American singer and folk song collector.
      Dozens of traditional versions of the ballad were recorded in the Appalachian region. Jean Bell Thomas recorded Green Maggard singing "Lord Daniel" in Ashland, Kentucky, in 1934, which was released on the anthology 'Kentucky Mountain Music' Yazoo YA 2200. Bascom Lamar Lunsford was recorded singing a version called "Lord Daniel's Wife" in 1935. Samuel Harmon, known as "Uncle" Sam Harmon, was recorded by Herbert Halpert in Maryville, Tennessee, in 1939 singing a traditional version. The influential Appalachian folk singer Jean Ritchie had her family version of the ballad, called "Little Musgrave", recorded by Alan Lomax in 1949, who made a reel-to-reel recording of it in his apartment in Greenwich Village; she later released a version on her album Ballads from her Appalachian Family Tradition (1961). In August 1963, John Cohen recorded Dillard Chandler singing "Mathie Groves" in Sodom, North Carolina, whilst Nimrod Workman, another Appalachian singer, had a traditional version of the song recorded in 1974.
      The folklorist Helen Hartness Flanders recorded many versions in New England in the 1930s and 40s, all of which can be heard online in the Flanders Ballad Collection.
      Canadian folklorists such as Helen Creighton, Kenneth Peacock and Edith Fowke recorded about a dozen versions in Canada, mostly in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.
      A number of songs and tales collected in the Caribbean are based on, or refer to, the ballad.


      Textual variants and related ballads



      Some of the versions of the song subsequently recorded differ from Child's catalogued version. The earliest published version appeared in 1658 (see Literature section below). A copy was also printed on a broadside by Henry Gosson, who is said to have printed between 1607 and 1641. Some variation occurs in where Matty is first seen; sometimes at church, sometimes playing ball.
      Matty Groves also shares some mid-song stanzas with the ballad "Fair Margaret and Sweet William" (Child 74, Roud 253).
      Other names for the ballad:

      Based on the lover
      Little Sir Grove
      Little Massgrove
      Matthy Groves
      Wee Messgrove
      Little Musgrave
      Young Musgrave
      Little Mushiegrove
      Based on the lord
      Lord Aaron
      Lord Arlen
      Lord Arnold
      Lord Barlibas
      Lord Barnabas
      Lord Barnaby
      Lord Barnard
      Lord Barnett
      Lord Bengwill
      Lord Darlen
      Lord Darnell
      Lord Donald
      Based on a combination of names
      Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard
      Little Musgrave and Lady Barnet
      Lord Barnett and Little Munsgrove
      Lord Vanner’s Wife [and Magrove]


      Literature


      The earliest known reference to the ballad is in Beaumont and Fletcher's 1613 play The Knight of the Burning Pestle:

      Al Hine's 1961 novel Lord Love a Duck opens and closes with excerpts from the ballad, and borrows the names Musgrave and Barnard for two characters.
      Deborah Grabien's third book in the Haunted Ballad series, Matty Groves (2005), puts a different spin on the ballad.


      Commercial recordings


      Versions of some performers could be mentioned as the most notable or successful, including those by Jean Ritchie or Martin Carthy.


      Film and television




      = Film

      =
      In the film Songcatcher (2000), the song is performed by Emmy Rossum and Janet McTeer.


      = Television

      =
      In season 5 episode 2, "Gently with Class" (2012), of the British television series Inspector George Gently, the song is performed by Ebony Buckle, playing the role of singer Ellen Mallam in that episode, singing it as "Matty Groves".


      Musical variants


      In 1943, the English composer Benjamin Britten used this folk song as the basis of a choral piece entitled "The Ballad of Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard".
      "The Big Musgrave", a parody by the Kipper Family, appears on their 1988 LP Fresh Yesterday. The hero in this version is called Big Fatty Groves.
      Frank Hayes created a talking blues version of Matty Groves called "Like a Lamb to the Slaughter," which won the 1994 Pegasus Award for "Best Risqué Song."
      "Maggie Gove", a parody by UK comedy folk-band The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican, appears on their 2022 album Rugh & Ryf. The anti-hero in this version is Margaret Gove, a folk-singer of traditional broadside ballads. The song features guest appearances from Dave Pegg and Dave Mattacks from Fairport Convention.


      See also


      The previous and next Child Ballads:

      "The Bonny Birdy"
      "Old Robin of Portingale"


      References




      External links


      "Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard". Francis James Child. traditionalmusic.co.uk
      "Matty Groves". Fairport Convention. celtic-lyrics.com.
      "Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard". sacred-texts.com
      "Mattie Groves". contemplator.com

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    Matty Groves - Wikipedia

    "Matty Groves", also known as "Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard" or "Little Musgrave", is a ballad probably originating in Northern England that describes an adulterous tryst between a young man and a noblewoman that is ended when the …

    Matty Groves by Fairport Convention - Songfacts

    "Matty Groves" is an English folk ballad. According to a report in the London Times of March 2, 1945, this song was specially written by the composer Benjamin Britten and dedicated to the musicians of the German POW camp Oflag VII B the previous year.

    Fairport Convention – Matty Groves Lyrics - Genius

    Matty Groves Lyrics: A holiday, a holiday / And the first one of the year / Lord Darnell's wife came into the church / The gospel for to hear / And when the meeting it was done / She...

    Joan Baez - Matty Groves (Lyrics) [HD] - YouTube

    Joan Baez sings 'Matty Groves' from her 1962 Vanguard album 'In Concert' which containes live recordings from her 1962 concert tours. The lyrics are in the video and below with comments about...

    Doc Watson – Matty Groves Lyrics - Genius

    Matty Groves Lyrics: Was on the high, high holy day, the very best day in the year / Little Matty Groves had gone to church, holy words for to hear, holy words for to hear / The...

    Songwriting Basics Section II – Analysis 29: Matty Groves

    Oct 9, 2019 · Matty Groves, aka Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard or just Little Musgrave, is a ballad, probably originating in Northern England, that describes an affair between a young man and a noble lady that ends badly when the woman’s husband – variously “Lord Darnell”, “Lord Barnard”, “Lord Daniel” et al. – finds out and kills them.

    Fairport Convention – Matty Groves (2012) Lyrics - Genius

    Matty Groves (2012) Lyrics: A holiday, a holiday / And the first one of the year / Lord Arnold's wife came into the church / And the gospel she did hear / And when the meeting it was done / She...

    Fairport Convention “Matty Groves” | The HOBBLEDEHOY

    Oct 22, 2017 · “Matty Groves” is a Border ballad probably originating in Northern England that describes an adulterous tryst between a man and a woman that is ended when the woman’s husband discovers and kills them.

    Fairport Convention - Matty Groves Lyrics | Lyrics.com

    Matty Groves Lyrics by Fairport Convention from the Gold album- including song video, artist biography, translations and more: A holiday, a holiday, and the first one of the year Lord Donald's wife came into the church, the gospel for to hear …

    Lyrics for Matty Groves by Fairport Convention - Songfacts

    "I'd rather a kiss from dead Matty's lips than you or your finery" Lord Donald he jumped up and loudly he did bawl He struck his wife right through the heart and pinned her against the wall