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      In Microsoft Windows applications programming, OLE Automation (later renamed to simply Automation) is an inter-process communication mechanism created by Microsoft. It is based on a subset of Component Object Model (COM) that was intended for use by scripting languages – originally Visual Basic – but now is used by several languages on Windows. All automation objects are required to implement the IDispatch interface. It provides an infrastructure whereby applications called automation controllers can access and manipulate (i.e. set properties of or call methods on) shared automation objects that are exported by other applications. It supersedes Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE), an older mechanism for applications to control one another. As with DDE, in OLE Automation the automation controller is the "client" and the application exporting the automation objects is the "server".
      Contrary to its name, automation objects do not necessarily use Microsoft OLE, although some Automation objects can be used in OLE environments. The confusion has its roots in Microsoft's earlier definition of OLE, which was previously more or less a synonym of COM.


      Advantages and limitations


      To ensure interoperability, automation interfaces are limited to use a subset of all COM types. Specifically, automation interfaces must use SAFEARRAY instead of raw COM arrays.
      Automation-compatible COM servers can, however, rely on the in-built OLE marshalling implementation. This avoids the need for additional proxy/stub projects for marshalling out-of-process.


      Usage


      Automation was designed with the ease of scripting in mind, so controllers often provide languages such as Visual Basic for Applications to end users, allowing them to control automation objects via scripts. Automation objects are often written in conventional languages such as C++, where C++ attributes can be used to simplify development, Languages such as Visual Basic and Borland Delphi also provides a convenient syntax for Automation which hides the complexity of the underlying implementation.


      = Type libraries

      =
      In order to automate an application, the developer of an automation controller must know the object model that is employed by the target application exporting activation objects. This requires that the developer of the target application publicly document its object model. Development of automation controllers without knowledge of the target application's object model is "difficult to impossible".
      Due to these complications, Automation components are usually provided with type libraries, which contain metadata about classes, interfaces and other features exposed by an object library. Interfaces are described in Microsoft Interface Definition Language. Type libraries can be viewed using various tools, such as the Microsoft OLE/COM Object Viewer (oleview.exe, part of the Microsoft Platform SDK) or the Object Browser in Visual Basic (up to version 6) and Visual Studio .NET. Type libraries are used to generate Proxy pattern/stub code for interoperating between COM and other platforms, such as Microsoft .NET and Java. For instance, the .NET Framework SDK includes tools that can generate a proxy .NET DLL to access Automation objects using both early binding (with information about interfaces extracted from a type library) and late binding (via IDispatch, mapped to the .NET Reflection API), with the built-in .NET-to-COM bridge called COM Interop. While Java lacks built-in COM support, toolsets like JACOB and jSegue can generate proxy source code (consisting of two parts, a set of Java classes and a C++ source for a Java Native Interface DLL) from type libraries. These solutions only work on Windows. Another Java based j-Interop library which enables interoperability with COM components without JNI, using DCOM wire protocol (MSRPC) and works on non-Windows platforms also.
      Microsoft has publicly documented the object model of all of the applications in Microsoft Office, and some other software developers have also documented the object models of their applications. Object models are presented to automation controllers as type libraries, with their interfaces described in ODL.


      = Language support

      =
      Automation is available for a variety of languages, including, but not limited to:


      See also


      ActiveX
      Active Scripting
      Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)
      Component Object Model (COM)


      References




      Further reading


      Microsoft Corporation (December 1993). OLE 2 Programmer's Reference: Creating Programmable Applications with OLE Automation v. 2. Programmer's Reference Library. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-1-55615-629-8.
      Kraig Brockschmidt (1995). Inside OLE. Microsoft Press.
      Microsoft Corporation (1996). OLE Automation Programmer's Reference. Programmer's Reference Library. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-1-55615-851-3.
      Microsoft Corporation (1999). Microsoft Office 2000 Visual Basic for Applications Language Reference. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-1-57231-955-4. — full printed documentation of the object model of Microsoft Office


      External links


      OLE Automation General paper on the introduction and problems implementing OLE.
      "VOLE - A Neat C++ COM/Automation Driver" — an open-source, compiler-independent C++ COM Automation driver library, for use when having to drive IDispatch directly. VOLE is highly robust, fully encapsulates all "low-level" aspects of IDispatch, and is very flexible, taking and returning normal C++ types.

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    How To Use Ole Automation To Automate Openoffice Ole Objects | PDF ...

    How To Use Ole Automation To Automate Openoffice Ole Objects | PDF ...

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    Using OLE Automation in Visual FoxPro | PDF | Class (Computer ...

    Using OLE Automation in Visual FoxPro | PDF | Class (Computer ...

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    OLE Automation - Wikipedia

    In Microsoft Windows applications programming, OLE Automation (later renamed to simply Automation [1] [2]) is an inter-process communication mechanism created by Microsoft.

    Ole Automation Procedures (server configuration option)

    May 25, 2023 · Learn about the Ole Automation Procedures option. See how it specifies whether SQL Server can instantiate OLE Automation objects within Transact-SQL batches.

    Understanding automation (VBA) | Microsoft Learn

    Mar 29, 2022 · Automation (formerly OLE Automation) is a feature of the Component Object Model (COM), an industry-standard technology that applications use to expose their objects to development tools, macro languages, and other applications that support Automation.

    Automation | Microsoft Learn

    Aug 2, 2021 · Automation (formerly known as OLE Automation) makes it possible for one application to manipulate objects implemented in another application, or to expose objects so they can be manipulated.

    Automation (OLE Automation) - NETWORK ENCYCLOPEDIA

    Sep 15, 2019 · What is OLE Automation? A Microsoft technology that enables applications to expose their functionality to other applications. Automation, formerly known as OLE Automation, is based on the Component Object Model (COM) and allows run-time binding of components.

    VBA Macros - OLE Automation - BetterSolutions.com

    Feb 3, 2025 · OLE Automation refers to Object Linking and Embedding. Automation (formerly OLE Automation) is a feature that programs use to expose their objects to development tools, macro languages, and other programs that support Automation.

    Accessing OLE and COM Objects from SQL Server using OLE Automation ...

    Aug 21, 2014 · You wish to access OLE or COM objects, such as file system objects (files, folders) and their properties directly from SQL Server. This might be, for example, to load data automatically from a raw data source; to check for the existence of a directory before exporting data; or to check file properties such as date modified and size to ensure ...

    How To Check If OLE Automation Procedures Are Enabled

    Dec 8, 2023 · By following these steps and considering the security implications, you can enable OLE Automation Procedures in SQL Server and leverage its capabilities for enhanced automation and integration within your applications.

    How to use OLE automation in Visio - Microsoft Support

    Automation (also called OLE automation) in Visual Basic is the process of controlling one program from another program or external development tool. You can automate any program that contains a Visual Basic object model.

    Automation | Microsoft Learn

    May 31, 2018 · Automation (formerly called OLE Automation) enables software packages to expose their unique features to scripting tools and other applications. Automation uses the Component Object Model (COM), but may be implemented independently from other OLE features, such as in-place activation.