7.135
7.444
6.3
8.246
6.536
6.9
6.101
6.526
7.1
6.333
6.4
7.258
6.9
7.211
8.09
Artikel: Outline of World War I GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi
- Source: Outline of World War I
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War I:
World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred on the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred on the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy). More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of great technological advances in firepower without corresponding advances in mobility. It was the sixth deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
World War I can be described as all of the following:
War
Total war
World war
World War I was further characterized by the following types of warfare:
Aerial warfare
Armoured warfare
Asymmetric warfare (in some cases)
Attrition warfare
Chemical warfare
Ground warfare
Modern warfare
Naval warfare
Submarine warfare
Antisubmarine warfare
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Trench warfare
= Long term influences leading to World War I
=
Cultural and strategic factors:
Imperialism
Militarism
Nationalism
Cult of the offensive – Considerations of the advantage of striking first.
Preventive war
Destabilizing of the European balance of power:
Balkanization
Tensions between Austria and Serbia
May Overthrow
Pig War
Bosnian crisis
Tensions between Russia and Austria
Campaign in and annexation of Bosnia by Austria-Hungary
First Balkan War
Second Balkan War
Tensions between France and Germany
Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) – brought the establishment of a powerful and dynamic Germany, causing what was seen as a displacement or unbalancing of power
Tensions between the United Kingdom and Germany
Naval arms race between the United Kingdom and the German Empire
Tensions between Italy and Austria
Annexation of Bosnia by Austria-Hungary
Web of alliances:
Diplomatic history of World War I
The Central Powers
Dual Alliance (Germany and Austria-Hungary)
Triple Alliance (1882) (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy)
The Allies
Franco-Russian Alliance (1894)
Entente Cordiale between France and the British
Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907
Triple Entente
Treaty of London, 1839, about the neutrality of Belgium
German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912
= Short term influences leading to World War I
=
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
July Crisis
British entry into World War I
French entry into World War I
German entry into World War I
Japanese entry into World War I
World War I was fought between the Allies and the Central Powers.
= The Central Powers (Triple Alliance)
=
German Empire
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
= The Allies (Triple Entente)
=
Main Allied countries
French Third Republic (including colonial forces)
United Kingdom (including colonial forces)
Russian Empire (until March 1917)
Russian Republic (March 1917 - November 1917)
Soviet Russia (November 1917 - March 1918)
Kingdom of Serbia
Kingdom of Italy (from May 1915) (including colonial forces)
Kingdom of Belgium (including colonial forces)
United States of America (after April 1917)
Other military allies
Other states that had military participation:
Kingdom of Montenegro
Empire of Japan
Portuguese Republic (March 1916 and after) (including Portuguese colonial forces)
Kingdom of Romania (August 1916 – May 1918, November 1918)
Kingdom of Greece (November 1916 for the Government of National Defence; June 1917 for the whole country)
Albania
Brazil (October 1917 and after)
Armenia (May 1918 and after)
Czechoslovakia – See Czechoslovak Legions
Finland (October 1918 and after)
Nepal (soldiers served under the British Indian Army)
Kingdom of Siam
San Marino (June 1915 and after)
Sweden (June 1914-early 1916) (1918)
Nominal Allies
States that declared war, but had no military involvement:
Andorra
Bolivia (April 1917 and after)
China (August 1917 and after)
Costa Rica (May 1918 and after)
Cuba (April 1917 and after)
Ecuador (December 1917 and after)
Guatemala (April 1918 and after)
Liberia (August 1917 and after)
Haiti (July 1918 and after)
Honduras (July 1918 and after)
Nicaragua (May 1918 and after)
Panama (December 1917 and after)
Peru (October 1917 and after)
Uruguay (October 1917 and after)
Conduct of the war
Allied declarations of war
British propaganda during World War I
Convoys in World War I
German occupation of Luxembourg in World War I
Roosevelt's World War I volunteers
Strategic bombing during World War I
German strategic bombing during World War I
World War I conscription in Australia
World War I naval arms race
United States Navy operations during World War I
Military engagements of World War I
= World War I theatres, fronts, and campaign
=
South Arabia during World War I
Western Front (World War I)
Eastern Front (World War I)
West Africa Campaign (World War I)
East African Campaign (World War I)
Italian Campaign (World War I)
Sinai and Palestine Campaign
Caucasus Campaign
Mesopotamian Campaign
Gallipoli Campaign
Attacks on North America during World War I
= Naval campaigns of World War I
=
Battle of the Atlantic (1914-1918)
Adriatic Campaign of World War I
Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign
Blockade of Germany
= Central Powers
=
Austria-Hungary during World War I
Hungary in World War I
Poland during World War I
Bulgaria during World War I
Germany during World War I
German East Africa during World War I
Poland during World War I
Ottoman Empire during World War I
Aliyah and yishuv during World War I
Armenia in World War I
Western Armenia
Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
Armenian notables deported from Constantinople in 1915
Armenian genocide
See also Armenian genocide recognition
Armenian resistance (1914–1918)
Administration for Western Armenia
Armenian irregular units
Armenian volunteer units
Armenian casualties during World War I
Seyfo
Greek genocide
Deportations of Kurds (1916–1934)
Prosecution of Ottoman war criminals after World War I
= Allies
=
Main allies
Serbia during World War I
France during World War I
Summary
French foreign policy and the outbreak of the First World War
French Army in World War I
French villages destroyed in the First World War
Russia during World War I – food shortages in the major urban centres, and poor morale due to lost battles and heavy losses sustained, brought about civil unrest which led to the February Revolution, the abdication of the Tsar, and the end of the Russian Empire.
Russian Revolution (1917) – end of Imperial Russia
February Revolution –
Russian Provisional Government –
October Revolution – beginning of the Soviet Union
Poland during World War I
Finland during World War I
Grand Duchy of Finland
Finnish Declaration of Independence
Ukraine during World War I
British Empire during World War I
United Kingdom during World War I
Australia during World War I
Australian women during World War I
India in World War I
Canada during World War I
Newfoundland during World War I
New Zealand in World War I
South Africa in World War I
South African Overseas Expeditionary Force
Southern Rhodesia in World War I
Hong Kong during World War I
Italy in World War I
United States in World War I
Puerto Ricans in World War I
Other allies
Albania during World War I
Brazil during World War I
Czechoslovaks in World War I
Czechoslovak Legions
Greece during World War I
Japan during World War I
Montenegro during World War I
Nepal during World War I
Portugal during World War I
Romania during World War I
Siam during World War I
San Marino during World War I
Nominal allies
Andorra during World War I
Bolivia during World War I
China during World War I
Costa Rica during World War I
Cuba during World War I
Ecuador during World War I
Guatemala during World War I
Liberia during World War I
Haiti during World War I
Honduras during World War I
Panama during World War I
Peru during World War I
Uruguay during World War I
= World War I impact on neutral countries
=
Norway in World War I
Espionage in Norway during World War I
Mexico in World War I
Ireland and World War I
Montserrat in World War I
Spain in World War I
Switzerland during the World Wars
Vietnam during World War I
Afghanistan – received a German diplomatic mission trying to convince it to act against the British in India
Argentina – Ally to US by treaty (see ABC countries for more information)
Bhutan
Chile – Ally to US by treaty (see ABC countries for more information)
Colombia
Denmark – Traded with both sides.
El Salvador
Ethiopian Empire – received a German diplomatic mission trying to convince it to act against the British in Africa
Liechtenstein – Had a customs and monetary union with Austria-Hungary.
Luxembourg – Never declared war on the Central Powers despite being invaded and occupied by Germany.
Mongolia -
Mexico- Declined an alliance with Germany (see Zimmermann Telegram). An ally to the United States by treaty (see ABC countries).
Netherlands – An ally of the United Kingdom by treaty. Traded with both sides.
Norway – Gave naval assistance to the United Kingdom.
Paraguay
Persia – Occupied by British and Russian troops.
Spain – Also treaty bound ally to the United Kingdom.
Sweden during World War I – Financially supported Germany.
Switzerland – Switzerland did declare a "state of siege".
Venezuela – Supplied the Allies with oil.
=
Allied leaders of World War I
Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I
Military forces of World War I
= Allies
=
List of formations of the United States Army during World War I
List of American aero squadrons
List of Australian divisions in World War I
List of British armies in World War I
List of British corps in World War I
List of British divisions in World War I
British Land Units of the First World War
Royal Flying Corps
List of Canadian divisions in World War I
List of French armies in World War I
List of Indian divisions in World War I
List of Italian armies in World War I
Imperial Russian Army formations and units (1914)
List of Russian armies in World War I
Royal Serbian Army
= Central powers
=
Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces
Austro-Hungarian Army
Austro-Hungarian Navy
Austro-Hungarian Air Force
Military of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Army
Ottoman Navy
Ottoman Air Force
Imperial German Army
Field armies of Germany in World War I
List of Imperial German infantry regiments
Luftstreitkräfte
Schutztruppe
Imperial German Navy
Seebataillon
Technology during World War I
=
Vehicles of World War I
List of military aircraft of Central Powers in WWI
List of military aircraft of Entente Powers in WWI
List of aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps
List of aircraft of the Royal Naval Air Service
List of military aircraft of Germany
Weapons of World War I
List of infantry weapons of World War I
British Army uniform and equipment in World War I
Chemical weapons in World War I
List of German weapons of World War I
Romanian military equipment of World War I
Common military awards
= Russian Empire
=
Cross of St. George
Order of St. George
Order of Saint Vladimir
Order of Saint Anna
= United States
=
United States service medals of the World Wars
American Campaign Medal
Air Medal
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
Bronze Star
Distinguished Flying Cross
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
Medal of Honor
Silver Star
World War I Victory Medal
= British Empire
=
Air Force Cross, from June 1918
Distinguished Flying Cross
Military Cross
Military Medal
Order of the Bath
Order of the British Empire
Victoria Cross
1914 Star
= France and Belgium
=
Commemorative war medal
Croix de Guerre
Dardanelles campaign medal
Orient campaign medal
= Imperial Germany
=
House Order of Hohenzollern
Iron Cross
Order of the Red Eagle
Pour le Mérite also known as the "Blue Max"
= Kingdom of Serbia
=
Order of Karađorđe's Star
= Austria-Hungary
=
Military Order of Maria Theresa
Military Merit Cross
War Crimes
The First World War saw many instances of war crimes being committed by both the Allied and Central powers:
= Geoncides
=
Armenian genocide
Greek genocide
= Massacres
=
Massacres of Albanians in World War I
Rape of Belgium
Siege of Tsingtao
Štip massacre
Surafend massacre
Surdulica massacre
= Terrorism
=
List of German-sponsored acts of terrorism during World War I
= Mistreatment of civilians
=
Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby
Turnip Winter
Armistice of Salonica (September 29, 1918) - surrender of Bulgaria
Armistice of Mudros (October 30, 1918) – surrender of the Ottoman Empire
Armistice of Villa Giusti (November 3, 1918) – surrender of Austria-Hungary
Armistice with Germany (November 11, 1918) – surrender of Germany
World War I reparations
Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire into several successor states:
Czechoslovakia
Yugoslavia
First Republic of Austria
Hungarian Democratic Republic
Second Polish Republic
Cession by Austria-Hungary of Transylvania and Bukovina to Romania.
Cession by Austria-Hungary of the southern half of the County of Tyrol and Trieste to Italy
Establishment of the First Republic of Armenia
Further Balkanization
World War II
World War I was one of the main causes of World War II
List of books about World War I
List of World War I films
World War I in literature
World War I in popular culture
= Non-fiction
=
Germany's Aims in the First World War
= Fiction
=
Fiction based on World War I
World War I reenactment
WWI memorials
World War I Memorial (Berwick, Pennsylvania)
World War I Memorial (Atlantic City, New Jersey)
World War I Memorial (East Providence, Rhode Island)
WWI veterans
See also
Timeline of World War I
Opposition to World War I
Outline of war
Outline of World War II
Notes
References
= Sources
=
Bade, Klaus J.; Brown, Allison (tr.) (2003). Migration in European History. The making of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-18939-8. OCLC 52695573. (translated from the German)
Keegan, John (1998). The First World War. Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-09-180178-6.
Willmott, H.P. (2003). World War I. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-0-7894-9627-0. OCLC 52541937.
Further reading
Bond, Brian. "The First World War" in C. L. Mowat, ed. The New Cambridge Modern History: Vol. XII: The Shifting Balance of World Forces 1898-1945 (2nd ed. 1968) online pp 171–208.
External links
The War to End All Wars on BBC
WWI Service Questionnaires at Gettysburg College
A multimedia history of World War I
The Heritage of the Great War, Netherlands
Collection of World War I Color Photographs
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and the First World War
World War I : Soldiers Remembered Presented by the Washington State Library and Washington State Archives
The World War I Document Archive Wiki
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