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A plank road is a road composed of wooden planks or puncheon logs, as an efficient technology for traversing soft, marshy, or otherwise difficult ground. Plank roads have been built since antiquity, and were commonly found in the Canadian province of Ontario as well as the Northeast and Midwest of the United States in the first half of the 19th century. They were often built by turnpike companies.
Origins
The Wittmoor bog trackway is the name given to each of two historic plank roads or boardwalks, trackway No. I being discovered in 1898 and trackway No. II in 1904 in the Wittmoor bog in northern Hamburg, Germany. The trackways date to the 4th and 7th century AD, both linked the eastern and western shores of the formerly inaccessible, swampy bog. A part of the older trackway No. II dating to the period of the Roman Empire is on display at the permanent exhibition of the Archaeological Museum Hamburg in Harburg, Hamburg.
This type of plank road is known to have been used as early as 4,000 BC with, for example, the Post Track found in the Somerset levels near Glastonbury, England. This type of road was also constructed in Roman times.
In North America
From the mid-1840s and to mid 1850s, the United States experienced the Plank Road Boom and a subsequent bust. The first plank road in the US was built in North Syracuse, New York, to transport salt and other goods; it appears to have copied earlier roads in Canada, which had copied Russian ones. The plank road boom, like many other early technologies, promised to transform the way people lived and worked and led to permissive changes in legislation seeking to spur development, speculative investment by private individuals, etc. Ultimately, the technology failed to live up to its promise, and millions of dollars in investments evaporated almost overnight.
Three plank roads, the Hackensack, the Paterson, and the Newark, were major arteries in northern New Jersey. The roads travelled over the New Jersey Meadowlands, connecting the cities for which they were named to the Hudson River waterfront.
U.S. Route 1 in Virginia follows the Boydton Plank Road from Petersburg southwards to just north of the North Carolina line.
On the U.S. West Coast the Canyon Road of Portland, Oregon was another important but short artery and was built between 1851 and 1856.
Kingston Road (Toronto) (Governor's Road) and Danforth Avenue, in Toronto, were plank roads built by the Don and Danforth Plank Road Company in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries. Highway 2 from Toronto eastwards was a plank road in the 19th century that was later paved. In 1833 Scarborough-Markham Plank Road was authorized to build a road from Danforth Road to Highway 7 to Ringwood and east on Stouffville Road to Main Street Stouffville.
Plank roads are used exclusively in the Canadian fishing outport of Harrington Harbour, Quebec because the town is built directly over a hilly, rocky shore. ATVs are the only mode of transportation there.
In Australia
In Perth, Western Australia, plank roads were important in the early growth of the agricultural and outer urban areas because of the distances imposed by swamps and the relatively-infertile soil. As it cost ÂŁ2,000/km to construct roads by conventional means, the local councils, known as road boards, were experimenting with cheaper approaches to road building. A method called Jandakot Corduroy had been developed at Jandakot south-east of Perth: a jarrah tramway lay upon 2.3-metre-long (7.5 ft) sleepers, bounded by two 70-centimetre-wide (28 in) strips of jarrah planks for cart and carriage wheels. The 90-centimetre (35 in) gap was filled with limestone rubble to be used by horses. This reduced the cost of road building by up to 85% after its widespread introduction in 1908. However, increased traffic and suburban development rendered the routes unsatisfactory over time, and by the 1950s, they had been replaced with bitumen surfaced roads.
See also
Board track racing
Boardwalk
Corduroy road
Duckboards
Gallery road
Historic roads and trails
Marston Mat - a 20th-century equivalent for airport runways
Old Plank Road (California)
Old Plank Road Trail
Sweet Track and Post Track
List of plank roads in New York
References
External links
The short film Military Roads (1943) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
The Plank Road Craze - Background Reading
Puncheon & corduroy roads
Longfellow, Rickie. "Back in Time: Plank Roads". Highway History, Federal Highway Administration.
Types of roads
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A plank road is a road composed of wooden planks or puncheon logs, as an efficient technology for traversing soft, marshy, or otherwise difficult ground.
Plank Road Plate and Pour in De Pere, WI that serves your classic bar faves, a cold beer or mixed drink, and a variety of events/shows. So stop in!
30 Jun 2023 · A plank road was built in 1915 in Imperial County, California, as a way of crossing the from Southern California to Arizona. However, during high winds, sand blew onto parts of …
26 Sep 2024 · The plank road, a seemingly ancient relic of transportation history, holds a significant place in the development of modern infrastructure. Originating in the early 19th …
The Plank Road Boom was an economic boom in the United States that lasted from 1844 to the mid 1850s, largely in the Eastern United States and New York.
4 days ago · “P” is for Plank Roads. Plank roads enjoyed a brief popularity in the early 1850s, touted as an inexpensive means of improving short distance travel. Thick planks were laid …
Designed by Marvel architects, Plank Road is situated on the southeast corner of Sixth Avenue and Pacific Street, between Pacific and Dean Street in Prospect Heights, Brooklyn. It is in …
Planks were laid down parallel with the dirt road. Then, longer and thicker planks were placed on top across the base planks. The edges of these planks were covered with dirt to keep them in …
15 Jul 2021 · One of the most innovative aids to the transport of goods in the early pioneer days between Watertown and Milwaukee was the creation of the Plank Road, a wooden highway …
Picture yourself back in 1918 trying to cross the burning desert of Imperial County. You reach the treacherous Imperial Sand Dunes and face the challenge of a seamless ocean of sand. With …
