retinyl palmitate

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    Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid, with formula C36H60O2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals.
    An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen.
    In 2021, vitamin A was the 298th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 500,000 prescriptions.


    Biology


    Animals use long-chain esters of vitamin A, most abundantly the palmitate form, as a form of vitamin A storage. The storage reaction is catalyzed by LRAT, and the inverse is catalyzed by REH. The esters are also intermediates in the visual cycle: RPE65 isomerizes the retinyl part to 11-cis-retinal.


    Uses


    Vitamin A palmitate is a common vitamin supplement, available in both oral and injectable forms for treatment of vitamin A deficiency, under the brand names Aquasol A, Palmitate A and many others. It is a constituent of intra ocular treatment for dry eyes at a concentration of 138 μg/g (VitA-Pos) by Ursapharm. It is a pre-formed version of vitamin A; therefore, the intake should not exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Overdosing preformed Vitamin A forms such as retinyl palmitate leads to adverse physiological reactions (hypervitaminosis A).
    Retinyl palmitate is used as a source of vitamin A added to low fat milk and other dairy products to replace the vitamin content lost through the removal of milk fat. Palmitate is attached to the alcohol form of vitamin A, retinol, in order to make vitamin A stable in milk.
    Retinyl palmitate is also a constituent of some topically applied skin care products. After its absorption into the skin, retinyl palmitate is converted to retinol, and ultimately to retinoic acid (the active form of vitamin A present in Retin-A), though neither its skin absorption nor its conversion is very effective.


    Carcinogenicity controversy


    New York Senator Chuck Schumer has called attention to the fact that high doses of topical retinyl palmitate were shown to accelerate cancer in lab animals, fueling the sunscreen controversy in the popular press. One toxicological analysis determined that "there is no convincing evidence to support the notion that [retinyl palmitate] in sunscreens is carcinogenic." A technical report issued thereafter by the National Toxicology Program concluded that diisopropyl adipate increased incidence of skin tumors in mice, and the addition of either retinoic acid or retinyl palmitate both exacerbated the rate and frequency of tumors.


    Teratogenicity


    World Health Organization recommendation on Maternal Supplementation During Pregnancy states that "health benefits are expected for the mother and her developing fetus with little risk of detriment to either, from a daily supplement not exceeding 10,000 IU [preformed] vitamin A (3000 μg RE) at any time during pregnancy." Preformed Vitamin A refers to retinyl palmitate and retinyl acetate.


    See also


    Vitamin A
    Retinyl acetate
    Vitamin supplement


    References

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retinyl palmitate

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Retinyl Palmitate: What It Is, Benefits, Uses, Safety - Derm …

Nov 25, 2019 · Retinyl palmitate is a retinoid that provides a range of skin care benefits. It is used as a first-line treatment for acne and addresses signs of aging by increasing collagen production. As topical retinoids are known to increase sun sensitivity, sun …

Retinyl palmitate - Wikipedia

Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid, with formula C 36 H 60 O 2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals. [2] An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen. [citation needed]

Vitamin A Palmitate: How it Compares to Vitamin A, and Benefits

Sep 26, 2018 · Vitamin A palmitate is a form of vitamin A. It’s found in animal products, such as liver, eggs, and cheese. It’s also called preformed vitamin A and retinyl palmitate.

Benefits and Risks of Retinyl Palmitate From Vitamin A - Verywell …

Oct 30, 2024 · Vitamin A palmitate, also known as retinyl palmitate, is a synthetic form of vitamin A commonly used in skin care, supplements, and fortified foods. It offers many health benefits, such as supporting healthy skin, eyesight, and the immune system.

Retinyl Palmitate: Is It Worth It? What’s The Difference Between ...

Retinyl palmitate is a type of retinoid that is used in skincare products due to its ability to improve visible signs of aging, hyperpigmentation, and support the treatment of acne. Retinoids are a class of ingredients that have demonstrated benefits to the appearance of the skin.

Retinyl Palmitate Is a Retinol Alternative: How to Use It - Byrdie

Oct 31, 2023 · Anti-aging skin care can be aggressive, but thankfully, there are gentle ingredients such as retinyl palmitate that are equally as effective as they are tolerable. Here, dermatologists share how this form of vitamin A works, how to use it, and what to be careful of.

What is the Difference Between Retinol and Retinyl Palmitate

Oct 22, 2023 · The main difference between retinol and retinyl palmitate is that retinol is the natural form of vitamin A found in animal products, whereas retinyl palmitate is a synthetic ester of retinol and palmitic acid.

Retinyl Palmitate in Skin Care: What It Is and Is It Safe

Nov 22, 2023 · Retinyl palmitate is a combination of retinol (pure vitamin A) and the fatty acid palmitic acid. Research has shown it to be an effective antioxidant when applied to skin.

Retinyl Palmitate Is the Gentler Alternative to Retinol - InStyle

May 20, 2024 · Retinyl palmitate is a gentle yet effective anti-aging skincare ingredient. Experts share the retinoid's benefits and how it differs from retinol, inside.

Demystifying Retinyl Palmitate: Your Ultimate Guide

Dec 5, 2023 · Retinyl Palmitate works by converting into retinol (an active form of vitamin A) when applied to the skin. The retinol then stimulates the production of new skin cells and collagen, resulting in smoother, younger-looking skin.