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      Florian (Latin: Florianus; AD 250 – c. 304) was a Christian holy man and the patron saint of chimney sweeps; soapmakers, and firefighters. His feast day is 4 May. Florian is also the patron saint of Poland, the city of Linz, Austria, and Upper Austria, jointly with Leopold III, Margrave of Austria.


      Life


      Florian was born around AD 250 in the ancient Roman city of Aelium Cetium, present-day Sankt Pölten, Austria. He joined the Roman Army and advanced in the ranks, rising to commander of the imperial army in the Roman province of Noricum. In addition to his military duties, he was also responsible for organizing and leading firefighting brigades. Florian organized and trained an elite group of soldiers whose sole duty was to fight fires.
      During the Diocletianic Persecution of Christians, reports reached Rome that Florian was not enforcing the proscriptions against Christians in his territory. Aquilinus was sent to investigate these reports. When Aquilinus ordered Florian to offer sacrifice to the Roman gods in accordance with Roman religion, Florian refused. Florian was sentenced to be burned at the stake. Standing on the funeral pyre, Florian is reputed to have challenged the Roman soldiers to light the fire, saying "If you wish to know that I am not afraid of your torture, light the fire, and in the name of the Lord I will climb onto it." Apprehensive of his words, the soldiers did not burn Florian, but executed him by drowning him in the Enns River with a millstone tied around his neck instead.
      His body was later retrieved by Christians and buried at an Augustinian monastery near Lorch. Later a woman named Valeria had a vision in which she saw him; Florian, in this vision, declared his intent to be buried in a more appropriate location.


      Veneration


      Florian is very widely venerated in Central Europe. His feast day is 4 May. The Austrian town of Sankt Florian is named after him. According to legend, his body was interred at St. Florian Monastery, around which the town grew up.
      Florian was adopted as patron saint of Poland in 1184, when Pope Lucius III consented to the request of Prince Casimir II to send relics of Florian to that country. Kraków thus claims some of his relics.
      A statue of Florian by Josef Josephu was unveiled in Vienna in 1935. It stood at the main firehouse of Vienna, in the city's main square, Am Hof. After the firehouse was bombed in 1945 during World War II the statue was moved on to the Fire Brigade Museum (Wiener Feuerwehrmuseum).
      Seeking the sponsorship of a helpful saint was and still is a part of the namegiving practice in Catholic areas. In the southern, Catholic, parts of the German Empire (mainly present Bavaria and Austria), peasants regularly have used the name, Florian, as one of the given names for at least one of their male children: to secure the saint's patronage against fire. Hence the given name is still widespread in these areas.
      St Florian was also celebrated in Hungary.
      Two statues celebrating Saint Vendel and Saint Florian are in a small square in Zalavar village. They sit on separate similar plinths next to each other. (This arrangement and the style of the statues appears to be in the period 1900-1930.
      The statues are not outside the village churches. (Many villages in west Hungary have two christian churches - catholic and protestant.)
      Before 1920 german was the dominant language in hundreds of villages in Hungary, although Zalavar appears to be not in the main german speaking areas.
      A Zalavar monument listing people who died in World Wars 1 & 2 has two or three names of german origin. Zalavar cemetery has very few graves displaying names of german origin. I
      In oldest section of the cemetery furthest from the road most graves have no headstone.)


      = Patronage

      =
      Florian is a patron saint of Upper Austria and Poland; also firefighters, chimneysweeps, and brewers. Florian is associated with brewers because of a legendary incident in which he miraculously stopped a fire with a single pitcher of water. That is why he is often depicted holding a pitcher. Florian is also the patron of chimney sweeps, Austria, Poland and soap boilers.
      Florian is invoked against fires, floods, lightning, and the pains of Purgatory.
      A famous St. Florian's Church is located in Kraków, Poland. His veneration has been particularly intense since 1528, when a fire burned the neighborhood without destroying the church.


      In contemporary culture


      The "Florian Principle" (known in German language areas as "Sankt-Florians-Prinzip") is named after a somewhat ironic prayer to Saint Florian: "O heiliger Sankt Florian, verschon' mein Haus, zünd' and're an," equivalent to "O Holy St. Florian, please spare my house, set fire to another one". This saying is used in German much like the English "not in my back yard", when the speaker wants to point out that some person tries to get out of an unpleasant situation by an action that will put others in that very same situation.
      In Austria and Germany, "Florian" is the call sign for fire engines.
      The protagonist in Felix Salten's novel Florian: The Emperor’s Stallion was named after Florian, as the animal was born on 4 May 1901 in Lipizza, Austria.
      Alfred Schnittke's Symphony No. 2, is subtitled "St. Florian".
      In multiple cities across Slovakia, streets are named after Saint Florian, often in correlation with local fire departments. Florian Street (Floriánska ulica) occurs in historic boroughs of major cities: currently in Košice (Staré Mesto) and also formerly in Bratislava (Staré Mesto).


      Gallery





































      See also


      St. Florian's Church in Kraków, the resting place of St. Florian's relics


      References




      External links



      Delehaye, Hippolyte (1911). "Florian, Saint" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). p. 539.
      Catholic Online article
      The Cult of St. Florian (with primary sources)
      St. Florian's Abbey in Austria
      Saint Florian the patron saint of the fire service
      Saints of Suds
      Firefighter's Cross symbols on historic firefighting objects, Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database
      Saint Florian at the Christian Iconography web site
      / "The Myth of the 'Maltese' Cross in the American Fire Service"

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    Saint Florian - Wikipedia

    Florian (Latin: Florianus; AD 250 – c. 304) was a Christian holy man and the patron saint of chimney sweeps; soapmakers, and firefighters. His feast day is 4 May. Florian is also the patron saint of Poland, the city of Linz, Austria, and Upper Austria, jointly with Leopold III, …

    The Patron Saint of Firefighters – The Story Behind St Florian

    Jun 22, 2020 · St. Florian is most notably the patron saint of firefighters, a protector against the dangers of water (including drowning and flooding), beer brewers, chimney sweeps, and soap makers. He is also patron saint of Upper Austria, including its capital city Linz, and of Poland.

    St. Florian - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online

    The St. Florian commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on May 4th, was an officer of the Roman army, who occupied a high administrative post in Noricum, now part of Austria, and who suffered death for the Faith in the days of Diocletian. His legendary 'Acts' state that he gave himself up at Lorch to ...

    St. Florian - Saint of the Day

    Saint Florian, whose legendary tale has been passed down through the centuries, is believed to have lived during the early 4th century. While the exact dates of his life remain uncertain, his legacy has persevered through the ages, making him an emblem of courage and protection.

    Why is St. Florian the patron saint of firefighters? - Aleteia

    Sep 17, 2020 · St. Florian was a Roman solider in the 3rd century who was reportedly in charge of a special group of firefighting soldiers. This fact is difficult to trace, but what appears to be more...

    A Prayer to St. Florian, Patron Saint of Firefighters - The ...

    May 3, 2017 · Florian is the patron saint of firefighters, chimney-sweeps, brewers, drowning victims, and of Austria and Poland. He is often invoked when in danger of floods, fires, and battles. St. Florian's feast day is May 4th. St. Florian, pray for us!

    Saint Florian – Saint Florian Roman Catholic Church

    We the parishioners at Saint Florian Roman Catholic Parish, while preserving elements of our Polish heritage, serve Americans and immigrants of many ethnic backgrounds through prayer, example and good works.

    About St. Florian - Patron Saint Article - Catholic Saint Medals

    St. Florian is the patron saint of firefighters, protection from fire, chimneysweeps, against drowning, and against water damage, as well as Linz, Austria and the country of Poland. St. Florian is most widely known as the patron saint of firefighters, though, throughout the world.

    Florian - Catholic Saints Day

    Saint Florian was a 3rd-century commander of the Roman army and is remembered as a martyr and a patron saint of firefighters in the Catholic Church. Though his veneration spread throughout Central Europe, he is not particularly associated with Russia.

    Saint Florian - uCatholic

    May 4, 2024 · The Saint Florian commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on May 4th, was an officer of the Roman army, who occupied a high administrative post in Noricum, now part of Austria, and who suffered death for the Faith in the days of Diocletian.