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    STS-1 adalah misi pertama dari Program Pesawat Ulang Alik Amerika Serikat. Misi yang menggunakan Pesawat Ulang Alik Columbia ini diluncurkan pada 12 April 1981 dan mendarat di Pangkalan Angkatan Udara Edwards pada 14 April 1981. Penerbangan ini diterbangkan oleh dua orang kru, John W. Young dan Robert L. Crippen. Peluncuran Pesawat Ulang Alik ini sempat ditunda karena permasalahan teknis.


    Awak misi



    Young dan Crippen terpilih menjadi kru STS-1 pada Maret 1978. Young merupakan astronaut NASA paling berpengalaman pada waktu itu. Young menjadi kru pada dua misi Gemini, dua misi Apollo, dan melakukan pendaratan di Bulan pada 1972 sebagai komandan misi Apollo 16. Misi ini merupakan penerbangan pertama bagi Crippen yang bergabung dengan NASA pada 1969.


    = Kru cadangan

    =


    = Kru pendukung

    =
    Daniel C. Brandenstein (ascent CAPCOM)
    Henry W. Hartsfield
    Joseph P. Allen (entry CAPCOM)


    Parameter misi


    Massa:
    Orbiter liftoff: 219.256 pon (99.453 kg)
    Orbiter landing: 195.466 pon (88.662 kg)
    DFI payload: 10.822 pon (4.909 kg)
    Periapsis: 132,7 mil laut (246 km)
    Apsis: 148 mil laut (274 km)
    Inklinasi: 40,3°
    Periode orbit: 89,4 menit


    Rencana penerbangan suborbital


    Pada tahap perencanaan, NASA merasa perlu untuk melakukan uji coba sistem. NASA menyarankan misi STS-1 sebagai uji coba skenario pembatalan peluncuran Return to Launch Site (RTLS). Namun, usulan NASA ini ditolak oleh Young, karena sangat berbahaya.


    Misi


    Misi ini meluncur pada 12 April 1981, tepat 20 tahun setelah Yuri Gagarin menjadi manusia pertama yang terbang ke luar angkasa. Pesawat Ulang Alik Columbia, yang diterbangkan oleh John W. Young dan Robert L. Crippen meluncur dari Pad A, Kompleks Peluncuran 39, Kennedy Space Center. Percobaan peluncuran dua hari sebelumnya ditunda karena permasalahan pada komputer di Pesawat Ulang Alik Columbia.
    Tujuan misi ini adalah peluncuran dan pendaratan Pesawat Ulang Alik yang aman bagi awak dan pesawat. Muatan yang dibawa misi ini adalah paket Development Flight Instrumentation (DFI) yang memuat sensor dan alat pengukur untuk mengukur kemampuan Pesawat Ulang Alik.


    Lencana Misi


    Lencana misi didesain oleh Robert McCall. Lencana tersebut merupakan representasi simbolis Pesawat Ulang Alik.


    Tangki Eksternal


    Hanya pada misi STS-1 dan STS-2 yang menggunakan tangki eksternal yang dicat berwarna putih. Misi STS-3 dan seterusnya menggunakan tangki eksternal yang tidak dicat. Penggunaan cat pada tangki eksternal menambah beban sebesar 272 kilogram.


    Galeri

































    Referensi

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STS-1 - Wikipedia

STS-1 (Space Transportation System-1) was the first orbital spaceflight of NASA's Space Shuttle program. The first orbiter, Columbia, launched on April 12, 1981, [1] and returned on April 14, 1981, 54.5 hours later, having orbited the Earth 37 times. Columbia carried a crew of two—commander John W. Young and pilot Robert L. Crippen.

STS-1 - NASA

Jul 7, 2023 · Demonstrate safe launch into orbit and safe return of the orbiter and crew. Verify the combined performance of the entire shuttle vehicle – orbiter, solid rocket boosters and external tank.

The Space Shuttle's First Flight: STS-1 - NASA

The first mission of the space transport system (STS-1) or Space Shuttle, flew on April 12, 1981, ending a long hiatus in American space flight. The last Apollo lunar mission flew in December 1972, and the joint American Russian Apollo-Soyuz Earth orbital mission closed in July 1975.

the flight of sts-1 - NASA

On 12 April 1981, the Space Shuttle orbiter Columbia lifted off from its pad at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on the STS-1 mission. The orbiter is only one part of the Space Transportation System (STS), more commonly known simply as the Space Shuttle.

Spaceflight mission report: STS-1

STS-1 was the first test-flight of what was, at the time, the most complex spacecraft ever built. Numerous anomalies were observed during and after the flight, owing to the many components and systems that could not otherwise be adequately tested.

40 years since the first space shuttle mission, STS-1 - Astronomy …

Apr 12, 2021 · The first mission of the Space Shuttle Program, STS-1, blasts off from launch pad 39A on April 12, 1981, attempting to kick off a new era of rapid access to space.

STS-1 Fact Sheet - Spaceline

STS-1 Fact Sheet. By Cliff Lethbridge. STS-1 — Columbia. 1st Space Shuttle Mission. 1st Flight of Columbia. Crew: John W. Young, Commander. Robert L. Crippen, Pilot. Backup Crew: Joseph H. Engle, Commander. Richard H. Truly, Pilot. Orbiter Preparations: Tow to Orbiter Processing Facility – March 25, 1979. Rollover to Vehicle Assembly ...

STS-1 : NASA : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Dec 31, 2014 · The item "STS-001.zip" contains air-to-ground of the entire mission, and was archived from the original 56 track recorders. Digitized, cataloged and archived by the Houston Audio Control Room, at the NASA Johnson Space Center.

STS-1: SPACE SHUTTLE - A REMARKABLE FLYING MACHINE (1981) - YouTube

Sep 8, 2017 · 1st Space Shuttle mission (STS-1) historical documentary Remastered at 24fps HD with mild noise reduction (sound and image) and color correction. Retains the vintage analog look and original...

Tough Transitions: STS-1 Pre-Launch Accident - NASA

Oct 3, 2011 · March 19 1981: As ground crews worked to prepare for Space Shuttle Columbia’s maiden voyage, a group of technicians collapse inside Columbia’s aft service compartment following a countdown demonstration test. Nitrogen exposure would claim three of …