United States enterprise law GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      United States enterprise law is the body of law concerning networks, platforms, utilities, public services (also NPU law) and the regulation of other enterprises or business entities. It is based on federal statutes, state statutes, and case law, that seek to guarantee human rights, particularly economic and social rights.


      History


      Second Bill of Rights
      Regulation
      Nationalization
      Privatization
      History of US antitrust law


      Administrative and general laws


      The regulation of enterprise is subject to a range of federal and state rules that constitute the economy. First, principles of judicial review set the rules for all bodies exercising public authority


      = Administrative law

      =

      Judicial review


      = Corporate and bankruptcy laws

      =

      Delaware General Corporation Law
      New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual
      Securities and Exchange Act of 1934
      Securities Act of 1933
      Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
      Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978


      = Labor and employment laws

      =

      National Labor Relations Act of 1935
      Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
      Equal Pay Act of 1963
      Civil Rights Act of 1964
      WARN Act of 1988


      = Antitrust and consumer protection

      =

      Sherman Act of 1890
      Clayton Act of 1914


      Networks and public services




      = Education

      =

      1965: Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
      1965: Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) (Pub. L. No. 89-329)
      1974: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
      1974: Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 (EEOA)
      1975: Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) (Pub. L. No. 94-142)
      1978: Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment
      1980: Department of Education Organization Act (Pub. L. No. 96-88)
      1984: Equal Access Act
      1990: The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (Clery Act)
      1994: Improving America's Schools Act of 1994
      2001: No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
      2004: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
      2005: Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (HERA) (Pub. L. No. 109-171)
      2006: Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act
      2007: America COMPETES Act
      2008: Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) (Pub. L. No. 110-315)
      2009: Race to the Top
      2009: Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act
      2010: Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010
      Category:United States education case law


      = Health

      =

      Department of Health
      1946: Hospital Survey and Construction Act (Hill-Burton Act) PL 79-725
      1949: Hospital Construction Act PL 81-380
      1950: Public Health Services Act Amendments PL 81-692
      1955: Poliomyelitis Vaccination Assistance Act PL 84-377
      1956: Health Research Facilities Act PL 84-835
      1960: Social Security Amendments (Kerr-Mill aid) PL 86-778
      1961: Community Health Services and Facilities Act PL 87-395
      1962: Public Health Service Act PL 87-838
      1962: Vaccination Assistance PL 87-868
      1963: Mental Retardation Facilities Construction Act/Community Mental Health Centers Act PL 88-164
      1964: Nurse Training Act PL 88-581
      1965: Community Health Services and Facilities Act PL 89-109
      1965: Medicare PL 89-97
      1965: Mental Health Centers Act Amendments PL 89-105
      1965: Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments PL 89-239
      1966: Comprehensive Health Planning and Service Act PL 89-749
      1970: Community Mental Health Service Act PL 91-211
      1970: Family Planning Services and Population Research Act PL 91-572
      1970: Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act PL 91-695
      1971: National Cancer Act PL 92-218
      1974: Research on Aging Act PL 93-296
      1974: National Health Planning and Resources Development Act PL 93-641
      1979: Department of Education Organization Act (removed education functions) PL 96-88
      1987: Department of Transportation Appropriations Act PL 100-202
      1988: Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act PL 100-360
      1989: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act PL 101-164
      1996: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act PL 104-191
      2000: Child Abuse Reform and Enforcement Act P.L. 106-177
      2010: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act PL 111-148


      = Oil, gas and coal

      =

      Coal mining in the United States
      Coal power in the United States
      Deepwater Horizon litigation
      Petroleum in the United States
      Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011
      Protecting our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety (PIPES) Act of 2016


      = Energy

      =

      1920 – Federal Power Act
      Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, repealed
      1946 – Atomic Energy Act PL 79-585 (created the Atomic Energy Commission)
      1954 – Atomic Energy Act Amendments PL 83-703
      1956 – Colorado River Storage Project PL 84-485
      1957 – Atomic Energy Commission Acquisition of Property PL 85-162
      1957 – Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act PL 85-256
      1968 – Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act PL 90-481
      1973 – Mineral Leasing Act Amendments (Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline Authorization) PL 93-153
      1974 – Energy Reorganization Act PL 93-438 (Split the AEC into the Energy Research and Development Administration and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission)
      1975 – Energy Policy and Conservation Act PL 94-163
      1977 – Department of Energy Organization Act PL 95-91 (Dismantled ERDA and replaced it with the Department of Energy)
      1978 – National Energy Act PL 95-617, 618, 619, 620, 621
      1980 – Energy Security Act PL 96-294
      1989 – Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act PL 101-60
      1992 – Energy Policy Act of 1992 PL 102-486
      2000 – National Nuclear Security Administration Act PL 106-65
      2005 – Energy Policy Act of 2005 PL 109-58
      2007 – Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 PL 110-140
      2008 – Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 PL 110-234
      Arizona Public Service Co. v. Snead
      Baltimore Gas & Elec. Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
      Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission
      Duke Power Co. v. Carolina Environmental Study Group
      Entergy Louisiana, Inc. v. Louisiana Public Service Commission
      Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland
      Federal Power Commission v. Sierra Pacific Power Company
      Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation
      Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co.
      Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy
      North American Co. v. Securities and Exchange Commission
      Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission
      Pacific Gas & Electric v. Public Utilities Commission
      Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan
      Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Wisconsin
      Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States
      State Oil Company v. Khan
      National Audubon Society v. Superior Court
      Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill
      Texaco Inc. v. Dagher
      United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Ideal Cement Co.
      United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Memphis Light, Gas, and Water Division
      United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Mobile Gas Service Corp.
      Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.


      = Agriculture and environment

      =
      1890, 1891, 1897, 1906 Meat Inspection Act
      1906: Pure Food and Drug Act
      1914: Cotton Futures Act
      1916: Federal Farm Loan Act
      1917: Food Control and Production Acts
      1921: Packers and Stockyards Act
      1922: Grain Futures Act
      1922: National Agricultural Conference
      1923: Agricultural Credits Act
      1930: Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act
      1930: Foreign Agricultural Service Act
      1933: Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
      1933: Farm Credit Act
      1935: Resettlement Administration
      1936: Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
      1937: Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act
      1941: National Victory Garden Program
      1941: Steagall Amendment
      1946: Farmers Home Administration
      1946: National School Lunch Act PL 79-396
      1946: Research and Marketing Act
      1948: Hope-Aiken Agriculture Act PL 80-897
      1956: Soil Bank Program authorized
      1957: Poultry Inspection Act
      1947: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act PL 80-104
      1949: Agricultural Act PL 81-439 (Section 416 (b))
      1954: Food for Peace Act PL 83-480
      1954: Agricultural Act PL 83-690
      1956: Mutual Security Act PL 84-726
      1957: Poultry Products Inspection Act PL 85-172
      1958: Food Additives Amendment PL 85-929
      1958: Humane Slaughter Act
      1958: Agricultural Act PL 85-835
      1961: Agricultural Act PL 87-128
      1964: Agricultural Act PL 88-297
      1964: Food Stamp Act PL 88-525
      1964: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Extension PL 88-305
      1965: Appalachian Regional Development Act
      1965: Food and Agriculture Act PL 89-321
      1966: Child Nutrition Act PL 89-642
      1967: Wholesome Meat Act PL 90-201
      1968: Wholesome Poultry Products Act PL 90-492
      1970: Agricultural Act PL 91-524
      1972: Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act PL 92-516
      1970: Environmental Quality Improvement Act
      1970: Food Stamp Act PL 91-671
      1972: Rural Development Act
      1972: Rural Development Act Reform 3.31
      1972: National School Lunch Act Amendments (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children) PL 92-433
      1973: Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act PL 93-86
      1974: Safe Drinking Water Act PL 93-523
      1977: Food and Agriculture Act PL 95-113
      1985: Food Security Act PL 99-198
      1996: Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act PL 104-127
      1996: Food Quality Protection Act PL 104-170
      2000: Agriculture Risk Protection Act PL 106-224
      2002: Farm Security and Rural Investment Act PL 107-171
      2008: Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 PL 110-246
      2010: Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 PL 111-296


      = Water

      =

      Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1873)


      = Housing

      =

      1944 – Servicemen's Readjustment Act, Pub. L. 78–346
      1949 – Housing Act, Pub. L. 81–171
      1950 – Housing Act, Pub. L. 81–475
      1951 – Defense Housing Act, Pub. L. 82–139
      1952 – 550 Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act, Pub. L. 82–325
      1954 – Housing Act, Pub. L. 83–560
      1959 – Housing Act, Pub. L. 86–372
      1962 – Senior Citizens Housing Act, Pub. L. 87–723
      1965 – Housing and Urban Development Act, Pub. L. 89–117
      1965 – Department of Housing and Urban Development Act, Pub. L. 89–174
      1968 – Housing and Urban Development Act, Pub. L. 90–448
      1974 – Housing and Urban Development Act, Pub.L. 93-383
      1976 – Housing and Urban Development Act, Pub.L. 94-375
      1986 – Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99-514
      Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
      1987 – Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, Pub. L. 100–242
      1987 – Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act, Pub. L. 100–77
      1989 – Department of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of 1989, Pub. L. 101–235
      1990 – Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, Pub. L. 101–625
      1992 – Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102–550
      Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, U.S. Code: Title 12, Chapter 46
      2009 – American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, abbreviated ARRA, Pub. L. 111–5 (text) (PDF)
      Repairing and modernizing public housing, including increasing the energy efficiency of units, $4 billion to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)


      = Transport

      =

      Department of Transport
      1966 – Department of Transportation established PL 89-670
      1806 – Cumberland Road
      1935 – Motor Carrier Act
      1950 – Federal Aid to Highway PL 81-769
      1956 – Federal-Aid to Highway/Interstate Highway Act PL 84-627
      1965 – Highway Beautification Act PL 89-285
      1973 – Federal Aid Highway Act PL 93-87
      1980 – Motor Carrier Act PL 96-296
      1982 – Bus Regulatory Reform Act PL 97-261
      1862 – Pacific Railway Act
      1887 – Interstate Commerce Act
      1916 – Adamson Railway Labor Act
      1970 – Rail Passenger Service Act PL 91-518
      1973 – Amtrak Improvement Act PL 93-146
      1976 – Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act PL 94-210
      1980 – Staggers Rail Act PL 96-448
      1946 – Federal Airport Act PL 79-377
      1957 – Airways Modernization Act PL 85-133
      1958 – Federal Aviation Act PL 85-726
      1959 – Airport Construction Act PL 86-72
      1978 – Airline Deregulation Act PL 95-504
      1970 – Airport and Airway Development Act PL 91-258
      2000 – Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century PL 106-181
      1964 – Urban Mass Transportation Act PL 88-365
      1970 – Urban Mass Transportation Act PL 91-453
      1974 – National Mass Transportation Assistance Act PL 93-503
      1954 – Saint Lawrence Seaway Act
      1958 – Transportation Act PL 85-625
      1976 – Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act PL 94-435
      1982 – Transportation Assistance Act PL 97-424
      1987 – Surface Transportation Act PL 100-17
      1991 – Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act PL 102-240
      1998 – Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century PL 105-178
      2002 – Homeland Security Act (PL 107-296)
      2005 – Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (PL 109-59)


      = Post

      =

      Postal Reorganization Act
      Postal Service Reform Act of 2022


      = Telecomms

      =

      Communications Act of 1934
      Telecommunications Act of 1996
      COPE Act of 2006 (Communications Act of 2006)
      Telecommunications Act of 2005
      Comcast Corp. v. FCC
      Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation
      Hush-A-Phone v. United States
      National Cable & Telecommunications Association v. Brand X Internet Services
      SBC Communications, Inc. v. FCC
      Schurz Communications, Incorporated v. Federal Communications Commission and United States of America
      Smith v. Maryland
      Turner Broadcasting v. Federal Communications Commission
      United States v. Southwestern Cable Co.
      USTA v. FCC
      Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC (2002)
      Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC (2014)
      Verizon Communications v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, LLP


      = Media

      =
      Federal Radio Commission
      Media cross-ownership in the United States
      Public Service Broadcaster
      Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations (2009)
      Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations (2012)
      National Broadcasting Co. v. United States
      Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission
      NPR
      YouTube


      Federal and state fiscal policy




      See also


      United Kingdom enterprise law
      European Union law
      Economics of the public sector
      Universal service fund
      Universal service


      References


      M Ricks, G Sitaraman, S Welton and L Menand, Networks, Platforms & Utilities: Law and Policy (2022)
      E McGaughey, Principles of Enterprise Law: the Economic Constitution and Human Rights (Cambridge UP)


      External links


      Law and Political Economy Blog

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    united states enterprise law

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    United States enterprise law - Wikipedia

    United States enterprise law is the body of law concerning networks, platforms, utilities, public services (also NPU law) and the regulation of other enterprises or business entities. It is based on federal statutes, state statutes, and case law, that seek to guarantee human rights, particularly economic and social rights .

    22 U.S. Code § 2351 - Encouragement of free enterprise and …

    (a) Policy of United States The Congress of the United States recognizes the vital role of free enterprise in achieving rising levels of production and standards of living essential to economic progress and development.

    United States enterprise Definition - Law Insider

    Define United States enterprise. ’ means an enterprise carried on in the United States by a resident of the United States (including an individual, fidu- ciary, and partnership) or by a United States corporation or other entity.

    Mapping the State of Social Enterprise and the Law

    This report describes the continued shift among states in 2023 from adopting new legal forms or amending existing social enterprise legislation to incentivizing use of these new forms.

    The State of Social Enterprise and the Law - New York …

    The State of Social Enterprise and the Law, 2020–2021. 5. Every year the Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship at NYU School of Law tracks legislative developments in the social enterprise field throughout the 50 states and the District of Columbia for our Social Enterprise Law Tracker. The Social Enterprise Law Tracker. 8

    Social Enterprise Law Tracker

    The Status Tool on this page visualizes how social enterprise law has spread across the United States. Select any state or jurisdiction for information about the social enterprise forms that are available, or are currently under consideration by the state legislature.

    Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board

    Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 561 U.S. 477 (2010), was a 5–4 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that laws enabling inferior officers of the United States to be insulated from the Presidential removal authority with two levels of "for cause" removal violated Article Two of the United States Constitution.

    Global Forum on Competition COMPETITION LAW AND …

    The term “state-owned enterprise” is not defined in United States law, although entities owned by federal, state, or local governments do offer goods and services, sometimes in competition with private entities.

    Social Enterprise Law: A Multijurisdictional Comparative Review

    Dec 20, 2023 · In the United States, hybrid social enterprise forms, including Delaware’s public benefit corporation, the benefit corporation in over three dozen states, and the private B Corp certification offered by the nonprofit B Lab, have become prominent challenges to the long tradition of shareholder capitalism.

    SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

    Congress transferred the administration of 18 existing federal statutes to the CFPB, including the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, and the Truth in Lending Act; and Congress enacted a new prohibition on unfair and deceptive practices in the consumer-finance sector. 12 U. S. C. §5536(a)(1)(B).