• Source: 13th United States Congress

      • The 13th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1813, to March 4, 1815, during the fifth and sixth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority. The first two sessions were held at the Capitol building while the third, convened after the Burning of Washington, took place in the First Patent Building.


      Major events



      September 10, 1813: War of 1812: Battle of Lake Erie
      October 5, 1813: War of 1812: Battle of the Thames
      March 27, 1814: Creek War: Battle of Horseshoe Bend
      July 25, 1814: War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane
      August 25, 1814: War of 1812: Burning of Washington
      September 11, 1814: War of 1812: Battle of Lake Champlain
      September 13, 1814: War of 1812: Bombardment of Fort McHenry at Baltimore
      November 7, 1814: War of 1812: Forces under Gen. Andrew Jackson seized Pensacola
      November 23, 1814: Vice President Elbridge Gerry died
      December 15, 1814: Hartford Convention convened through January 5, 1815, in which New England Federalists met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power. Despite radical outcries among Federalists for New England secession and a separate peace with Great Britain, moderates outnumbered them and extreme proposals were not a major focus of the debate.
      December 24, 1814: War of 1812: Treaty of Ghent signed
      January 8, 1815: War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans


      Major legislation




      Treaties ratified


      February 17, 1815: War of 1812: Senate ratified the Treaty of Ghent, 8 Stat. 218


      Party summary


      The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.


      = Senate

      =


      = House of Representatives

      =
      Following the 1810 census, the size of the House was increased to 182 seats from 142.


      Leadership




      = Senate

      =
      President: Elbridge Gerry (DR), until November 23, 1814; thereafter vacant.
      President pro tempore: William H. Crawford (DR), March 4, 1813 – March 23, 1813
      Joseph B. Varnum (DR), December 6, 1813 – February 3, 1814
      John Gaillard (DR), from November 25, 1814


      = House of Representatives

      =
      Speaker: Henry Clay (DR), until January 19, 1814
      Langdon Cheves, (DR), from January 19, 1814


      Members


      This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.


      = Senate

      =
      Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1818.


      = House of Representatives

      =


      Changes in membership


      The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.


      = Senate

      =
      Replacements: 9
      Democratic-Republicans: 2 seat net loss
      Federalists: 2 seat net gain
      Deaths: 2
      Resignations: 10
      Interim appointments: 3
      Vacancies: 3
      Total seats with changes: 15


      = House of Representatives

      =
      Replacements: 13
      Democratic-Republicans: 17-seat net gain
      Federalists: 2-seat net loss
      Deaths: 6
      Resignations: 13
      Contested election: 1
      Vacancies: 4
      Total seats with changes: 19


      Committees


      Lists of committees and their party leaders.


      = Senate

      =
      Army Supply Contracts (Select) (Chairman: N/A)
      Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Michael Leib)
      Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Jeremiah B. Howell)
      National University (Chairman: N/A)
      Whole


      = House of Representatives

      =
      Accounts (Chairman: Israel Pickens then Nicholas R. Moore then John Kershaw)
      Banks of the District of Columbia (Select)
      Claims (Chairman: Stevenson Archer then Bartlett Yancey)
      Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
      District of Columbia (Chairman: John Dawson)
      Elections (Chairman: James Fisk)
      Judiciary (Chairman: Charles J. Ingersoll)
      Pensions and Revolutionary War Claims (Chairman: Samuel D. Ingham then John J. Chappell)
      Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
      Public Expenditures (Chairman: James Pleasants then Nathaniel Macon)
      Public Lands (Chairman: Samuel McKee)
      Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Willis Alston then Lewis Condict then Richard Stanford)
      Rules (Select)
      Standards of Official Conduct
      Ways and Means (Chairman: John W. Eppes)
      Whole


      = Joint committees

      =
      Enrolled Bills (Chairman: N/A)
      The Library (Chairman: N/A)


      Employees


      Librarian of Congress: Patrick Magruder


      = Senate

      =
      Chaplain: John Brackenridge (Presbyterian), until September 27, 1814
      Jesse Lee, Methodist, elected September 27, 1814
      Secretary: Samuel A. Otis, until April 22, 1814
      Charles Cutts, elected October 12, 1814
      Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly


      = House of Representatives

      =
      Chaplain: Jesse Lee (Methodist), until September 27, 1814
      Obadiah B. Brown (Baptist), elected September 27, 1814
      Clerk: Patrick Magruder, until January 30, 1815
      Thomas Dougherty, elected January 30, 1815
      Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
      Reading Clerks: [data missing]
      Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn


      See also


      1812 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
      1812 United States presidential election
      1812–13 United States Senate elections
      1812–13 United States House of Representatives elections
      1814 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
      1814–15 United States Senate elections
      1814–15 United States House of Representatives elections


      Notes




      References



      Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
      Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


      External links


      Statutes at Large, 1789–1875
      Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
      House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
      Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
      U.S. House of Representatives: House History
      U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists

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