• Source: 1977 Pacific typhoon season

The 1977 Pacific typhoon season was one of the least active Pacific typhoon seasons on record, with only 19 tropical storms forming. It was also the second of three known typhoon seasons during the satellite era (since 1960) to not produce a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, sandwiched between the 1974 and 2017 seasons. The season's first storm, Severe Tropical Storm Patsy, formed on March 23 and the last, Typhoon Mary, dissipated on January 2, 1978. With Mary spanning two calendar years, it became the fourth typhoon to do so since 1945. Since then, two other typhoons have achieved this feat.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1977 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.




Season summary






Systems


A total of 54 tropical depressions were recognized by the various warning agencies this year in the Western Pacific, of which 20 became tropical storms. Eleven storms reached typhoon intensity, of which three reached super typhoon strength.




= Tropical Depression Atring

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Tropical Depression Atring formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It did not intensify into a tropical storm and dissipated shortly after formation. The storm had minimal impact on land and did not cause significant damage or loss of life.




= Severe Tropical Storm Patsy

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Severe Tropical Storm Patsy formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It reached peak intensity with 60 mph winds and a minimum pressure of 990 hPa. While relatively weak, Patsy brought heavy rain and strong winds to parts of the Philippines and Taiwan, causing localized flooding and property damage. The storm weakened rapidly after making landfall in Taiwan and dissipated over the island.




= Tropical Depression 02W (Bining)

=

Tropical Depression 02W (Bining) in 1977 was a weak tropical depression that formed in the western Pacific Ocean. It did not intensify into a tropical storm and dissipated shortly after formation. The storm had minimal impact on land and did not cause significant damage or loss of life.




= Severe Tropical Storm Ruth (Kuring)

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Severe Tropical Storm Ruth (Kuring) battered the Philippines in 1977, primarily affecting Luzon. The storm caused significant damage to homes and infrastructure, displacing thousands of people and resulting in fatalities. Its impact underscores the destructive power of tropical cyclones in the region.




= Tropical Depression 04W (Daling)

=

Tropical Depression 04W (Daling) formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It was a short-lived system that did not intensify into a tropical storm and dissipated shortly after formation. The storm had minimal impact on land and did not cause significant damage or loss of life.




= Typhoon Sarah (Elang)

=

Typhoon Sarah (Elang) formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It made landfall in the Philippines, Hainan, and Vietnam, causing damage and loss of life in these regions. The typhoon's impact highlighted the destructive potential of tropical cyclones in the area.




= Typhoon Thelma (Goring)

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A tropical disturbance east of the Philippines organized into a tropical depression on July 21. It moved to the northwest, strengthening into a tropical storm later that day and into a typhoon on the 22nd. After passing northern Luzon and dropping heavy rains, Thelma turned to the north, where it reached a peak intensity of 95 mph winds. The typhoon hit southern Taiwan on the 25th, crossed the island, and dissipated over southeastern China on the 26th. Though not a particularly strong storm, Thelma brought strong wind gusts and heavy rain, claiming more than 30 lives and bringing damage and destruction not seen to the island for over 80 years.




= Typhoon Vera (Huling)

=

Just 6 days after Thelma hit Taiwan, another typhoon was brewing to its east. Typhoon Vera, which developed on July 28, hit eastern Taiwan on the 31st as a 125 mph typhoon. It continued westward, and dissipated over southeastern China. The storm caused 25 additional fatalities to the island, with vast amounts of crop and property damage occurring.




= Tropical Storm Wanda

=

Tropical Storm Wanda formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It reached peak intensity with 60 mph winds and a minimum pressure of 995 mb. While relatively weak, Wanda brought heavy rain and strong winds to parts of the Philippines and Taiwan, causing localized flooding and property damage. The storm weakened rapidly after making landfall in Taiwan and dissipated over the island.




= Severe Tropical Storm Amy (Ibiang)

=

Severe Tropical Storm Amy (Ibiang) was a tropical cyclone that formed in the western Pacific Ocean during the 1977 Pacific typhoon season. It developed on August 20 and reached its peak intensity on August 21 with maximum sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 985 hPa (mbar). Amy made landfall in Taiwan, causing damage and flooding.




= JMA Tropical Storm Eight

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JMA Tropical Storm Eight formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It did not make landfall and dissipated over open waters. The storm had minimal impact and did not cause significant damage or loss of life.




= Typhoon Babe (Miling)

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Developing as a tropical depression on September 2, Babe initially tracked west-northwestward as it intensified. On September 5, an abrupt shift in steering currents caused the system to turn north-northwestward. Over the following two days, Babe quickly intensified, ultimately attaining its peak intensity early on September 8 with winds of 240 km/h (150 mph) and a barometric pressure of 905 mbar (hPa; 26.72 inHg). Not long after reaching this strength, another shift in the steering patterns caused the typhoon to execute a prolonged counter-clockwise arc, causing it to track through the Ryukyu Islands, as it interacted with a low pressure originating from the Korean Peninsula. During this time, the system gradually weakened and eventually it made landfall near Shanghai, China on September 11 as a minimal typhoon before dissipating inland the following day.
Passing through the Ryukyu Islands as a powerful typhoon, Babe caused considerable damage in the region. More than 1,000 homes were destroyed and nearly 7,000 more were damaged or flooded. One person was killed on Amami Ōshima and 77 others were injured throughout the country. Total losses reached ¥6.1 billion (US$23 million). Offshore, over 100 vessels were affected by the storm, including a Panamanian freighter where 13 people died. In China, more than 24,000 homes were destroyed and nine people were killed.




= Tropical Storm Carla (Luming)

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Tropical Storm Carla (Luming) was a weak tropical storm that formed in the western North Pacific Ocean in 1977. It had a short lifespan and caused limited impact. The 1977 Pacific typhoon season was one of the least active on record.




= Typhoon Dinah (Openg)

=

The monsoon trough spawned a tropical storm on September 14 northeast of the northern Philippines. The previous typhoon brought the trough more northward, hence the unusually high latitude for a monsoon storm. Strong high pressure to Dinah's northwest forced the storm to the southwest, where it crossed northern Luzon on the 15th and 16th. Weak steering currents in the South China Sea allowed Dinah to drift, first then to the northeast then back to the west-southwest. Generally favorable conditions allowed Dinah to reach typhoon strength on the 19th, but a developing tropical storm to its northeast caused it to weaken. The building of the subtropical ridge forced Dinah to the southwest, where it hit southern Vietnam on the 23rd as a tropical depression. The remnants turned northward, crossed the Gulf of Tonkin, and dissipated over China on the 27th.
Dinah brought heavy rain and flooding to Luzon that killed 54 people and left 11 others missing.




= Tropical Depression Narsing

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Tropical Depression Narsing formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It was a short-lived system that did not intensify into a tropical storm. The depression brought minimal impact to land and caused no significant damage or loss of life.It only lasted two days.




= Severe Tropical Storm Emma

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Severe Tropical Storm Emma formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It reached maximum sustained winds of 60 knots and caused some damage in Southeast Asia. Detailed information about its track and intensity can be found on the Digital Typhoon website.




= Severe Tropical Storm Freda (Pining)

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Severe Tropical Storm Freda (Pining) formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It reached peak intensity with 60 mph winds and a minimum pressure of 990 hPa. The storm brought heavy rain and strong winds to parts of the Philippines and Taiwan, causing localized flooding and property damage.
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= Typhoon Gilda

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Typhoon Gilda formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It reached peak intensity with 100 mph winds and a minimum pressure of 965 hPa. The typhoon passed to the east of Japan, causing minimal impact on land.




= JMA Tropical Storm Fifteen

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JMA Tropical Storm Fifteen formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It reached peak intensity with 60 mph winds and a minimum pressure of 990 hPa. The storm brought heavy rain and strong winds to parts of the Philippines and Taiwan, causing localized flooding and property damage.




= Tropical Depression Rubing

=

Tropical Depression Rubing was a short-lived tropical cyclone that formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It did not intensify into a tropical storm and dissipated shortly after formation. The storm had minimal impact on land and did not cause significant damage or loss of life.




= Tropical Storm Harriet (Saling)

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Tropical Storm Harriet (Saling) formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It remained at sea and did not make landfall, affecting no one. The storm eventually dissipated without causing any significant impact.




= Typhoon Ivy

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Typhoon Ivy formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It reached peak intensity as a Category 2 typhoon with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h). The typhoon impacted the Marshall Islands and the Philippines, causing significant damage and loss of life, particularly in the Philippines. It was a powerful storm that left a lasting impact on the affected regions.




= Typhoon Jean

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Typhoon Jean was a tropical depression. It quickly became a tropical storm and on October 31, became a typhoon.Typhoon Jean formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It remained at sea and did not make landfall, affecting no one. The storm eventually dissipated without causing any significant impact.




= Tropical Depression Tasing

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Tropical Depression Tasing formed in the western Pacific Ocean in 1977. It remained at sea and did not make landfall, affecting no one. The storm eventually dissipated without causing any significant impact.




= Typhoon Kim (Unding)

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Typhoon Kim was a 150 mph super typhoon that hit the northern Philippines on November 13. The typhoon's heavy rains caused flash flooding that left 55 people dead with widespread damage. A further 47 people died when the upper floors of a hotel caught fire during the storm.




= Typhoon Lucy (Walding)

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Typhoon Lucy (Walding) was a powerful Category 4 super typhoon in the 1977 Pacific typhoon season. It formed in late November and reached peak intensity with 125 mph (205 km/h) winds and a minimum pressure of 920 hPa. Though it recurved and did not directly make landfall in the Philippines, it still brought heavy rains and strong winds to parts of the country, causing significant damage and loss of life.




= Typhoon Mary (Yeyeng)

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Typhoon Mary (Yeyeng) formed in the western Pacific Ocean in late 1977. It reached peak intensity as a Category 2 typhoon with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h). The typhoon impacted the Marshall Islands and the Philippines, causing significant damage and loss of life, particularly in the Philippines. It was a powerful storm that left a lasting impact on the affected regions.




Storm names


Western North Pacific tropical cyclones were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The first storm of 1977 was named Patsy and the final one was named Mary.




= Philippines

=

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1981 season. This is the same list used for the 1973 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.




= Retirement

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Due to its impacts in the Philippines, PAGASA later retired the name Unding and was replaced by Unsing for the 1981 season. However, the name Unding would later be reused in the 2004 season, only for it to be re-retired by PAGASA due to its effects in Luzon.




Season effects


This table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator during 1977. It will include their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, missing persons (in parentheses), and damage totals. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA. All damage figures will be in 1977 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical low.




See also



List of Pacific typhoon seasons
1977 Pacific hurricane season
1977 Atlantic hurricane season
1977 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1976–77, 1977–78
Australian region cyclone seasons: 1976–77, 1977–78
South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1976–77, 1977–78




References






External links


Japan Meteorological Agency
Joint Typhoon Warning Center Archived 2010-03-01 at the Wayback Machine.
China Meteorological Agency
National Weather Service Guam
Hong Kong Observatory
Macau Meteorological Geophysical Services
Korea Meteorological Agency
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
Taiwan Central Weather Bureau
Digital Typhoon - Typhoon Images and Information
Typhoon2000 Philippine typhoon website

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