- Source: 3rd United States Congress
The 3rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 4, 1793, to March 4, 1795, during the fifth and sixth years of George Washington's presidency.
The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was governed by the Apportionment Act of 1792 and based on the 1790 census. The Senate had a Pro-Administration majority, and the House had an Anti-Administration majority.
Major events
March 4, 1793: President George Washington begins his second term.
April 22, 1793: George Washington signed the Neutrality Proclamation
February 11, 1794: Wishing to avoid charges of being a Star Chamber, the Senate holds its first public session, resolving "That the Senate doors be opened".
March 14, 1794: Eli Whitney was granted a patent for the cotton gin
March 27, 1794: The federal government authorized the construction of the original six frigates of the United States Navy
August 7, 1794: Whiskey Rebellion began: Farmers in the Monongahela Valley of Pennsylvania rebelled against the federal tax on liquor and distilled drinks.
August 20, 1794: Battle of Fallen Timbers — American troops under General Anthony Wayne forced a confederacy of Shawnee, Mingo, Delaware, Wyandot, Miami, Ottawa, Chippewa and Pottawatomie warriors into a disorganized retreat.
Major legislation
January 13, 1794: Flag Act of 1794, Sess. 1, ch. 1, 1 Stat. 341
March 22, 1794: Slave Trade Act of 1794, Sess. 1, ch. 11, 1 Stat. 347
March 27, 1794: Naval Act of 1794, Sess. 1, ch. 12, 1 Stat. 350
January 29, 1795: Naturalization Act of 1795, Sess. 2, ch. 20, 1 Stat. 414
Constitutional amendments
March 4, 1794: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution clarifying judicial power over foreign nationals, and limiting the ability of citizens to sue states in federal courts and under federal law, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification 1 Stat. 402.
February 7, 1795: The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 12) to become part of the Constitution.
Treaties
November 19, 1794: The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain signed the Jay Treaty, which attempted to clear up some of the lingering problems left over from the American Revolutionary War
Faction summary
There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.
Details on changes are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
= Senate
== House of Representatives
=Leadership
= Senate
=President: John Adams (P)
President pro tempore: John Langdon (P), until December 2, 1793
Ralph Izard (P), May 31, 1794 – November 9, 1794
Henry Tazewell (P), from February 20, 1795
= House of Representatives
=Speaker: Frederick Muhlenberg (A)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Skip to House of Representatives, below
= Senate
=Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.
= House of Representatives
=The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress
= United States Senate
=There were 1 death, 3 resigns, 1 late election, and 1 contested election.
= House of Representatives
=There were 2 deaths, 3 resignations, and 1 contested election.
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
= Senate
=Whole
= House of Representatives
=Claims (Chairman: Uriah Tracy)
Elections (Chairman: William Loughton Smith then Jonathan Dayton)
Rules (Select)
Ways and Means (Chairman: William Loughton Smith)
Whole
= Joint committees
=Enrolled Bills (Chairman: John Rutherfurd)
Employees
Architect of the Capitol: William Thornton
= Senate
=Chaplain: William White (Episcopalian)
Doorkeeper: James Mathers
Secretary: Samuel Allyne Otis
= House of Representatives
=Chaplain: Ashbel Green (Presbyterian)
Clerk: John J. Beckley
Doorkeeper: Gifford Dalley
Reading Clerks: [data missing]
Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton
See also
1792 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
1792 United States presidential election
1792–93 United States Senate elections
1792–93 United States House of Representatives elections
1794 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
1794–95 United States Senate elections
1794–95 United States House of Representatives elections
Notes
References
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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