- Source: 45th United States Congress
The 45th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1877, to March 4, 1879, during the first two years of Rutherford Hayes's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.
The 45th Congress remained politically divided between a Democratic House and Republican Senate. President Hayes vetoed an Army appropriations bill from the House which would have ended Reconstruction and prohibited the use of federal troops to protect polling stations in the former Confederacy. Striking back, Congress overrode another of Hayes’s vetoes and enacted the Bland-Allison Act that required the purchase and coining of silver. Congress also approved a generous increase in pension eligibility for Northern Civil War veterans.
Major events
March 4, 1877: Rutherford B. Hayes became President of the United States
Major legislation
February 28, 1878: Bland–Allison Act (Coinage Act (Silver Dollar)), Sess. 2, ch. 20, 20 Stat. 25
April 29, 1878: National Quarantine Act of 1878, Sess. 2, ch. 66, 20 Stat. 37
June 3, 1878: Timber and Stone Act, Sess. 2, ch. 151, 20 Stat. 89
June 18, 1878: Posse Comitatus Act, Sess. 2, ch. 263, §15, 20 Stat. 152
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.
= Senate
== House of Representatives
=Leadership
= Senate
=President: William A. Wheeler (R)
President pro tempore: Thomas W. Ferry (R)
Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony
Democratic Caucus Chairman: William A. Wallace
= House of Representatives
=Speaker: Samuel J. Randall (D)
Democratic Caucus Chairman: Hiester Clymer
Republican Conference Chairman: Eugene Hale
Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
= Senate
=Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.
Skip to House of Representatives, below
= House of Representatives
=The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
= Senate
=Replacements: 5
Democratic: 1 seat net gain
Republican: 1 seat net loss
Deaths: 2
Resignations: 3
Interim appointments: 1
Contested elections: 0
Total seats with changes: 5
= House of Representatives
=Replacements: 10
Democratic: 5 seat net gain
Republican: 5 seat net loss
Deaths: 7
Resignations: 1
Contested election: 5
Total seats with changes: 13
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
= Senate
=Agriculture (Chairman: Algernon S. Paddock; Ranking Member: Henry G. Davis)
Appropriations (Chairman: William Windom; Ranking Member: Henry G. Davis)
Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: George R. Dennis)
Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Henry M. Teller; Ranking Member: Thomas C. McCreery)
Claims (Chairman: Samuel J. R. McMillan; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
Commerce (Chairman: Roscoe Conkling; Ranking Member: John B. Gordon)
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Stephen W. Dorsey; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
Education and Labor (Chairman: Ambrose E. Burnside; Ranking Member: John B. Gordon)
Elections of 1878 (Select)
Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard; Ranking Member: Henry B. Anthony)
Epidemic Diseases (Select)
Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Select) (Chairman: Jerome B. Chaffee; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
Finance (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Thomas F. Bayard)
Foreign Relations (Chairman: Hannibal Hamlin; Ranking Member: Thomas C. McCreery)
Hot Springs (Arkansas) Commission (Special)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Thomas C. McCreery)
Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: David Davis)
Late Presidential Election Louisiana
Manufactures (Chairman: Edward H. Rollins; Ranking Member: John W. Johnston)
Mexican Relations (Select)
Military Affairs (Chairman: George E. Spencer; Ranking Member: Theodore F. Randolph)
Mines and Mining (Chairman: William Sharon; Ranking Member: Frank Hereford)
Mississippi River Levee System (Select) (Chairman: Blanche Bruce; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Aaron A. Sargent; Ranking Member: William P. Whyte)
Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
Patents (Chairman: Newton Booth; Ranking Member: Francis Kernan)
Pensions (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Robert E. Withers)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Thomas W. Ferry; Ranking Member: Ambrose E. Burnside)
Private Land Claims (Chairman: Allen G. Thurman; Ranking Member: Isaac P. Christiancy)
Privileges and Elections (Chairman: Bainbridge Wadleigh; Ranking Member: John J. Ingalls)
Public Lands (Chairman: Richard J. Oglesby; Ranking Member: Joseph E. McDonald)
Railroads (Chairman: John H. Mitchell; Ranking Member: Stanley Matthews)
Revision of the Laws (Chairman: Isaac P. Christiancy; Ranking Member: William A. Wallace)
Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: John W. Johnston; Ranking Member: Henry L. Dawes)
Rules (Chairman: James G. Blaine; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
Tariff Regulation (Select)
Tenth Census (Select) (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: N/A)
Territories (Chairman: John J. Patterson; Ranking Member: Augustus H. Garland)
Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select) (Chairman: Angus Cameron; Ranking Member: N/A)
Treasury Department Account Discrepancies (Select) (Chairman: Henry G. Davis; Ranking Member: John J. Ingalls)
Whole
= House of Representatives
=Accounts (Chairman: Charles B. Roberts; Ranking Member: Henry W. Blair)
Agriculture (Chairman: Augustus W. Cutler; Ranking Member: Walter L. Steele)
Appropriations (Chairman: John DeWitt Clinton Atkins; Ranking Member: Eugene Hale)
Banking and Currency (Chairman: Aylett H. Buckner; Ranking Member: Elizur K. Hart)
Claims (Chairman: John M. Bright; Ranking Member: Daniel N. Lockwood)
Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Alexander H. Stephens; Ranking Member: John B. Clarke)
Commerce (Chairman: John H. Reagan; Ranking Member: John E. Kenna)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Alpheus S. Williams then Joseph C.S. Blackburn; Ranking Member: Gabriel Bouck)
Education and Labor (Chairman: John Goode; Ranking Member: Van H. Manning)
Elections (Chairman: John T. Harris; Ranking Member: E. John Ellis)
Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Andrew H. Hamilton; Ranking Member: Nelson H. Van Vorhes)
Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: William A.J. Sparks; Ranking Member: Edwin Willits)
Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Edward S. Bragg; Ranking Member: Nicholas Muller)
Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Benjamin A. Willis; Ranking Member: Jay A. Hubbell)
Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Jeremiah N. Williams; Ranking Member: Curtis H. Brogden)
Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: William M. Springer; Ranking Member: Thomas M. Bayne)
Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: John M. Glover; Ranking Member: Henry L. Dickey)
Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Joseph C. S. Blackburn; Ranking Member: Benjamin T. Eames)
Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: William P. Lynde; Ranking Member: William S. Stenger)
Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Swann; Ranking Member: Benjamin Wilson)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: Alfred M. Scales; Ranking Member: George M. Beebe)
Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Americus V. Rice; Ranking Member: Clement H. Sinnickson)
Judiciary (Chairman: J. Proctor Knott; Ranking Member: David B. Culberson)
Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River
Manufactures (Chairman: Hendrick B. Wright; Ranking Member: Robert F. Ligon)
Mileage (Chairman: Thomas R. Cobb; Ranking Member: Lorenzo Danford)
Military Affairs (Chairman: Henry B. Banning; Ranking Member: Edward S. Bragg)
Militia (Chairman: Miles Ross; Ranking Member: Thomas Turner)
Mines and Mining (Chairman: George M. Beebe; Ranking Member: James T. Jones)
Mississippi Levees (Chairman: Edward W. Robertson; Ranking Member: Benjamin F. Martin)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Washington C. Whitthorne; Ranking Member: Benjamin W. Harris)
Pacific Railroads (Chairman: James W. Throckmorton; Ranking Member: Charles O'Neill)
Patents (Chairman: Robert B. Vance; Ranking Member: Augustus W. Cutler)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Alfred M. Waddell; Ranking Member: Terence J. Quinn then Joseph G. Cannon)
Private Land Claims (Chairman: Thomas M. Gunter; Ranking Member: Dudley C. Denison)
Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Philip Cook; Ranking Member: James A. McKenzie)
Public Expenditures (Chairman: Robert A. Hatcher; Ranking Member: Robert H.M. Davidson)
Public Lands (Chairman: William R. Morrison; Ranking Member: William E. Smith)
Railways and Canals (Chairman: George C. Cabell; Ranking Member: Alvah A. Clark)
Revision of Laws (Chairman: William Walsh; Ranking Member: Walbridge A. Field)
Rules (Select) (Chairman: Samuel J. Randall; Ranking Member: James A. Garfield)
Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: Levi A. Mackey; Ranking Member: William Kimmel)
Standards of Official Conduct
Territories (Chairman: Benjamin J. Franklin; Ranking Member: George A. Bagley)
War Claims (Chairman: John R. Eden; Ranking Member: S. Addison Oliver)
Ways and Means (Chairman: Fernando Wood; Ranking Member: William D. Kelley)
Whole
= Joint committees
=Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. Andrew H. Hamilton; Vice Chairman: Rep. Nelson H. Van Vorhes)
The Library (Chairman: Rep. Samuel S. Cox; Vice Chairman: Rep. Eugene Hale)
Printing (Chairman: Rep. Otho R. Singleton; Vice Chairman: Rep. Latimer W. Ballou)
Reorganization of the Army
Transfer of the Indian Bureau
Caucuses
Democratic (House)
Democratic (Senate)
Employees
= Legislative branch agency directors
=Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
Public Printer of the United States: John D. Defrees
= Senate
=Chaplain: Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian)
Librarian: George F. Dawson
Secretary: George C. Gorham
Sergeant at Arms: John R. French
= House of Representatives
=Chaplain: I.L. Townsend (Episcopalian), until October 15, 1877
John Poise (Methodist), until December 3, 1877
W. P. Harrison (Methodist), elected December 3, 1877
Clerk: George M. Adams
Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: William H. Scudder
J. Randolph Tucker Jr.
Doorkeeper: John W. Polk, elected October 17, 1877
Charles W. Field, elected April 8, 1878
Postmaster: James M. Steuart
Reading Clerks: Thomas S. Pettit (D) and Neill S. Brown Jr. (R)
Sergeant at Arms: John G. Thompson
See also
1876 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
1876 United States presidential election
1876–77 United States Senate elections
1876–77 United States House of Representatives elections
1878 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
1878–79 United States Senate elections
1878–79 United States House of Representatives elections
Notes
References
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Congressional Directory for the 45th Congress, 1st Session.
Congressional Directory for the 45th Congress, 2nd Session.
Congressional Directory for the 45th Congress, 2nd Session (1st Revision).
Congressional Directory for the 45th Congress, 2nd Session (2nd Revision).
Congressional Directory for the 45th Congress, 3rd Session.
Congressional Directory for the 45th Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Franklin Hogan
- Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-45
- 45th United States Congress
- List of United States Congresses
- List of United States federal legislation
- List of United States senators in the 45th Congress
- 2024 California's 45th congressional district election
- United States congressional delegations from Oregon
- 1876–77 United States House of Representatives elections
- Thomas W. Ferry
- Party divisions of United States Congresses
- 45th Infantry Division (United States)
