• Source: 5 ft 3 in gauge railways

Railways with a track gauge of 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 3 in (1,600 mm) fall within the category of broad gauge railways. As of 2022, they were extant in Australia, Brazil and on the island of Ireland.




History


600 BC
The Diolkos (Δίολκος) across the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece – a grooved paved trackway – was constructed with an average gauge of 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 3 in (1,600 mm).
1840
The Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway was constructed in 1840–1851 to 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 3 in (1,600 mm) gauge before being converted to 4 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) in 1854–1855.
1843
The Board of Trade of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, after investigating a dispute caused by diverse gauges, recommended the use of 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 3 in (1,600 mm) in Ireland.
1846
The Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846 made 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 3 in (1,600 mm) mandatory throughout all of Ireland.
1847
The Swiss Northern Railway was opened as a 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 3 in (1,600 mm) line and converted to 4 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) in 1854.
1854
The first Australian railway to operate steam-powered freight and passenger services, Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company, was built as a 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 3 in (1600 mm) line.
1858
The first Brazilian 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 3 in (1,600 mm) railway was opened: the Companhia de Estrada de Ferro Dom Pedro II.
1863
The Canterbury Railway in New Zealand was built in 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 3 in (1,600 mm). It was converted to 3 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 6 in (1,067 mm) in 1876.




Nomenclature


In Great Britain and Ireland, the gauge is known as Irish gauge. In Ireland it is also common to hear it referred to as "standard gauge" or "broad gauge" when distinguishing it from the various 3 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft (narrow gauge) railways of the island.
In Australia, where the states of Victoria and South Australia have this gauge (as did Tasmania in the 19th century), it is known as broad gauge.: 168 
In Brazil, the gauge is mainly known as broad gauge (Portuguese: bitola larga), but occasionally as Irish gauge (Portuguese: bitola irlandesa).




Installations






Similar gauges


The Pennsylvania trolley gauges of 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 2+1⁄2 in (1,588 mm) and 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 2+1⁄4 in (1,581 mm) are similar to this gauge, but incompatible. There is also a 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 2 in (1,575 mm) gauge. See: Track gauge in Ireland.




Locomotives



Before the advent of diesel and electric traction, one of the advantages of the broader 3/info/5" target="_blank">5 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 3 in (1,600 mm) Irish gauge compared to 4 3/info/ft" target="_blank">ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) was that more space between steam locomotive frames allows for a bigger firebox, enabling generation of more steam.




See also



Track gauge in Australia




References

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