• Source: 59th Brigade (United Kingdom)

    • 59th Brigade (59th Bde) was an infantry formation of the British Army during World War I. It was formed in September 1914 as part of the new army also known as Kitchener's Army and was assigned to the 20th (Light) Division, serving on the Western Front. It was popularly known as the 'Greenjacket Brigade' because it was composed of battalions of the King's Royal Rifle Corps and the Rifle Brigade, whose full dress uniforms were Rifle green.


    Origin


    On 6 August 1914, less than 48 hours after Britain's declaration of war, Parliament sanctioned an increase of 500,000 men for the Regular British Army. The newly-appointed Secretary of State for War, Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, issued his famous call to arms: 'Your King and Country Need You', urging the first 100,000 volunteers to come forward. Men flooded into the recruiting offices and the 'first hundred thousand' were enlisted within days. This group of six infantry divisions with supporting arms became known as Kitchener's First New Army, or 'K1'. Recruits continued to arrive in large numbers, and Army Order No 382 of 11 September authorised a further six divisions (15th–20th), which became the Second New Army (K2). 20th (Light) Division began forming at Aldershot with the 59th, 60th and 61st Brigades.


    Order of Battle


    The brigade was composed as follows:

    10th (Service) Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps – disbanded 5 February 1918
    11th (Service) Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps
    10th (Service) Battalion, Rifle Brigade – disbanded 4–14 February 1918
    11th (Service) Battalion, Rifle Brigade
    59th Company, Machine Gun Corps – joined 3 March 1916; joined 20th Divisional MG Battalion 15 March 1918
    59th Trench Mortar Battery – 59/1 Bty formed by 16 April 1916, 52/2 Bty by 25 April, and combined to form 59th Bty by 16 July
    2nd Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) – joined from 23rd Brigade, 8th Division, 3 February 1918


    Service


    20th (Light) Division crossed to France in July 1915 and completed its concentration in the area west of Saint-Omer by 26 July. Thereafter it served on the Western Front in the following operations:
    1915

    Attack towards Fromelles 25 September
    1916

    Battle of Mont Sorrel 2–13 June
    Battle of the Somme
    Battle of Delville Wood 21 August–3 September
    Battle of Guillemont 3–5 September
    Battle of Flers–Courcelette 16–20 September
    Battle of Morval 27 September
    Battle of the Transloy Ridges 1–8 October
    1917

    German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line 14 March–5 April
    Actions on the Hindenburg Line 26 May–16 June
    Third Battle of Ypres
    Battle of Langemarck 16–18 August
    Battle of the Menin Road Ridge 20–25 September
    Battle of Polygon Wood 26–28 September
    Battle of Cambrai
    The Tank Attack 20–21 November
    Capture of Bourlon Wood 23–28 November
    German Counter-Attacks 30 November–2 December
    1918

    German spring offensive
    Battle of St Quentin 22–23 March
    Actions at the Somme Crossings 24–25 March
    Battle of Rosières 26–27 March
    Final Advance in Artois 2–6 October
    Following the Armistice with Germany demobilisation of 20th (L) Division began in January 1919 and the division and its formations ceased to exist on 28 May 1919.
    59th Brigade was not reactivated in World War II.


    Commanders


    The following officers commanded the brigade:

    Brigadier-General G.F. Leslie from 14 September 1914
    Brig-Gen C.D. Shute from 6 July 1915
    Brig-Gen R.C. Browne-Clayton from 14 October 1916
    Brig-Gen H.H.G. Hyslop from 26 August 1918
    Brig-Gen R.M. Ovens from 3 April 1918
    Brig-Gen A.C. Baylay from 8 June 1918


    Insignia



    The formation sign of 20th (L) Division was a white circle bearing a black cross with a red bull's-eye at the centre. In the summer of 1917 the division adopted a comprehensive scheme for battalion identification signs worn on both sleeves. These were black geometric shapes, with 59th Bde using circles. Underneath, one, two, three or four bars indicated the battalion's seniority. 11th KRRC (the former 60th Foot) also wore a Rifle green diamond with '11' over '60th' in red on its helmet coverings.


    Footnote




    Notes




    References


    Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3a: New Army Divisions (9–26), London: HM Stationery Office, 1938/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-41-X.
    Capt Reginald Berkeley, The History of the Rifle Brigade in the War of 1914–1918, Vol I, August 1914–December 1916, London: The Rifle Brigade Club, 1927/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, ISBN 978-1-847346-98-8.
    Clive Elderton & Gary Gibbs, World War One British Army Corps and Divisional Signs, Wokingham: Military History Society, 2018.
    Mike Hibberd, Infantry Divisions, Identification Schemes 1917, Wokingham: Military History Society, 2016.
    Lt-Col H.F. Joslen, Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945, London: HM Stationery Office, 1960/London: London Stamp Exchange, 1990, ISBN 0-948130-03-2/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, ISBN 1-843424-74-6.
    Instructions Issued by The War Office During August, 1914, London: HM Stationery Office, 1916.


    = External sources

    =
    Chris Baker, The Long, Long Trail

Kata Kunci Pencarian: