- Source: 84th United States Congress
The 84th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1955, to January 3, 1957, during the third and fourth years of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1950 United States census.
The Democratic Party won back majorities in both the House and Senate, thus giving them full control of Congress, although Republican Party briefly won the Senate after the last Congressional session.
Major events
January 28, 1955: Congress authorized the president to use force to protect Taiwan from the People's Republic of China
February 10, 1955: The United States Navy helped the Republic of China evacuate Chinese Nationalist army and residents from the Tachen Islands to Taiwan.
February 12, 1955: President Eisenhower sent the first U.S. advisers to South Vietnam.
July 2, 1955: Senator Lyndon Johnson, Majority Leader of the United States Senate, suffered a major heart attack.
September 24, 1955: President Eisenhower suffered a coronary thrombosis.
November 5, 1955: Racial segregation was forbidden on trains and buses in U.S. interstate commerce.
December 1, 1955: Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white person.
December 5, 1955: The American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations merged to become the AFL–CIO.
March 12, 1956: 96 Congressmen signed the Southern Manifesto, a protest against the 1954 Supreme Court ruling (Brown v. Board of Education) desegregating public education.
November 6, 1956: United States elections, 1956:
1956 United States presidential election: Republican incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower defeated Democratic challenger Adlai E. Stevenson in a rematch of their contest four years earlier.
United States Senate elections, 1956: The party balance of the chamber remained unchanged as Republican and Democratic gains cancelled each other.
United States House of Representatives elections, 1956: Republicans lost a net of two seats to the majority Democrats.
Major legislation
January 29, 1955: Formosa Resolution
March 31, 1955: Career Incentive Act
June 28, 1955: Flood Control and Coastal Emergency Act, Pub. L. 84–99, 69 Stat. 194
July 11, 1955: To provide that all United States currency shall bear the inscription "In God We Trust", Pub. L. 84–140, 69 Stat. 290, 31 U.S.C. § 5114(b)
July 14, 1955: Air Pollution Control Act, Pub. L. 84–159, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322
July 23, 1955: Multiple Surface Use Mining Act, Pub. L. 94–167, ch. 730, 68 Stat. 708
August 9, 1955: Reserve Forces Act, Pub. L. 84–305, 69 Stat. 598
August 11, 1955: National Housing Act ("Capehart Act"), Pub. L. 84–345, 69 Stat. 646
August 12, 1955: Poliomyelitis Vaccination Assistance Act, Pub. L. 84–377, ch. 863, 69 Stat. 704
April 11, 1956: Colorado River Storage Project Act, Pub. L. 84–485
June 29, 1956: Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, (National Interstate and Defense Highways Act), Pub. L. 84–627
July 30, 1956: Health Research Facilities Act, Pub. L. 84–835, ch. 779, 70 Stat. 717
August 8, 1956: Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, ch. 1036, 70 Stat. 1119, 16 U.S.C. § 742a
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
The independent Wayne Morse, who caucused with Republicans in the second session of the previous Congress, began caucusing with the Democrats at the start of this Congress before ultimately becoming a Democrat himself.
Democrats would briefly lose control of the Senate after the last Congressional session.
= Senate
== House of Representatives
=Leadership
= Senate
=President: Richard Nixon (R)
President pro tempore: Walter F. George (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Majority Leader and Democratic Conference chairman: Lyndon B. Johnson
Majority Whip: Earle Clements
Democratic Caucus Secretary: Thomas C. Hennings Jr.
Minority (Republican) leadership
Minority Leader: William Knowland
Minority Whip: Leverett Saltonstall
Republican Conference chairman: Eugene Millikin
Republican Conference Secretary: Milton Young
National Senatorial Committee Chair: Barry Goldwater
Policy Committee Chairman: Styles Bridges
= House of Representatives
=Speaker: Sam Rayburn (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Majority Leader: John W. McCormack
Majority Whip: Carl Albert
Democratic Caucus chairman: John J. Rooney
Democratic Caucus Secretary: Edna F. Kelly
Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Michael J. Kirwan
Minority (Republican) leadership
Minority Leader: Joseph W. Martin Jr.
Minority Whip: Leslie C. Arends
Republican Conference chairman: Clifford R. Hope
Policy Committee Chairman: Joseph W. Martin Jr.
Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Richard M. Simpson
Caucuses
House Democratic Caucus
Senate Democratic Caucus
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state.
= Senate
=Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1958; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1960; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1956.
= House of Representatives
=The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.
= Senate
=Replacements: 3
Democratic: 1 net loss
Independent Democratic: 1 net loss
Republican: 2 net gain
Deaths: 2
Resignations: 1
Interim appointments: 3
Total seats with changes: 3
= House of Representatives
=Replacements: 5
Democratic: no net change
Republican: no net change
Deaths: 9
Resignations: 3
Total seats with changes: 12
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
= Senate
=Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Allen J. Ellender; Ranking Member: George D. Aiken)
Appropriations (Chairman: Carl Hayden; Ranking Member: Styles Bridges)
Armed Services (Chairman: Richard B. Russell; Ranking Member: Styles Bridges)
Banking and Currency (Chairman: J. William Fulbright; Ranking Member: Homer Capehart)
Contribution Investigation (Select)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Matthew M. Neely; Ranking Member: J. Glenn Beall)
Finance (Chairman: Harry F. Byrd; Ranking Member: Eugene D. Millikin)
Foreign Relations (Chairman: Walter F. George; Ranking Member: Alexander Wiley)
Foreign Aid Program (Special)
Government Operations (Chairman: John Little McClellan; Ranking Member: Joseph McCarthy)
Interior and Insular Affairs (Chairman: James E. Murray; Ranking Member: Eugene D. Millikin)
Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: Warren G. Magnuson; Ranking Member: John W. Bricker)
Judiciary (Chairman: Harley M. Kilgore; Ranking Member: Alexander Wiley)
Labor and Public Welfare (Chairman: J. Lister Hill; Ranking Member: H. Alexander Smith)
Political Activities, Lobbying and Campaign Contributions (Special)
Post Office and Civil Service (Chairman: Olin D. Johnston; Ranking Member: Frank Carlson)
Public Works (Chairman: Dennis Chavez; Ranking Member: Edward Martin)
Rules and Administration (Chairman: Theodore F. Green; Ranking Member: William E. Jenner)
Senate Reception Room (Special) (Chairman: [data missing]; Ranking Member: [data missing])
Small Business (Select) (Chairman: John J. Sparkman)
Whole
= House of Representatives
=Agriculture (Chairman: Harold D. Cooley; Ranking Member: Clifford R. Hope)
Appropriations (Chairman: Clarence Cannon; Ranking Member: John Taber)
Armed Services (Chairman: Carl Vinson; Ranking Member: Dewey J. Short)
Banking and Currency (Chairman: Brent Spence; Ranking Member: Jesse P. Wolcott)
Benefits for Dependents of Armed Services Veterans (Select) (Chairman: Porter Hardy Jr.)
Defense Production (Chairman: [data missing]; Ranking Member: [data missing])
District of Columbia (Chairman: John L. McMillan; Ranking Member: Sid Simpson)
Education and Labor (Chairman: Graham A. Barden; Ranking Member: Samuel K. McConnell Jr.)
Foreign Affairs (Chairman: James P. Richards; Ranking Member: Robert B. Chiperfield)
Government Operations (Chairman: William L. Dawson; Ranking Member: Clare E. Hoffman)
House Administration (Chairman: Omar Burleson; Ranking Member: Karl M. LeCompte)
Investigate the Incorporation of the Baltic States into the U.S.S.R. (Select) (Chairman: [data missing]; Ranking Member: [data missing])
Interior and Insular Affairs (Chairman: Clair Engle; Ranking Member: A.L. Miller)
Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: J. Percy Priest; Ranking Member: Charles A. Wolverton)
Judiciary (Chairman: Emanuel Celler; Ranking Member: Chauncey W. Reed then Kenneth B. Keating)
Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: Herbert C. Bonner; Ranking Member: Thor C. Tollefson)
Post Office and Civil Service (Chairman: Tom J. Murray; Ranking Member: Edward H. Rees)
Public Works (Chairman: Charles A. Buckley; Ranking Member: George A. Dondero)
Rules (Chairman: Howard W. Smith; Ranking Member: Leo E. Allen)
Small Business (Select) (Chairman: Wright Patman)
Standards of Official Conduct
Un-American Activities (Chairman: Francis E. Walter; Ranking Member: Harold H. Velde)
Veterans' Affairs (Chairman: Olin E. Teague; Ranking Member: Edith Nourse Rogers)
Ways and Means (Chairman: Jere Cooper; Ranking Member: Daniel A. Reed)
Whole
= Joint committees
=Atomic Energy (Chairman: Sen. Clinton P. Anderson; Vice Chairman: Rep. Carl T. Durham)
Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
Construction of a Building for a Museum of History and Technology for the Smithsonian
Defense Production
Disposition of Executive Papers
Economic
Immigration and Nationality Policy (Chairman: Sen. Arthur V. Watkins)
Legislative Budget
The Library (Chairman: Omar Burleson; Vice Chairman: Theodore F. Green)
Navajo-Hopi Indian Administration
Printing (Chairman: Sen. Carl Hayden; Vice Chairman: Rep. Omar Burleson)
Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures (Chairman: Sen. Harry F. Byrd; Vice Chairman: Rep. Daniel A. Reed)
Taxation (Chairman: Rep. Jere Cooper; Vice Chairman: Sen. Paul H. Douglas)
Employees
= Legislative branch agency directors
=Architect of the Capitol: J. George Stewart
Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver
Comptroller General of the United States: Joseph Campbell
Librarian of Congress: Lawrence Quincy Mumford
Public Printer of the United States: Raymond Blattenberger
= Senate
=Chaplain: Frederick Brown Harris, Methodist
Parliamentarian: Charles Watkins
Secretary: Felton McLellan Johnston
Librarian: Richard D. Hupman
Secretary for the Majority: Robert G. Baker
Secretary for the Minority: J. Mark Trice
Sergeant at Arms: Joseph C. Duke
= House of Representatives
=Clerk: Ralph R. Roberts
Sergeant at Arms: Zeake W. Johnson Jr.
Doorkeeper: William Mosley "Fishbait" Miller
Postmaster: H. H. Morris
Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
Reading Clerks: George J. Maurer (D) and Alney E. Chaffee (R)
Chaplain: Bernard Braskamp (Presbyterian)
See also
1954 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
1954 United States Senate elections
1954 United States House of Representatives elections
1956 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
1956 United States presidential election
1956 United States Senate elections
1956 United States House of Representatives elections
Notes
References
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 84th Congress (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
Official Congressional Directory for the 84th Congress, 1st Session.
Official Congressional Directory for the 84th Congress, 2nd Session.
Pocket Congressional Directory for the 84th Congress.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-84
- The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (film)
- 84th United States Congress
- List of United States senators in the 84th Congress
- List of United States Congresses
- List of United States federal legislation
- Party divisions of United States Congresses
- 1954 United States House of Representatives elections
- 1956 United States Senate special election in West Virginia
- List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
- Southern Manifesto
- Minnesota Army National Guard
