• Source: Abu al-Dhahab

Muhammad Abu al-Dhahab (Arabic: محمد أبو الدهب, romanized: muḥammad abū aḏ-ḏahab; 1735–1775), also just called Abu Dhahab (Arabic: أبو الدهب, romanized: abū ḏahab, lit. 'father of gold', a name apparently given to him on account of his generosity and wealth) was a Mamluk emir and regent of Ottoman Egypt.
Born in the North Caucasus region of Circassia or in Abkhazia he was kidnapped and sold to the Mamluk Emir Ali Bey al-Kabir in Egypt. He became Ali Bey's closest and favourite fellow, his most trusted general and even his brother-in-law (according to other sources: son-in-law or adoptive son).
During the Russo-Turkish War Ali Bey declared Egypt's independence from the Ottoman Empire and allegedly attempted to restore the former Mamluk Sultanate which was conquered by the Ottoman Turks 250 years before. On behalf of Ali Bey, Abu Dhahab suppressed a revolt in Upper Egypt (1769), seized the Hejaz (1770) and - allied with the Palestinian emir Zahir al-Umar - conquered large parts of Ottoman Syria (1771). Having taken Damascus (1772) from its Ottoman governor Uthman Pasha al-Kurji, Abu Dhahab changed sides, handed over all the conquered territories to the Ottomans and marched against Cairo. Ali Bey fled to Zahir al-Umar in Acre, and Abu Dhahab became the new Shaykh al-Balad (civil governor) and de facto ruler of Egypt.
When Ali Bey came back and tried to restore his position, he was defeated and killed by Abu Dhahab's forces near Cairo (1773). Acting on Ottoman orders Abu Dhahab then invaded Palestine to defeat Emir Zahir, too. After conquering Gaza, Jaffa and Acre, he suddenly died of the plague. His comrades Murad Bey and Ibrahim Bey, the leaders of his Mamluk faction (Abu-Dhahab faction or Muhammadiyya), succeeded him in power.




See also


Jazzar Pasha (1720/30s – 1804), associate of Abu al-Dhahab in Cairo
Mosque of Abu al-Dhahab




References






Further reading


al-Ǧabartī, Abdarraḥmān (1989). Bonaparte in Ägypten - Aus den Chroniken von ʿAbdarraḥmān al-Ǧabartī. Translated by Hottinger, Arnold. Munich: Piper. pp. 46–58 and 332f.
Bidwell, Robin Leonard (1998). Dictionary of Modern Arab History. London/New York: Keegan Paul. p. 24f.
Crecelius, Daniel (1978). "The Waqf of Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dhabab". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. XV: 83–105. doi:10.2307/40000133. JSTOR 40000133.
Crecelius, Daniel (1981). The Roots of Modern Egypt: A Study of the Refimes of 'Ali Bey al-Kebir and Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dhabab, 1760–1775. Studies in Middle Eastern History. Vol. 6. Chicago: Bibliotheca Islamica. ISBN 978-0882970295.
Goldschmidt, Arthur; Johnston, Robert (2013). Historical Dictionary of Egypt (PDF). African Historical Dictionaries. Vol. 89. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-8108-4856-6.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Al-Ghazali
• Pendudukan Beirut oleh Rusia
• Asy-Syafi'i
• Al-Mas'udi
• Ad-Darimi
• Ibnu al-Imad al-Hanbali
• Abu Bakr al-Khallal
• Imam adz-Dzahabi
• Abu Mikhnaf
• Fakhruddin ar-Razi
• Abu al-Dhahab
• Mosque of Abu al-Dhahab
• Zahir al-Umar
• Ali Bey al-Kabir
• Husam Abu Dahab
• Ibrahim Bey (Mamluk)
• Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
• Russian occupations of Beirut
• Al-Masudi
• Salibi al-Zahir